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Objective:To investigate the high-risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with pT 1-2N 1M 0 after mastectomy, establish a nomogram prediction model, perform risk stratification, and screen the radiotherapy benefit populations. Methods:Clinical data of 936 patients with pT 1-2N 1M 0 breast cancer undergoing mastectomy in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2010 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed and 908 cases had complete follow-up data. They were divided into the radiotherapy (RT) group ( n=583) and non radiotherapy (NRT) group ( n=325) according to the radiotherapy. After propensity score matching (PSM) was performed 1 vs. 1, 298 cases were assigned into the RT group and 298 in the NRT group. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were compared between two groups using log-rank test. Nomogram prediction model was established, the survival differences were compared among different risk groups, and the radiotherapy benefit populations were screened. Results:Univariate analysis showed that the 5- and 8-year OS and DFS in the RT group were significantly better than those in the NRT group (both P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that age, tumor quadrant, number of lymph node metastases, T staging, and Ki-67 level were the independent prognostic factors for OS. Age, tumor quadrant, and T staging were the independent prognostic factors for DFS. The OS nomogram analysis showed that the OS of patients in the high-risk group was significantly improved by post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) ( P=0.001), while PMRT did not show an advantage in the low- and medium-risk groups ( P=0.057, P=0.099). The DFS nomogram analysis showed that DFS was significantly improved by PMRT in patients in the medium- and high-risk groups ( P=0.036, P=0.001), whereas the benefits from PMRT were not significant in the low-risk group ( P=0.475). Conclusions:For patients with pT 1-2N 1M 0 breast cancer after mastectomy, age ≤ 40 years, tumor located in the inner quadrant or central area, T 2 staging, 2-3 lymph node metastases, Ki-67>30% are the high-risk factors affecting clinical prognosis. The nomogram prediction model can screen the populations that can benefit from PMRT, providing reference for clinical decision-making.
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The clinical manifestation, physical and laboratory examination, electrophysiological, and imaging data of 2 female adult OMS patients with vertigo were analyzed at the Department of Neurology of the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from February 2021 to March 2022. The treatment strategy and clinical outcome were followed up. The two female patients were aged 42 and 66 years. Anti-NMDA receptor antibody and anti-GABAB receptor antibody were detected in serological screening, respectively. The two patients met the diagnostic criteria for OMS, and one was screened for breast tumor. The clinical symptoms of the two patients were relieved after immunomodulation therapy. OMS is a group of rare clinical syndromes; its clinical evaluation process should be standardized and the etiology should be actively searched for.
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This study aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory material basis and molecular mechanism of Artemisia stolonifera based on the analysis of the chemical components in different extracted fractions of A. stolonifera and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in combination with network pharmacology and molecular docking. Thirty-two chemical components were identified from A. stolonifera by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Among them, there were 7, 21 and 22 compounds in water, n-butanol and ethyl acetate fractions, respectively. The antio-xidant capacity of different extracted fractions was evaluated by measuring their scavenging ability against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl(DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)(ABTS) free radicals and total antioxidant capacity [ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP) assay]. The inflammatory model of RAW264.7 cells was induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS), and the levels of nitrite oxide(NO), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL-6) in the supernatant and the mRNA expression of related inflammatory factors in cells were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects. The results revealed that ethyl acetate fraction of A. stolonifera was the optimal antioxidant and anti-inflammatory fraction. By network pharmacology, it was found that flavonoids such as rhamnazin, eupatilin, jaceosidin, luteolin and nepetin could act on key targets such as TNF, serine/threonine protein kinase 1(AKT1), tumor protein p53(TP53), caspase-3(CASP3) and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR), and regulate the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-protein kinase B(PI3K-AKT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathways to exert the anti-inflammatory effects. Molecular docking further indicated excellent binding properties between the above core components and core targets. This study preliminarily clarified the anti-inflammatory material basis and mechanism of ethyl acetate fraction of A. stolonifera, providing a basis for the follow-up clinical application of A. stolonifera and drug development.
