ABSTRACT
Background: Worldwide, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the one of the leading cause of chronic morbidity and mortality. COPD is one of the diseases in which smoking is the common and important risk factor when it is associated with Metabolic syndrome (MetS). The individual components of MetS, i.e., obesity, dyslipidemia, fasting hyperglycaemia, and hypertension were independently associated with impairment of lung function too. The objective of this study is to find out the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among COPD patients.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in department of Respiratory Diseases and a total of 70 COPD patients were included in the study, which were enrolled for treatment from July 2016 to July 2017. The severity level in patients with COPD were determined according to GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease), 2015 guideline. International Diabetes Federation (IDF) guideline; (2005) was used in diagnosis of metabolic syndrome.Results: Seventy patients with COPD were enrolled during the study period. There were 45 males (64.2%) and 25(35.7%) females. Mean age of male patients was 58.67±9.87 years, while mean age of female patients was 57.23±10.4 years (35-87 years). Mean BMI of male was 24.33±6.64 kg/m2, while in case of female it was 30.07±6.95 kg/m2 and overall mean BMI of study population was 26.22±7.22 kg/m2. The mean waist circumference of male was 86.91±13.31 cm while in female it was 87.18±14.51 cm. The Overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 31.34% and most common in GOLD stage-3 (47.06%), followed by stage-2 (40%), followed by stage-4 (25.71%) and 7.4 % in GOLD stage -1.Conclusions: The presence of metabolic syndrome is common in patients with COPD and, all COPD patients should be considered for screening for it.
ABSTRACT
Background: Whenever there is damage to the tissue or inflammatory process, the hepatocytes synthesize a protein which is an acute phase reactant, and this is the C reactive protein. Studies have shown that serum C reactive protein levels are usually elevated during acute exacerbations of COPD. The objective of this study was studying the baseline serum C reactive protein levels in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods: During the study period, 90 subjects were studied. Out of them, 47 had stable COPD and 43 were without COPD. The subjects were either admitted in indoor wards or were attending OPD of department of tuberculosis and respiratory diseases, Dr. Murari Lal Chest Hospital, G.S.V.M Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, and were recruited if they fulfilled the criteria for inclusion. Informed consent was taken from all study subjects and the study protocol was approved by the board of faculty of medicine.Results: Of the 47 patients in the stable COPD group, 23 were found to be active smokers. Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed that lower limit of serum CRP levels were significantly negatively correlating with 6 MWD (r= -0.707; p=0.0001), FEV1% (r=-0.635; p=0.0001), PaO2 (r=-0.592; p=0.0001), and BMI (r= -0.534; p=0.0001). Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed that upper limit of serum CRP levels were significantly negatively correlating with 6 MWD (r= -0.707; p=0.0001), FEV1% (r= -0.633; p=0.0001), PaO2 (r= -0.61; p=0.001) and BMI (r= -0.520; p=0.0001).Conclusions: The circulating levels of inflammatory marker, baseline serum CRP are significantly elevated in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease