Effect of body mass index on the number of lymph nodes harvested in patients who underwent colorectal cancer resection / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective: To analyze the effect of body mass index (BMI) on the number of lymph nodes (LNs) harvested in patients who underwent colorectal cancer resection. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 328 patients with colorectal cancer who were treated at Fujian Provincial Hospital between December 2014 and January 2017 was conducted. All patients underwent colorectal cancer resec-tion and were assigned into 2 groups:<12-LN group and≥12-LN group. Potential clinicopathological variables that might influence the number of LNs harvested were statistically analyzed. Results: Univariate analyses demonstrated that BMI (χ2=7.697, P=0.006), tumor location (χ2=7.900, P=0.048), and TNM stage (χ2=34.795, P<0.01) affected the number of LNs harvested. Logistic regression analysis re-vealed that BMI of≥25 kg/m2 and rectosigmoid location were associated with 2.557-and 1.731-fold increases in the number of LNs harvested, compared with BMI<25 kg/m2 group and other tumor locations, respectively. Conclusions: Higher BMI may decrease the number of LNs harvested in patients who underwent colorectal cancer resection and could affect the postoperative pathological stage. K

Whole Genome Analyses of Chinese Population and De Novo Assembly of A Northern Han Genome / 基因组蛋白质组与生物信息学报·英文版

To unravel the genetic mechanisms of disease and physiological traits, it requires comprehensive sequencing analysis of large sample size in Chinese populations. Here, we report the primary results of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Precision Medicine Initiative (CASPMI) project launched by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, including the de novo assembly of a northern Han reference genome (NH1.0) and whole genome analyses of 597 healthy people coming from most areas in China. Given the two existing reference genomes for Han Chinese (YH and HX1) were both from the south, we constructed NH1.0, a new reference genome from a northern individual, by combining the sequencing strategies of PacBio, 10× Genomics, and Bionano mapping. Using this integrated approach, we obtained an N50 scaffold size of 46.63 Mb for the NH1.0 genome and performed a comparative genome analysis of NH1.0 with YH and HX1. In order to generate a genomic variation map of Chinese populations, we performed the whole-genome sequencing of 597 participants and identified 24.85 million (M) single nucleotide variants (SNVs), 3.85 M small indels, and 106,382 structural variations. In the association analysis with collected phenotypes, we found that the T allele of rs1549293 in KAT8 significantly correlated with the waist circumference in northern Han males. Moreover, significant genetic diversity in MTHFR, TCN2, FADS1, and FADS2, which associate with circulating folate, vitamin B12, or lipid metabolism, was observed between northerners and southerners. Especially, for the homocysteine-increasing allele of rs1801133 (MTHFR 677T), we hypothesize that there exists a "comfort" zone for a high frequency of 677T between latitudes of 35-45 degree North. Taken together, our results provide a high-quality northern Han reference genome and novel population-specific data sets of genetic variants for use in the personalized and precision medicine.

Histological study on the safety of the controllable ileostomy with pipe / 中华胃肠外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the safety of the controllable ileostomy with pipe in view of histology.@*METHODS@#Twenty-eight Beagle dogs undergoing controllable ileostomy with pipe were studied. The special fistula tube with balloon was placed into the hole locating at the cecal root opposing the mesenteric side, and fixed by double knot compression method.@*RESULTS@#The fistula tube was removed 14 days after surgery, then the safety of the procedure was preliminarily evaluated by gastrointestinal radiography and anatomical observation. The small intestine tissue at the compression suture was used as the experimental segment, and the small intestine tissue at the proximal non-compression suture was used as the control segment. The histological staining and the immunohistochemical staining of S-100 protein, c-kit protein and α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) protein between two segment were compared, while quantitative comparison of myenteric plexus, intestinal Cajal cell(ICC) and smooth muscle cells in intestinal wall was carried out. After removal of fistula tube at 14 days postoperative, the dogs were normal in feeding and defecation. The digestive tract radiography showed that the intestine was patent without obvious stenosis and obstruction. The dogs were dissected 21 days after operation. The abdominal sinus ostium was well healed and the internal sinus was well formed. Under gross inspection, blood supply, morphology and motor function of experimental intestine segment were similar from the proximal and distal segments of control intestine. S-100 immunohistochemical staining showed that the morphology and distribution of S-100 protein positive cells and "blank area" cells in the experimental and control segments were consistent. Myenteric plexus counting showed that the experimental segment was 3.62±1.82/field and the control segment was 3.27±1.62/field, whose difference was not statistically significant(t=1.30, P=0.20). Immunohistochemical staining of c-kit showed that the distribution of c-kit positive cells in both segments was consistent. Counting of the number of ICCs in myenteric plexus revealed that experimental segment was 2.96±2.57/plexus, and control segment was 2.49±1.80/plexus without significant difference(t=1.81, P=0.07). Immunohistochemical staining of α-SMA showed that the morphology and distribution of smooth muscle cells in whole intestinal wall(muscle layer, longitudinal muscle, ring muscle) in experimental and control segments were consistent. The average absorbance(A) value of α-SMA staining in ring muscle layer was detected and quantified. The experimental segment was 0.15±0.03 and control segment was 0.14±0.04 without significant difference(t=1.16, P=0.25).@*CONCLUSION@#The technique of controllable ileostomy with pipe is safe in view of histology, which may replace the traditional protective ileostomy.

