The variant suprarenal arterial supply in Thais.

The principal aims of this study were to investigate the origins and the anatomical types of arterial supply to the suprarenal gland. The glands received blood from 3 arteries: the superior suprarenal, the middle suprarenal, and the inferior suprarenal arteries. Such origins were observed in that the superior suprarenal arteries arose almost exclusively from the inferior phrenic artery (97%) except 1 gland (1%) whose arterial supply was directly from a branch of the celiac artery and 2 glands (2%) from the renal artery. The middle suprarenal arteries originated from either the aorta (58 glands, 57%) or a branch of the renal artery (44 glands, 43%) Almost the inferior suprarenal arteries came from the proximal part of the renal artery (86 out of the 102 glands or 84%), the remaining of the 16 glands or 16% were directly supplied from the aorta. The arterial supply to the suprarenal gland may be classified into three types. Type I, having tripartite origins (41% received blood from the inferior phrenic artery (or the branch of celiac artery), the aorta, and the renal artery. Type II, having bipartite origins (57%), was a major type receiving blood form the inferior phrenic artery and directly from the aorta (or the renal artery). Type III, rare type (2%), received blood from only one origin, the renal artery.

Anatomical variations of the first extensor compartment affecting surgery in de Quervain’s disease.

151 wrists of Thai cadavers were dissected to determine the anatomical variations of tendons of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis muscles as they lie in the first extensor compartment of the wrists. Such variation involves division of the abductor pollicis longus tendon and the extensor pollicis brevis tendon. Additionally, the main compartment is usually divided into two sub-compartments by a fibrous septum, one for the abductor pollicis longus and its accessory tendons (one to five tendons), the other for the extensor pollicis brevis and one accessory tendon. Septation varied involving the distal one-third to the entire compartment. The abductor pollicis longus has only tendon that inserts into the base of the first metacarpal; the accessory tendon inserts upon the dorsal surface of the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb. Therefore, in the surgical decompression for de Quervain’s disease, the recognition of the presence of these tendons and in particular the presence or absence of a separate osteo-fibrous compartment is of great importance. In addition knowledge of the location of their insertions should be useful for transfer procedures.

The clinical anatomy of commonly injured muscle bellies of the upper extremities in Thais.

Cadaver specimens of commonly injured muscle bellies of the upper extremities were examined for the presence, location and extent of the origin and insertion. These muscles were the pectoralis major, biceps brachii (long head), triceps brachii (long head), brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, flexor carpi radialis and flexor digitorum superficialis. Some tendons were found to lay superficially on the surface of fleshy fibres and some tendons extended deeply into the muscle. Most of the muscle bellies contained tendinous extensions that appeared as flattened fibrous bands. This study provideds anatomical information as to the approximated location and extent of these tendons to permit optimal surgical repair.

Patterns of the opening of the common bile duct and main pancreatic duct in Thais.

Common bile duct and main pancreatic duct of 89 Thai cadavers; 52 males and 37 females, were studied. Five types of the pattern of opening of common bile duct main pancreatic duct were found. The types which both ducts united to be hepatopancreatic duct before opening into the duodenal lumen were more common than the individual opening types, found in 61.8% and 35.95% respectivity. The rest was a special type which pancreatic duct divided into two channels : one channels : one channel joined common bile duct outside duodenum and the other joined the common bile duct in the wall of duodenum. The distribution of types in both sexes were not statistically significant difference. The length of hepatopancreatic duct varied from 1.3 to 11.95 millemeters.

Variation in subscapularis muscle fibres arrangement in Thais.

An arrangement of subscapularis muscle fibres was investigated in 33 male and 15 female Thai cadavers. The muscle was a sheet showing multipennate arrangement. It consisted of upper pinnate fasciculi interdigitating with lower pinnate fasciculi. Each upper and lower pennate fasciculus had ascending and descending intramuscular tendinous septum in the middle respectively. In addition, some descending tendinous septa bifurcated and the lower pennate fasciculus were subdivided into pair pennate fasciculi. New discovery of the bifurcation of some asconding septa and the upper pair pennate fasciculi was recorded.

Preauricular sulcus and ventral sacro-iliac ligament sex differences and parous scars in Thai cadavers.

Morphological features, the size of the preauricular sulcus and the thickness of the ventral sacro-iliac ligament were examined in both male and females Thai cadavers pelves in which the age, the sex and the past history of pregnancy were known. The gross appearance of the preauricular sulcus in males, which was characterized by a short, narrow and shallow groove, of the sulcus in parameters obtained, including the width, depth and length when comparing the left and the right in any individual group of either male or female pelves (p>0.05). There was also no significant difference in the dimensions of the sulsuc and the thickness of the ventral sacro-iliac ligament when comparing between the male and nulliparous female (p>0.05). In contrast, the parameters of both, the size of the sulsuc and the thickness of the ligament in parous females, were significantly greater than that in males and nulliparous females. The results suggest that the size of the preauricular sulcus could be used as a reliable index for indicating the Thai parous female. The thickness of the ventral sacro-iliac ligament may be another index in addition to the size of the preauricular sulcus.