ABSTRACT
Background: Malignancy of breast is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Molecular organisation of breast cancer is considered as better predictive factor for diagnosis and treatment. The present study was done with the aim to find out clinicopathological characterization and correlation of breast tumor with receptor status progesterone (PR), estrogen (ER) and human epidermal receptor protein-2/neu status (HER-2/neu).Methods: This was a prospective study done on 50 patients with breast carcinoma. The expression patterns of PR, ER and HER-2/NEU were studied. Clinical features, pathologic features such as age of the patient, tumour size, grade, and lymph node status and their correlation with receptors were compared.Results: Of the 50 patients, ER positivity was seen in 42% cases, PR positivity in 32% and HER-2/neu (3+) in 30% cases. Majority of grade I tumors were ER and PR positive and majority of grade III tumors were triple negative. Triple negative profile was seen in secretory carcinoma. ER, PR and HER2 status was not significantly associated with age of the patients and tumour size. The immunohistochemical types ER/PR +ve Her2neu +ve and ER/PR -ve Her2neu -ve are significantly related to grading of tumours.Conclusions: From the results, it was concluded that ER, PR and HER-2 status correlates well with histopathological grading. These results highlight the fact that molecular subtypes correlate with diagnosis and aid in targeted therapy.
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Background: Polyhydramnios is the term for abnormalincrease in the amniotic fluid. With better facilities for detailedinvestigation of mother and fetus, more causative factors canbe identified and this helps in the counseling of parentsregarding etiology of polyhydramnios, fetal prognosis,recurrence risk and different management options for the babyif it needs medical & surgical care after birth. The aim of thisstudy to find out the perinatal and maternal outcome in patientswith polyhydramnios.Material & Methods: This is a prospective study done on 100unselected pregnancies attending the antenatal clinic inDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology department of RNTMedical College Udaipur. All patients attending ANC wereasked to participate at the time of booking (between 16 to 20weeks gestation) and were subjected to USG to rule outcongenital anomalies. We than investigated the relative risks ofthese events to adverse perinatal outcome by adjusting thevariants.Results: In our study, there were 30% preterm deliveries, 4%cases have small for gestational age babies, 5% had large forgestational age babies, 10% had meconium for which they hademergency caesarean section, 16% cases were admitted inNICU , for respiratory distress syndrome and prematurity. 45%of the patient had anemia, 12% were Rh negative while 43%had no associated abnormality. There were many perinatalcomplications. Out of them preterm birth was the mostcommon complication.Conclusion: We concluded that PPROM, Preterm labor andPPH were the major maternal complications during pregnancy.Polyhydramnios is associated with high perinatal mortality rate
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Acute pancreatitis is a life threateninginflammatory disease with high morbidity and mortality.Multiple markers are used to predict severity of pancreatitis.An effective marker would help greatly in early diagnosis ofdisease severity and thus help in timely treatment.The presentstudy attempted to evaluate blood platelet levels as a markerfor assessing the severity of acute pancreatitis.Material and methods:37 patients with acute pancreatitisadmitted in Department of Surgery IGMC Shimla wereincluded in the study after taking informed consent. Patientswere evaluated and diagnosed with acute pancreatits usingblood investigation (serum amylase) as well as imagingmodalilities(ultrasound and contrast enhanced CT scan).Patients blood platelets level were compared on day 1 and day5 of admission in mild and severe pancreatitis patients.Resultswere then analysed statistically.Results: On statistical analysis a platelet count of ≤ 150 m/mm3 was found to be statistically significant on both day 1(p=0.008)) and day 5 (p=0.001) of admission between patientswith mild and severe pancreatitis.Conclusion: Platelets level can function as a cost effectivegood prognostic marker for assessing severity of pancreatitis
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Background: Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT) has demonstrated good reliability and validity as an assessment for exercise tolerance for moderate to severe COPD. 6MWD is a known to be a preferred outcome for this test; however, it does not account for differences in body weight that are known to influence exercise capacity. Aim of current study was to correlate of distance product (6MWWORK) with various variables in study group of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Methods: Sixty patients of diagnosed COPD underwent pulmonary function test and 6MWT. Correlation coefficients were calculated for the 6-Min Walk Distance (6MWD) and 6MWORK with variables of pulmonary function and 6MWT. Results: The mean of 6MWD was 312.0 ± 21.2 meters and mean 6MWWORK was 31246 ± 2414 kg.m in the study population. 6MWD significantly correlated with age (r = 0.25), height (r = 0.42), body mass index (r = -0.32) and body weight (r = 0.48). 6MWORK yielded higher correlation coefficients than did 6MWD when correlated with FEV (r = 0.66 vs. 0.35), FEV1/FVC ratio (-0.46 vs. -0.24). The ROC curve demonstrated that 6MWORK had a significantly larger calculated area under the curve (P <0.05) than 6MWD with FEV1. Conclusion: 6MWWORK is an improved outcome of 6MWT to monitor functional capacity in patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.