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Objective To investigate the osteogenesis capability of different frequency extracorporeal shock wave.Methods 39 rabbits received different frequency extracorporeal shock wave at the middle potion of tibia for 3 or 7 days,these rabbits were then sac rificed and the tibia bones were collected to process for HE and toluidine blue staining,the pathological changes were observed under the light microscope.Results After different frequency extracorporeal shock wave treatment,the typical periosteal reaction were observed,external periosteum bleeded and thickened but there was no reaction at internal periosteum,marrow cavity opened and fibrosed.the osteoblast-1iking cell proliferated,however,no cartilage cells were observed;The rabbits received 7 days shock wave treatment showed more severe reaction than those for 3 days.The shock wave at lower frequency showed more severe reaction than higher frequency.Conclusion shock wave induced osteogenesis through the periosteal reaction of external periosteum;the osteogenesis capability of different frequency extracorporeal shock wave were affected by the frequency.Higher frequency of shock wave was not the ideal way to promote osteogenesis.
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Objective To summarize the clinical effect of arthroscopic Pridie drilling technique for repairing full-thickness articular chondral defects of the knee.Methods A retrospective study was made on clinical data of 28 patients(29 knees) with full-thickness articular cartilage defects treated with arthroscopic Pridie drilling technique from November 1999 to July 2005 in this hospital.A Kirschner wire 1.0~1.2 mm in diameter was used in the procedure to puncture holes in the subchondral bone plate.Holes were made adjacent to each other as closely as possible,but not to break into neighbouring ones,with normally 2~3 mm apart.The depth of the hole was 3~4 mm.A protected weight-bearing protocol lasting 6~8 weeks and continous passive motion(CPM) were used postoperatively.The Tegner activity levels,the Meyers scores,and the Lysholm knee scores were used for evaluation before and after the operation.Results The surgical outcomes were classified as "excellent" in 19 cases,"good" in 5 cases,and "poor" in 4,with the total effective rate being 85.7%(24/28).The Tegner activity levels were elevated from 1.9?1.2 preoperatively to 4.9?1.9 postoperatively(t=10.912,P=0.001),the Meyers scores from 10.3?1.3 preoperatively to 15.9?2.6 postoperatively (t=10.101,P=0.005),and the Lysholm knee scores from 47.7?12.5 to 83.2?15.4(t=10.302,P=0.003),respectively.Conclusions Arthroscopic Pridie drilling is a simple,safe,mini-invasive,and effective technique, which appears to be a practical surgical option for the treatment of full-thickness articular chondral lesions of the knee.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of rupture and reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) on the degeneration of rabbit knee articular cartilage.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>14 mature New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups. In group I, the ACL of the right knees in 7 rabbits was resected and immediately reconstructed, and the contralateral ACL was resected only in controll f group I. In group II, the ACL of the right knees in 7 rabbits was reconstructed 3 weeks after the ACL was resected and the contralateral joints in control group II, in which only a medial arthrotomy was performed. The rabbits were killed 8 weeks after the operation. The methods of ink straining, histology and SEM were used to analyze the changes in articular cartilage of the joints.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results of ink method and HE straining were analyzed quantitatively. The degeneration of knee articular cartilage in group I was significantly weaker than that in control group I (Hc = 5.9889, P = 0.0144). The degeneration of knee articular cartilage in group II was as serious as that in control group I (Hc = 0.7143, P = 0.785).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Immediate reconstruction of the ACL can effectively prevent articular cartilage from degeneration. Once the articular cartilage damaged moderately, delayed reconstruction of the ACL could not effectively reduce the development of degeneration. So once the ACL is ruptured, reconstruction should be performed in the early stage to restore the stability of knee joint to prevent the articular cartilage from degeneration.</p>
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Animals , Rabbits , Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries , Cartilage, Articular , Pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Knee JointABSTRACT
Objective To observe the articular cartilage injuries complicated with the rupture of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)in 21 athletes and 43 non-athletes,and investigate the cause and the pattern of cartilage of knee following the ACL rupture in those patients.Methods The pathologic change,location,degree of cartilage lesion were observed. The relationship between the incidence, occurrent time,degree of cartilage injury and ACL rupture,injured degree of cartilage and the course of ACL rupture were studied.Results The incidence of cartilage injury were 75% in all patients, 66.7% in athletes and 79%in non-athletes. Incidence of cartilage injury in non-athletes was significantly higher than that in athletes (P<0.01).Incidence of serious injury of cartilage in the course more than 1 year was significantly higher than that less than 1 year (P<0.01),but there were no statistical difference between the two groups.Conclusion The incidence of articular cartilage injury following ACL rupture were significantly raised in athletes and non-athletes. The longer the ACL ruptured, the more serious the cartilage injured. Results indicated that articular cartilage injuries in the ACL rupture knee were mainly caused by the instability of knee.
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Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important pathophysiological role in osteoarthritis and cartilage metabolism. To determine the relationship between NO and the synthesis of type II collagen in cartilage, we measured levels of type II collagen by ELISA and procollagen (II) mRNA by RT-PCR in cultured lapine chondrocytes that were incubated with some kinds of reagents. 0.2mM sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a NO donor) can release high levels of NO, decreasing type II collagen, suppressing the expression of procollagen (II) mRNA (COL2A1).At the same time, chondrocytes showed a large increase in NO synthesis, a decrease in type II collagen and COL2A1 mRNA in response to 100u/ml IL-1. When 1mg/ml N-nitro-L-arginine methyl easter (NAME, an inhibitor of NO synthase) was mixed with IL-1, NO production was inhibited, the amounts of type II collagen recovered partially and COL2A1 mRNA recovered completely.These data indicate NO can inhibit type II collagen synthesis as IL-1 downstream molecule by suppressing procollagen (II) mRNA.
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Objective To study the reasons, patterns of the injury and methods of early reconstruction of the articular cartilage injuries associated with the rupture of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL). Methods The pathologic change, location, degree of articular cartilage lesion were observed in 64 old ACL ruptures and 23 fresh ones by arthroscopy. The relationship between the incidence， duration of the injury, degree of cartilage injury and ACL ruptures, the correlation between the cartilage injury of femoral condyles and meniscus injury were studied. Results The incidence of articular cartilage injury in old ACL rupture group(75％ ) was significantly higher than that in fresh group(26％ )(P
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Objective To determine the biomechanical properties of anterior cruciate ligament allograft reconstructing posterior cruciate ligament in rabbits. Methods Based on the study of anatomy and biomechanics of normal rabbit cruciate ligaments, anterior cruciate ligament allografts were employed to reconstruct the posterior cruciate ligament in rabbits. The sterilized fresh-frozen allograft of bone-anterior cruciate ligament-bone were prepared and reserved for more than 14 days under -80 ℃. Twenty-four skeletally matured New Zealand white rabbits underwent a posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on one knee randomly, the opposite knee was served as the paired control. Rabbits were sacrificed at 6, 12, 26 and 52 weeks respectively. Evaluations of the reconstructions and contralateral controls included the geometric, structural and material properties and rupture site. Results The mean length of the grafts at 52 weeks was 101% of the control (P=0.90), the cross-sectional area was 142%; the maximum load at 52 weeks was 83% of the control, the maximum elongation was 72%, the stiffness was 92%; the maximum stress at 52 weeks was 58% of the control, the maximum strain was 72%, and the modulds was 65%; the rupture site was all at the body part of the graft. The geometric, structural and material properties of the graft were gradually similar to those of the normal posterior cruciate ligament with the elapse of the time. Conclusion The biomechanical properpies of graft with similar material properties to normal posterior cruciate ligament following posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in rabbits was favourable. The similar material properties of graft to normal posterior cruciate ligament play the very important roles in the posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
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Objective To report the diagnostic and therapeutic effects of arthroscopic surgery on elbow sports injuries. Methods Nineteen patients with elbow diseases were treated by arthroscopic methods from January 1996 to February 2000. The modified HSS elbow rating scale was used as criteria of the efficacy. All patients were followed up for 4.5 months to 4.5 years (an average 8.6 months). Results Among nineteen patients, eleven had an excellent results, seven good, one poor, and satisfactory rate was 94.7 percent. Ten patients were satisfied greatly with the results,eight patients satisfied, one unsatisfied, the satisfactory rate was up to 94.7 percent according to the responses of questionnaire from the patients. The time resuming daily was in a medium of 7 days, and that for sports was in an average of 2.5 months. All the 11 cases of athletes and actors(actresses) resumed their previous seats. Complications occurred in 3 earlier cases, one had radial nerve temporary paralysis, the other two had residue loose bodies. Conclusion Elbow arthroscopic treatment is a reliable method with the advantages of minor trauma, quicker recovery and less traumatic manipulation. Careful pre-operative examination, selection of a safer portal of entry, and standard manipulation are very important points for the attainment of better results and less complications.
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Purpose: To study the influences of immune suspression by oral administration of type Ⅱ collagen on the pathogenesis of collagen induced arthritis(CIA) and traumatic oseoarthritis(OA) in rats; Methods: Rat knee traumatic osteoarthritis model made by excision of medial collateral ligament and medial meniscetomy and CIA model were applied for the observation of the changes on hisological and histochemical staining and the inhibition of T cells after oral administration of type Ⅱ collagen. Results: In OA, although the T cells were suspressed by oral administration of type Ⅱ collagen, however, the the pathogenesis was not hindered comparing with RA. It indicated that for OA, machanical factor is more important than the immunological factor, oral administration of type Ⅱ collagen has little effect on decreasing the speed of development of OA. It is not adequate to take the remedy of oral administation of type Ⅱ collagen for the treatment of OA.