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Antioxidants/chemistry , Molecular Docking Simulation , Artemisia , Network Pharmacology , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology , Interleukin-6ABSTRACT
Objective: To estimate the incidence of metabolic syndrome and explore possible risk factors for metabolic syndrome in adults of rural communities in Yuhuan county, Zhejiang province, China. Methods: During June-December, 2018, a follow-up survey was conducted in participants without metabolic syndrome at baseline survey in 2012 to obtain the information collected in questionnaire survey, anthropometric data and laboratory data. The incidence of metabolic syndrome in the participants was estimated, and Logistic regression model was used to explore the risk factors, adjusted risk ratio (aRR) and 95%CI. Results: Among 3 162 participants, 522 new metabolic syndrome cases were identified. The 6-year cumulative incidence rate of metabolic syndrome was 16.5%, and the cumulative incidence rate was higher in women (20.6%) than that in men (12.3%, P<0.001). Those incidence rates were higher in those in jobless, smoking or drinking groups. Being women (aRR=1.96, 95%CI: 1.50-2.58) and family history of hypertension (aRR=1.31, 95%CI: 1.04-1.63) were independent risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: The follow up indicated that the incidence of metabolic syndrome was relatively high in rural adults on islands in Zhejiang, and women or those with family history of hypertension were more likely to have metabolic syndrome.
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Incidence , Islands , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Rural PopulationABSTRACT
Objective: To compare clinical efficacy between laparoscopic radical proximal gastrectomy with double-tract reconstruction (LPG-DTR) and laparoscopic radical total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction (LTG-RY) in patients with early upper gastric cancer, and to provide a reference for the selection of surgical methods in early upper gastric cancer. Methods: A retrospective cohort study method was carried out. Clinical data of 80 patients with early upper gastric cancer who underwent LPG-DTR or LTG-RY by the same surgical team at the Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2018 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into the DTR group (32 cases) and R-Y group (48 cases) according to surgical procedures and digestive tract reconstruction methods. Surgical and pathological characteristics, postoperative complications (short-term complications within 30 days after surgery and long-term complications after postoperative 30 days), survival time and nutritinal status were compared between the two groups. For nutritional status, reduction rate was used to represent the changes in total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, body mass, hemoglobin and vitamin B12 levels at postoperative 1-year and 2-year. Non-normally distributed continuous data were presented as median (interquartile range), and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between groups. The χ(2) test or Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of data between groups. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the ranked data between groups. The survival rate was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method categorical, and compared by using the log-rank test. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in baseline data betweeen the two groups, except that patients in the R-Y group were oldere and had larger tumor. Patients of both groups successfully completed the operation without conversion to laparotomy, combined organ resection, or perioperative death. There were no significant differences in the distance from proximal resection margin to superior margin of tumor, postoperative hospital stay, time to flatus and food-taking, hospitalization cost, short- and long-term complications between the two groups (all P>0.05). Compared with the R-Y group, the DTR group had shorter distal margins [(3.2±0.5) cm vs. (11.7±2.0) cm, t=-23.033, P<0.001], longer surgery time [232.5 (63.7) minutes vs. 185.0 (63.0) minutes, Z=-3.238, P=0.001], longer anastomosis time [62.5 (17.5) minutes vs. 40.0 (10.0) minutes, Z=-6.321, P<0.001], less intraoperative blood loss [(138.1±51.6) ml vs. (184.3±62.1) ml, t=-3.477, P=0.001], with significant differences (all P<0.05). The median follow-up of the whole group was 18 months, and the 2-year cancer-specific survival rate was 97.5%, with 100% in the DTR group and 95.8% in the R-Y group (P=0.373). Compared with R-Y group at postoperative 1 year, the reduction rate of weight, hemoglobin and vitamin B12 were lower in DTR group with significant differences (all P<0.05); at postoperative 2-year, the reduction rate of vitamin B12 was still lower with significant differences (P<0.001), but the reduction rates of total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, body weight and hemoglobin were similar between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions: LPG-DTR is safe and feasible in the treatment of early upper gastric cancer. The short-term postoperative nutritional status and long-term vitamin B12 levels of patients undergoing LPG-DTR are superior to those undergoing LTG-RY.