Application research of presacral space drainage tube combined with subcutaneous vacuum pressure suction in the laparoscopic-assisted abdominoperineal resection / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the management for the perineal incision after laparoscopic-assisted abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 87 patients undergoing laparoscopic Miles operation for lower rectal cancer from June 2009 to February 2014 were collected and studied. Presacral space drainage group: presacral space drainage tube was applied in 42 patients. Combined drainage group: presacral space drainage tube combined with subcutaneous vacuum pressure suction was applied in 45 cases. In combined drainage group, except the presacral drainage tube, another drainage tube was placed subcutaneously and connected to a negative pressure ball, which was fixed on the lateral anterior of perineal wound by the further incision and drainage. After subcutaneous tube was placed for 2 weeks, as drainage fluid was limpid and <15 ml/d for 3 days, meanwhile no obvious pelvic fluid was detected by ultrasound, and the wound healed quite well without redness and edema, then the subcutaneous tube with the negative pressure ball could be removed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 51 males and 36 females with the mean age of 26-78(56.9±10.8) years old. The laparoscopic Miles operation was successfully completed in all the cases without death and complications. The drainage tube was placed for 4-13(8.0±2.5) days in presacral space drainage group, and for 4-14(6.7±2.4) days in combined drainage group. The subcutaneous tube was placed for 14-24(15.8±3.0) days. The primary healing rate of perineal wound in presacral space drainage group and combined drainage group was 66.7%(28/42) and 91.1%(41/45) respectively, while the perineal wound infection rate was 21.4%(9/42) and 4.4%(2/45) respectively, whose differences between two groups were both significant (χ=7.911, P=0.005 and χ=5.674, P=0.017).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Presacral space drainage tube combined with subcutaneous vacuum pressure suction in laparoscopic-assisted abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer has better efficacy and lower infection rate for perineal incision, which is worth wide application.</p>

Differential expression of ADD3 splicing isoforms between colorectal cancer and normal mucosa tissues / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the relationship between the expression of adducin 3 (ADD3) and its splicing isoforms and colorectal cancer (CRC).METHODS:The expression of ADD3, ADD3-Ia and ADD3-Ib in 50 pair of CRC tissues , 20 pairs of colorectal polyp tissues , and 2 CRC cell lines SW480 and SW620 before and after oxaliplatin or fluoroura-cil intervention were detected by real-time PCR.The cell activity was determined by MTT assay , the cell migration ability was evaluated by wound-healing assay , and the cell invasion ability was measured by Transwell assay .RESULTS:The expres-sion levels of ADD3 and ADD3-Ib were decreased in the CRC tissues as compared with the normal mucous (P<0.01), and ADD3-Ia/Ib ratio was increased in the CRC tissues (P<0.01).The expression level of ADD3-Ia was higher in T3-4 group than that in T1-2 group (P<0.05).Reduced expression of ADD3, ADD3-Ia and ADD3-Ib in colorectal polyps was observed compared with the normal tissues (P<0.01).Compared with the SW480 cells, the expression levels of ADD3-Ia and ADD3-Ib were lower (P<0.05) and the ADD3-Ia/Ib ratio was higher (P <0.01) in the SW620 cells.After treated with oxalipla-tin or fluorouracil, the cell activity, migration and invasion in the SW620 and SW480 cells were weakened accompanied by the increases in the expression levels of ADD 3, ADD3-Ia and ADD3-Ib to various certain extents .CONCLUSION:In CRC there is a tendency that ADD3-Ib reduction leads to ADD3 decrease, accompanied by an increased ADD3-Ia/Ib ratio.The expression changes of ADD 3 and its splicing isoforms in the CRC may be relevant to its invasion ability .

