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Objective To investigate effects of human postures on flow characteristics of iliac vein compression syndrome. Methods The numerical model of iliac vein was reconstructed from CT images of a typical patient with pelvic-type iliac vein compression syndrome with collateral veins. Based on the computational fluid dynamics method, the non-Newtonian model and the porous media model were adopted to describe effects of abnormal structures on blood flow and acquire the wall shear stress and pressure of iliac vein. The discrete phase model was used to study the residence conditions of erythrocytes under three human postures. Results The pressure gradient at two ends of the compressive region was lowest under lying state, while the iliac vein showed a high pressure under sitting and walking states. The local maximum wall shear stresses under three postures were found at narrow segment of the collateral vein and convergence region of two flows of right iliac vein. The maximum shear stress was largest under lying state and smallest under sitting state. The blood residence time of 52.2 s in the left iliac vein was the longest under sitting state. The residence time of 14.8 s was shortest under lying state. The blood residence time was 23.8 s under walking state. Conclusions Porous media model used to simulate the effect of abnormal structures was highly consistent with the angiography data. The venous hypertension under sitting and walking states was consistent with the clinical results, and the lying state could relieve the hypertensive condition. In terms of wall shear stress and blood residence time in iliac vein, the continual change between three human postures would cause endothelial damage and blood flow stasis alternately, thus increase the risk of thrombosis.
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Objective To investigate the effect of different concentrations of Echinococcus multilocularis secretion antigen (Em-sAg) on the phenotype and function of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods The bone marrow precursor cells isolated from the mouse bone marrow cavity were stimulated by mouse recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to form BMDCs, and then cell morphology was observed under an inverted microscope. After the purity of BMDCs was identified by flow cytometry, BMDCs were divided into control group, positive control group (LPS 1 μg/ml), LPS+3 mg/ml Em-sAg group, LPS+1.5 mg/ml Em-sAg group, LPS+0.75 mg/ml Em-sAg group, and LPS+0.375 mg/ml Em-sAg group. Flow cytometry was used to measure the expression of BMDC surface molecules (CD80, CD86, and MHC-Ⅱ molecules) in each group, and ELISA was used to measure the expression level of the cytokine IL-12p70. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups, and the least significant difference t -test was used for further comparison between two groups. Results Observation under an inverted microscope showed that after 8-10 days of culture, the cells had burr-like protrusions and were in a state of complete suspension. Flow cytometry showed that the positive rate of CD11c was above 70% and most of the cultured cells were identified as BMDCs based on this. Flow cytometry further showed that compared with the control group, the LPS group had significant increases in the cell molecules CD80, CD86, and MHC-Ⅱ on surface (all P 0.05). ELISA showed that there was a significant difference in the level of IL-12 p70 between groups ( F =73.140, P < 0.05); compared with the control group, the LPS group had a significant increase in the expression level of IL-12p70 after stimulation ( P < 0.05); compared with the positive control group, the LPS+3 mg/ml Em-sAg group, the LPS+1.5 mg/ml Em-sAg group, the LPS+0.75 mg/ml Em-sAg group, and the LPS+0.375 mg/ml Em-sAg group had a significant reduction in the expression level of IL-12p70 ( P < 0.05), and the degree of reduction in the pro-inflammatory factor IL-12p70 increased with the increase in the concentration of Em-sAg. Conclusion Different concentrations of Em-sAg can inhibit LPS-induced maturity of BMDCs and the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-12p70.