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Humans , Albumins , Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y/adverse effects , Cholesterol , Gastrectomy/methods , Hemoglobins , Laparoscopy/methods , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Retrospective Studies , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Treatment Outcome , Vitamin B 12ABSTRACT
Emodin nanostructured lipid carriers(ED-NLC) were prepared and their quality was evaluated in vitro. Based on the results of single-factor experiments, the ED-NLC formulation was optimized by Box-Behnken response surface method with the dosages of emodin, isopropyl myristate and poloxamer 188 as factors and the nanoparticle size, encapsulation efficiency and drug loading as evaluation indexes. Then the evaluation was performed on the morphology, size and in vitro release of the nanoparticles prepared by emulsification-ultrasonic dispersion method in line with the optimal formulation, i.e., 3.27 mg emodin, 148.68 mg isopropyl myristate and 173.48 mg poloxamer 188. Under a transmission electron microscope(TEM), ED-NLC were spherical and their particle size distribution was uniform. The particle size of ED-NLC was(97.02±1.55) nm, the polymer dispersion index 0.21±0.01, the zeta potential(-38.96±0.65) mV, the encapsulation efficiency 90.41%±0.56% and the drug loading 1.55%±0.01%. The results of differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) indicated that emodin may be encapsulated into the nanostructured lipid carriers in molecular or amorphous form. In vitro drug release had obvious characteristics of slow release, which accorded with the first-order drug release equation. The fitting model of Box-Behnken response surface methodology was proved accurate and reliable. The optimal formulation-based ED-NLC featured concentrated particle size distribution and high encapsulation efficiency, which laid a foundation for the follow-up study of ED-NLC in vivo.
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Drug Carriers , Emodin , Follow-Up Studies , Lipids , NanostructuresABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the status quo and existing problems of radiation protection for veterinary X-ray facilitiesin Beijing-Tianjin region, China, and to provide a basis for improving radiation protection management level. Methods According to the requirements of the Technical guidelines for status quo assessment of occupational hazard of the employing unit (AQ/T 4270—2015), the study performed status quo assessment on the workplaces of veterinary X-ray facilities in 16 pet hospitals in Beijing-Tianjin region, and comprehensively analyzed the impact of the workplaces on the health of radiation workers and the public. Results In terms of personnel management, the pass rates of occupational health management post setting, personnel training, personal protective equipment, individual monitoring of occupational external exposure, notification of occupational hazards, and occupational health surveillance were 100%, 81.3%, 100%, 75%, 37.5%, and 25%, respectively. In terms of workplace management, most workplaces had reasonable layout and zoning and complete protection and emergency devices. However, there were some problems in some places, such as non-standard radiation warning signs, no notice board of occupational hazards, and no radiation protection testing. In terms of document management, all institutions had imperfect system documents. Conclusion The workplaces of veterinary X-ray facilities in 16 institutions basically meet the requirements for radiation protection, but there are also some problems, such as inadequate management of personnel and workplace radiation protection, and imperfect system documents. Institutions should strengthen the study of radiation protection knowledge. The competent authorities should strengthen supervision, formulate corresponding standards for radiation protection, enhance training, and improve the professional level of staff.
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【Objective】 To investigate the unqualified rate of anti-HIV detection of blood screening laboratories in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and explore the differences in anti-HIV detection ability and influencing factors in each laboratory. 【Methods】 Through filling questionnaires via e-mail, the anti-HIV ELISA unqualified rate and confirmed (WB) positive results (data) from January to December 2018 from 15 blood screening laboratories in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region were collected. Our laboratory was responsible for data collection and confirmation, and statistics software SPSS22.0 was used for analysis. 【Results】 1) There was a statistically significant difference among the unqualified rate of anti-HIV ELISA(6.77‱~35.71‱) and confirmed positive rate(0.60‱~3.56‱) in 15 blood screening laboratories in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region (P<0.05); 2) There were significant differencse among the ELISA unqualified rate and the confirmed positive rate of 8 reagents for anti-HIV detection(P<0.01), and the sensitivity of the 4th generation detection reagent and the imported reagent was higher than that of the 3rd generation reagent and the domestic reagent. The anti-HIV ELISA unqualified rate of R5 was the highest (19.08‱). 3)There were significant differences in the anti-HIV ELISA unqualified rate of R1, R2, R3, R5 and R7 reagents among different blood station laboratories(P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in the anti-HIV ELISA unqualified rate of R4, R6 and R8 reagents among different blood station laboratories(P>0.05). 4)The unqualified rate of anti-HIV ELISA of laboratories using different regents showed significant differences(P<0.05), except H, J, M. The unqualified rate of imported reagent was significantly higher than that of domestic reagents of laboratories using imported and domestic reagents combinations(P<0.05), except O. 62.5% (5/8) laboratories using domestic 3rd and 4th generation reagent combination showed significant differences in the unqualified rates among different reagents(P<0.05); 5) The positive rate of single-reagent(62.02%~95.45%)in 15 blood screening laboratories showed significant difference(P<0.001), and A was the lowest (62.02%). 【Conclusion】 The anti-HIV detection ability among 15 blood screening laboratories in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is quite different. The application of different reagents is the main factor for the difference, and other factors such as personnel, instruments and test strategies also has a great impact on the detection of anti-HIV. It is still necessary to promote the process of homogenization of blood testing quality among blood screening laboratories in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.