Expression of transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) in colon cancer tissues and its clinical significance / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif(TAZ) in colon cancer tissues and its association with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of TAZ protein was detected in 56 resected colon cancer tissues and matched tumor-adjacent tissues using immunohistochemistry. The positive expression rate of TAZ was compared between patients with different clinicopathological features. The association between TAZ expression and prognosis was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Expression of TAZ protein located in the nucleolus. The positive expression rate of TAZ in colon cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in matched tumor-adjacent tissues(73.2% vs. 12.5%, P=0.000). Clinicopathological evaluation suggested that the expression of TAZ protein was associated with tumor size(P=0.009), depth of infiltration(P=0.026), lymph node metastasis (P=0.007) and TNM staging(P=0.004). Colon cancer patients with negative expression of TAZ showed a better 5-year survival as compared with those with positive expression of TAZ (66.7% vs. 22.9%, P=0.0017). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that positive TAZ expression was an independent factor for predicting poor prognosis in colon cancer (HR:3.532, 95% CI: 1.3-9.9, P=0.016).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expression of TAZ protein is up-regulated in colon cancer tissues and its high expression is associated with poor prognosis of colon cancer patients.</p>

Expression of miR-146a in colon cancer and its significance / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate miR-146a expression in colonic cancer and its clinical implications.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Quantitative real-time PCR was employed to detect the levels of miR-146a expression in colonic cancer tissues, pair-matched adjacent normal tissues and different colonic cancer cell lines. MTT essay was used to evaluate the proliferation of colonic cancer SW260 cells transfected with miR-146a mimics, and the cell cycle and apoptosis of the cells were analyzed with flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the normal tissues, 38 of the 43 colonic cancer samples showed down-regulated miR-146a expression, which was associated with poor tumor differentiation. The expression of miR-146a in the tumor tissues was significantly correlated with tumor size and clinical stages. The patients with high miR-146a expression levels had significantly longer total survival time than those with low expression of miR-146a. In SW260 cell cultures, transfection with miR-146a mimics significantly inhibited cell growth (P<0.05) and increased the cell apoptosis rate (11.9% vs 5.9%) but produced no obvious effect on cell cycle.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>miR-146a may serve as a potential therapeutic target for colonic cancer for its role in inhibiting colonic cancer cell proliferation.</p>

Comparison of short- and long-term efficacy of three procedures in postoperative digestive tract reconstruction for upper gastric cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the short- and long-term efficacy of three different procedures used for digestive tract reconstruction after radical gastrectomy for upper gastric cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 191 patients with upper gastric cancer undergoing radical gastrectomy in the Fujian Provincial Hospital between January 2000 and December 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. Surgical procedures were classified as total gastrectomy followed by Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy (TG-RY, n=123), proximal gastrectomy followed by esophagogastrostomy (PG-EG, n=40), and proximal gastrectomy followed by jejunal interposition (PG-JI, n=28). Clinicopathological characteristics, perioperative and long-term outcomes were compared among the three groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The operative time was shorter (178 vs. 248 and 224 min, P<0.05), and the intraoperative blood loss was less (194 vs. 323 and 265 ml, P<0.05) in PG-EG group than those in TG-RY and PG-JI groups. Early postoperative complications and hospital stay were comparable (both P>0.05). With respect to gastrectomy-associated symptoms, reflux and heartburn were more frequent in PG-EG patients, while dumpling syndrome was more frequent after TG-RY. Postoperative weight loss was not significantly different among three procedures (P>0.05), however, hemoglobin and serum albumin levels were lower in TG-RY patients (both P<0.05). The 5-year survival rate was similar (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Surgeons need to choose the proper procedure according to tumor features and patient condition. PG-JI should be the first choice in terms of fewer complaints and better nutrition. TG-RY tends to be used for larger and more advanced tumors. PG-EG is the most minimally invasive procedure and thus may be suitable for older and high-risk patients.</p>