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Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of Heweishupiyin decoction in the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD) in elderly patients with liver stagnation and spleen deficiency.Methods:A randomized controlled method was performed in this study, and 70 FD patients were selected from February 2018 to June 2019 in accordance with the inclusion criteria.The patients were divided into the observation group and the control group according to the random digital table method, with 35 cases in each group.The observation group was treated with Heweishupiyin decoction, the control group was given mosapride citrate tablets.The period of treatment was 4 weeks.The changes of total symptom scores, TCM syndrome evaluation, electrogastrogram (EGG) parameters, serum serotonin, and Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) scores before and after treatment were recorded.The statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Heweishupiyin decoction.Results:After treatment, the overall symptom scores in both two groups were decreased.The overall symptom score of the observation group after treatment[(8.03±4.23)points] was lower than that of the control group[(10.36±4.67)points], and the difference was statistically significant( t=2.145, P<0.05). The overall efficacy of TCM symptoms of the observation group was 88.2% (30/35), which was significantly higher than 72.8% (24/35) of the control group ( Z=-2.473, P<0.05). After treatment, the EGG parameters of two groups had different degrees of increase, the main frequency of the observation group after meal[(3.39±0.34)cpm] was higher than that of the control group[(3.18±0.36)cpm], the difference was statistically significant( t=-2.202, P<0.05). The percentage of normal slow wave in the observation group[(68.91±4.79)%] was higher than that in the control group[(66.33±3.00)%], and the difference was statistically significant( t=-2.549, P<0.05). The reaction area of the observation group[(99.09±13.58)μV/s] was higher than that of the control group[(90.27±14.70)μV/s], and the difference was statistically significant( t=-2.390, P<0.05). After 4 weeks of treatment, the HAMD score of the observation group[(14.94±2.42)points] was lower than that of the control group[(16.94±4.29)points], and the difference was statistically significant( t=2.355, P<0.05). The serum level of serotonin after treatment in the observation group[(110.46±16.69)μmol/L] was higher than that in the control group[(99.04±19.86)μmol/L], the difference was statistically significant( t=-2.551, P<0.05). Conclusion:Heweishupiyin decoction is superior to mosapride citrate tablets in improving the overall symptomatic efficacy and TCM syndrome efficacy of FD patients with liver stagnation and spleen deficiency.Heweishupiyin not only can improve the depression state of FD in the elderly, but also has the effect of improving the gastric electrical rhythm disorder, which may be related to the regulation of serum serotonin levels.
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Purpose@#Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are naturally resistant to chemotherapy, explaining why tumorrelapse frequently occurs after initial regression upon administration of chemotherapeuticagents in most cases. A CSC population characterized by CD13 expression has been identifiedin hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the current study, we aimed to clarify the molecularmechanism by which it escapes conventional therapies. @*Materials and Methods@#Here, we used flow cytometry to examine the percentage of CD13+ CSCs in HepG2 andHuH7 cells after chemotherapy. Using in vitro isotope labeling technique, we comparedmetabolic pathways between CD13+ and CD13– subpopulations. Using co-immunoprecipitationand western blotting, we determined the target expressions in protein levels underdifferent conditions. We also performed immunohistochemistry to detect the target proteinsunder different conditions. Animal models were constructed to verify the potential role oftyrosine metabolism in post-chemotherapeutic relapse in vivo. @*Results@#We observed that quiescent CD13+ CSCs are enriched after chemotherapy in HCCs, andserve as a reservoir for recurrence. Mechanistically, CD13+ CSCs were dependent on aerobicmetabolism of tyrosine rather than glucose as energy source. Tyrosine metabolism alsogenerated nuclear acetyl-CoA to acetylate and stabilize Foxd3, thereby allowing CD13+ CSCscells to sustain quiescence and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. @*Conclusion@#These findings encourage further exploration of eliminating CD13+ cells by targeting specificmetabolic pathways to prevent recurrence in HCCs.
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Objective The aim of this study was to explore the values of IHP standard visual judgment,deauville(5-porint scoring and 5-PS)and maximum standard uptake rate(△SUVmax)image methods in the evaluation of early-and mid-term sensi-tivity determination and prognosis in malignant lymphoma patients. Methods A total of 51 patients with lymphoma who met the in-clusion criteria were selected for retrospectively analyses. PET/CT images of patients were analyzed by IHP standard visual judgment and deauville five-point methods. The△SUVmax value of the patient in the early and middle stages of treatment was calculated be-fore treatment, and the optimal cut-off value of PET/CT for early- and mid-term sensitivity determination and prognosis of evalu-ation△SUVmax was obtained by ROC curve. The differences between the diagnostic efficiencies of three methods were compared. The Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression model were used for univariate and multivariate analyses. Results The results of ROC curve analysis showed that PET/CT had the best diagnostic efficiency when△SUVmax was 56. 95% . IHP stand-ard visual judgment,deauville quintile and△SUVmax methods could obtain high sensitivity and negative predictive values for the ear-ly-term treatment of lymphoma treatment. The positive predictive values and accuracy of △SUVmax method were higher than other two methods. Conclusion IHP standard visual judgment,deauville 5,and △SUVmax have high clinical values in the evaluation of early and middle stage of lymphoma treatment and prognosis. They can be used as independent risk factors for prognosis.