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We aimed to confirm the predictive ability of the presence of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) for prognosis and the associations between IDC-P and clinicopathological parameters. Studies were identified in PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, and SCOPUS up to December 1, 2019. Hazard ratios (HRs) for survival data and odds ratios for clinicopathological data with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted. Heterogeneity was evaluated by the I
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Objective:To investigate the association between sleep quality and the risk of acute exacerbation in mild and moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in Pudong New Area of Shanghai. Methods:This was a prospective study involving eligible mild and moderate COPD patients from 10 communities randomly selected in Pudong New District of Shanghai. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic characteristics, clinical information and information on acute exacerbation. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in Chinese. Multiple negative binomial regression was used to estimate the association between sleep quality and risk of exacerbation. Results:Altogether 212 mild/moderate COPD patients participated and completed the entire survey, of whom the majority (95.8%) were mild COPD patients, 110 persons female and over half (54.2%) over 65 years old. 32.9% of the patients had poorer sleep quality at baseline. 18.9% of the patients reported exacerbation over the past year during follow-ups. Multiple negative binomial regression suggested that increased PSQI was related to higher risk of exacerbation (RRad=1.12, 95%CI:1.02-1.24), and patients with poorer sleep efficiency had a higher risk of exacerbation (RRad=1.66, 95%CI:1.17-5.43). Conclusion:Poorer sleep quality is associated with a higher risk of exacerbation in community mild/moderate COPD patients, especially in those with problem of sleep efficiency. More attention to sleep disorders is warranted in community management or self-management of patients with COPD.
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Objective:To make a retrospective analysis on malaria epidemic history and control efforts in Deqing County from 1951 to 2015, and so as to provide a scientific basis for further consolidating the achievements after malaria elimination. Methods:Data on the epidemic, monitoring, prevention and control of malaria in Deqing from 1951 to 2015 were collected and analyzed by the method of descriptive research. Results:Totally 123 000 cases of malaria were reported in Deqing County from 1951 to 2015, and the annual average incidence was 529.61/100 000. There were 49 deaths with the mortality rate of 39.84/100 000. The epidemic peaked in 1960-1964 and reached its highest in 1963 with 21 942 cases and an incidence of 7825.25/100 000. After decades of the comprehensive prevention and control, eliminating malaria was accomplished in Deqing County in 2015. Conclusion:The prevention and control strategies/measures of malaria in different stages in Deqing County are effective. However, monitoring, health education and management for the migrant population, especial the returning workers from high-risk areas of malaria, should be further strengthened.
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The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since December 2019 is a severe public health emergency, which seriously affected the daily life of the public at home and abroad. This review summarized the public knowledge, behavior and psychological status in public health emergencies, analyzed the possible influence factors and mechanisms, and suggested some possible intervention strategies.
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Objective To compare the framework of immunization programme and management of vaccine distributionin in China and some Asian countries, and further improve the immunization policy in China. Methods Using literature review, we compared the current status of immunization programme and vaccine distribution in China, Japan, Thailand, and Vietnam. Results Vaccine distribution has its own characteristics among Asian countries. Japan started early with a complete supervision system and compensation system. Thailand and Vietnam have also formed an efficient and complete cold chain transportation mode after implementing Expanded Programme on Immunization. Conclusion China can refer to the typical framework of immunization and experience of vaccine distributionfromsome Asian countries, which may improve vaccine accessand production links, standardize vaccine circulation market, and establish an efficient vaccine supervision and traceability system.