Molecular identification of one Uncaria plant / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>In order to identify a species of Uncaria, molecular phylogenetic analysis was carried out by using the rDNA ITS sequence as molecular marker.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Total DNA was extracted from the plant with modified CTAB method and thereby rDNA ITS regions were amplified with universally conserved primer. The rDNA ITS amplicon was characterized by cloning, sequencing, blasting in GenBank and phylogenetic analyses using PAUP by maximum parsimony (MP) criteria.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The rDNA ITS entire sequence of this species of Uncaria was 719 bp. The sequence is related to the U. sinensis available in GenBank and the similarity reaches 99.7%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Based on molecular biology methods of rDNA ITS region analysis, molecular identification is available in accurate classification on this species of Uncaria.</p>

A genome sequence of novel SARS-CoV isolates: the genotype, GD-Ins29, leads to a hypothesis of viral transmission in South China / 基因组蛋白质组与生物信息学报·英文版

We report a complete genomic sequence of rare isolates (minor genotype) of the SARS-CoV from SARS patients in Guangdong, China, where the first few cases emerged. The most striking discovery from the isolate is an extra 29-nucleotide sequence located at the nucleotide positions between 27,863 and 27,864 (referred to the complete sequence of BJ01) within an overlapped region composed of BGI-PUP5 (BGI-postulated uncharacterized protein 5) and BGI-PUP6 upstream of the N (nucleocapsid) protein. The discovery of this minor genotype, GD-Ins29, suggests a significant genetic event and differentiates it from the previously reported genotype, the dominant form among all sequenced SARS-CoV isolates. A 17-nt segment of this extra sequence is identical to a segment of the same size in two human mRNA sequences that may interfere with viral replication and transcription in the cytosol of the infected cells. It provides a new avenue for the exploration of the virus-host interaction in viral evolution, host pathogenesis, and vaccine development.

The M protein of SARS-CoV: basic structural and immunological properties / 基因组蛋白质组与生物信息学报·英文版

We studied structural and immunological properties of the SARS-CoV M (membrane) protein, based on comparative analyses of sequence features, phylogenetic investigation, and experimental results. The M protein is predicted to contain a triple-spanning transmembrane (TM) region, a single N-glycosylation site near its N-terminus that is in the exterior of the virion, and a long C-terminal region in the interior. The M protein harbors a higher substitution rate (0.6% correlated to its size) among viral open reading frames (ORFs) from published data. The four substitutions detected in the M protein, which cause non-synonymous changes, can be classified into three types. One of them results in changes of pI (isoelectric point) and charge, affecting antigenicity. The second changes hydrophobicity of the TM region, and the third one relates to hydrophilicity of the interior structure. Phylogenetic tree building based on the variations of the M protein appears to support the non-human origin of SARS-CoV. To investigate its immunogenicity, we synthesized eight oligopeptides covering 69.2% of the entire ORF and screened them by using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) with sera from SARS patients. The results confirmed our predictions on antigenic sites.

The structure analysis and antigenicity study of the N protein of SARS-CoV / 基因组蛋白质组与生物信息学报·英文版

The Coronaviridae family is characterized by a nucleocapsid that is composed of the genome RNA molecule in combination with the nucleoprotein (N protein) within a virion. The most striking physiochemical feature of the N protein of SARS-CoV is that it is a typical basic protein with a high predicted pI and high hydrophilicity, which is consistent with its function of binding to the ribophosphate backbone of the RNA molecule. The predicted high extent of phosphorylation of the N protein on multiple candidate phosphorylation sites demonstrates that it would be related to important functions, such as RNA-binding and localization to the nucleolus of host cells. Subsequent study shows that there is an SR-rich region in the N protein and this region might be involved in the protein-protein interaction. The abundant antigenic sites predicted in the N protein, as well as experimental evidence with synthesized polypeptides, indicate that the N protein is one of the major antigens of the SARS-CoV. Compared with other viral structural proteins, the low variation rate of the N protein with regards to its size suggests its importance to the survival of the virus.