ABSTRACT
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are highly conserved immune cells that could participate in innate and adaptive immune responses after being activated by major histocompatibility complex class 1-related molecule (MR1) pathway or cytokine pathway. At present, it has been confirmed that a large number of MAIT cells exist in human peripheral blood and specific tissues, and play an important role in infectious diseases. This review focused on the role of MAIT cells in immune responses to different pathogens. Additionally, the therapeutic methods and challenges of targeting MAIT cells in infectious diseases were also discussed.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To test the effect of bifunctional molecule IL2-GMCSF in promoting the activation of dendritic cells (DCs) cultured in tumor conditioned medium.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We prepared a tumor conditioned medium using mouse melanoma cell line B16F10 supplemented with IL2-GMCSF, GM-CSF, IL-2, or the combination of the latter two. After culturing mouse DC cell line DC2.4 in the conditioned medium for 24 h, the DCs were examined for phagocytosis, proliferation, maturation phenotype, cytokine secretion, and signal pathway activation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>DC2.4 cells displayed characteristics of immature DCs. After cell culture in the conditioned medium, the cells showed enhanced phagocytosis but significantly suppressed cell proliferation activity. Culture in the conditioned medium also promoted DC cell maturation and secretion of macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), but inhibited IL-12 secretion. Supplementation of the conditioned medium with IL2-GMCSF promoted phagocytosis, proliferation, maturation, and cytokine (including both IL-12 and MDC) secretion of DC2.4 cells. Compared with GM-CSF, IL2-GMCSF induced a higher level of NF-κB signal pathway activation but suppressed STAT3 activation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with GM-CSF, IL2-GMCSF can better promote DC activation in the context of tumor-induced immune suppression, and thus shows potentials in anti-tumor therapy.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Cell Differentiation , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Chemokine CCL22 , Metabolism , Culture Media, Conditioned , Chemistry , Dendritic Cells , Cell Biology , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor , Pharmacology , Immune Tolerance , Interleukin-12 , Metabolism , Interleukin-2 , Pharmacology , Melanoma, Experimental , Pathology , NF-kappa B , Metabolism , Phagocytosis , STAT3 Transcription Factor , Metabolism , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
This paper introduces the configuration, classification, present status and trend of invasive blood pressure sensor.