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Objective:To investigate the association of alcohol drinking and the incident risk of type 2 diabetes in men and to provide evidences for early prevention of diabetes. Methods:Rural adult males without diabetes in Deqing County, Zhejiang Province were enrolled. A dynamic prospective cohort study was conducted. Data were collected through questionnaires, physical examination, experimental measurements and a electronic follow-up database. Cox multivariate regression was performed to assess the association of alcohol drinking and the incident risk of type 2 diabetes in men. Results:During the follow-up period (7.15±2.90 years), 354 men developed diabetes, and the incidence rate was 4.15/1 000 person-years. After adjusting for confounding factors, the incident risk of type 2 diabetes among the men with high alcohol drinking frequency (≥7 times/week) and low single alcohol intake (0.1-19.9 g/occasion) was lower than that among non-alcohol drinkers, and the value of HR (95%CI) was 0.72 (0.56-0.94) and 0.54 (0.30-0.99), respectively. Consumption of ≥40.0 g alcohol per occasion 3-6 times a week increased the incidence of type 2 diabetes, and consumption of <40.0 g alcohol per occasion over 7 times a week decreased the incidence of type 2 diabetes, with the value of HR (95%CI) of 1.53 (1.02-2.30) and 0.52 (0.28-0.99) respectively. Conclusion:Different alcohol drinking patterns affect the incident risk of type 2 diabetes among rural adult males in Deqing County. Further study on alcohol drinking and diabetes may have ethical and practical significance for the prevention and control of diabetes in rural China.
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Objective:To find out predictors of the testicular ischemia caused by incarcerated inguinal hernia and evaluate the ischemic injury of the testis more accurately, which can indicate testicle exploration in time or prevent unnecessary testicle exploration.Methods:Pediatric patients (median: 9 months) undergoing operation of unilateral incarcerated inguinal hernia and ipsilateral testicular exploration from 1 Jul. 2013 to 30 Jun. 2019 were retrospectively investigated. Age at surgery, incarcerate duration, degree of intestinal and testicular injury, times of manual reduction and preoperative ultrasound data were collected. Statistical analysis was performed by SAS 9.4 (Copyright ? 2016 SAS Institute Inc.Cary, NC, USA) .Results:460 patients (median: 9 months) , of which 57 (12.39%) (median: 1.4 months, interquartile range 0.8-10.7 months) had severe testicular injury, and their average incarceration time was (23.9±9.3) h. Univariate logistic regression revealed that increased times of manual reduction, ultrasound scores, incarcerate duration and degree of intestinal injury were positively correlated with the degree of testicular ischemia, while age at surgery was negatively correlated with the degree of testicular ischemia ( P<0.05) . A model for calculating the probability of severe testicular ischemia injury was established: P= through multivariate analysis with backward stepwise logistic regression and 10-fold cross-validation was used for preliminary verification of the model. Conclusion:This study provides a relative reliable model to predict the risk of irreversible testicular ischemia due to incarcerated inguinal hernia using readily available clinical characteristics in young pediatrics with testicular ischemia.
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Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in China, and its pathogenesis is complex. At present, there is no good method for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. However, studies have shown that microRNA (miRNA) has abnormal expression in gastric cancer, which participates in the regulation of gastric cancer related genes, and has an impact on the occurrence, development, diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. This paper aims to review the relationship between miRNA and the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer, as well as the drug resistance in the treatment, so as to lay the foundation for the follow-up research and clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Objective: To evaluate the 4-year clinical outcomes of patients following Firesorb bioresorbable scaffold (BRS) implantation. Methods: The study reported the 4-year follow-up results of the FUTURE I study. FUTURE I was a prospective, single-center, open-label, first-in-man study which evaluated the feasibility, preliminary safety, and efficacy of Firesorb stent in the treatment of coronary artery stenosis. A total of 45 patients with single de novo lesions in native coronary arteries ,who hospitalized in Fuwai Hospital from January to March 2016 were enrolled. After successfully stent implantation these patients were randomized in a 2∶1 ratio into cohort 1 (n=30) or cohort 2 (n=15). The patients in cohort 1 underwent angiographic, IVUS or OCT examination at 6 months and 2 years; and cohort 2 underwent angiographic, IVUS or OCT at 1 and 3 years. All patients underwent clinical follow-up at 1, 6 months and 1 year and annually thereafter up to 5 years. The primary endpoint was target lesion failure (TLF, including cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, and ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization). Secondary endpoints included patient-oriented composite endpoint (PoCE, defined as composite of all death, all miocardial infarction, or any revascularization). Results: A total of 45 patients were enrolled and implanted with Firesorb BRS, including 35 males (77.8%), and the age was (54.4±9.3) years. At 4 years, 10 patients in cohort 1 were reexamined by coronary angiography and OCT examination. Among them, 2 patients' stents were completely degraded and absorbed. Compared with the OCT images of the other 8 patients in cohort 2 at 3 years, the degree of stent degradation was increased, and no stent adherence was found. The 4-year clinical follow-up rate was 100%. In 4-year clinical following up, 2 patients suffered PoCE (4.4%): 1 patient underwent non-target vessel revascularization the day after index procedure and target vessel revascularization (Non-target lesion revascularization) at 2-year imaging follow-up; the other patient underwent target lesion revascularization during imaging follow-up at 4 years but not due to ischemic driven. There was no scaffold thrombosis or TLF events through 4 years. Conclusions: Four years after the implantation, complete degradation and absorption of the Firsorb stent are evidenced in some patients. Firesorb stent is feasible and effective in the treatment of patients with non-complex coronary lesions.
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Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Absorbable Implants , Cardiovascular Agents , Coronary Artery Disease/surgery , Drug-Eluting Stents , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention , Prospective Studies , Sirolimus , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Allergic transfusion reaction (ATR) caused by plasma transfusion is one of the main adverse transfusion reactions, and severe allergic reactions may even endanger the patient's life. Currently, ATR is mainly prevented and controlled by drug prevention and symptomatic treatment, and there still lack of preventive measures such as in vitro experiments. It has been shown that mast cells and basophils are the main effector cells of allergic reactions, and histamine is one of the main mediators of IgE-mediated allergic reactions. Some experiments can be used to identify patients with allergies or plasma components containing allergens, such as detection of serum-specific IgE, IgA, anti-IgA antibody, tryptase and histamine, mast cell degranulation test, basophil activation test, and so on. The basophil activation test can also be used for functional matching of plasma in vitro. Research of in vitro experiment of ATR is good for directing the precise infusion of plasma, reducing waste of resources, and avoiding the risk of blood transfusion. As a pre-transfusion laboratory test for clinical use, in vitro experiment of functional matching provides a new way to prevent ATR.
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Humans , Blood Component Transfusion , Blood Transfusion , Hypersensitivity , Plasma , Transfusion ReactionABSTRACT
Most of serious vaccine-related adverse events in China are believed to be due to the poor management of vaccine cold chain delivery.It is an urgent need to strengthen the vaccine management system.To obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the management of vaccine cold chain delivery, including practical experience in specific regions and its supervision, we reviewed the documents/guidelines/literature, published by the WHO, GAVI and UNICEF in recent ten years, on vaccine cold chain delivery.The current study serves a good reference for the regulation, policy formulation and optimization of vaccine management.
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Chinese medicinal material is the foundation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) industry. Its quality is not only closely related to the health of residents but also the key to the development of the TCM industry. Pesticide residues, heavy metals and mycotoxins are the major pollutants of Chinese medicinal materials. In recent years, quite a number of rapid detection methods for pollutants have been constructed. Among them, surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS), which has been widely used in food chemistry, environmental analysis, and other fields because of its speediness and non-destructiveness, shows its great potential in the pollutant detection in Chinese medicinal material. This paper firstly reviews the application of SERS for the detection of common pollutants in Chinese medicinal material. We then discussed the characteristics and advantages of SERS technique for pesticide detection, including the principle, SERS substrate design, specific recognition, etc. Finally, simultaneous detection of multiple pesticide residues in Chinese medicinal material was explored.