ABSTRACT
Cancer is a major cause of deaths in humans. Though there has been significant progress in cancer therapy, the limited efficacy and toxicities of current chemo- and radiotherapies have provided an impetus for the search of new therapeutics. A therapeutic approach, which uses viruses for the treatment of cancer termed, oncolytic virotherapy has recently emerged. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one such virus with an inherent oncolytic property. NDV causes a highly infectious disease in poultry worldwide. In humans it is reported to have oncolytic and immuno-stimulatory effects. It specifically replicates in tumour cells while sparing normal cells and cause oncolysis. For many years different strains of the NDV have been investigated for treatment of various human cancers. Recent advances in reverse genetics provided investigators the tools to produce recombinant NDV with improved oncolytic property.
Subject(s)
Animals , Apoptosis , Humans , Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasms/therapy , Newcastle disease virus/genetics , Newcastle disease virus/physiology , Oncolytic Virotherapy/methods , Oncolytic Viruses/genetics , Oncolytic Viruses/physiologyABSTRACT
Effect of methyl carbonate pesticide, carbonyl, was studied on macrophage functions, lymphocyte proliferation and delayed type hypersensitivity response. Sixteen adult chicken, vaccinated against Newcaslte disease, were procured and randomly divided in two experimental groups. Chicken of group I served as control, while group II birds were given carbaryl at 20 ppm (No observable effect level, NOEL) in feed for 3 months. To measure the functional activity of phagocytic cells, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test was performed on peripheral blood leucocytes. Concanvalin A (Con-A) and lipopolysaccharide stimulated proliferation of T and B lymphocytes was assessed using MTT dye method. At the end of experiment, the phagocytic capacities of macrophages were significantly reduced in carbaryl treated group. Lymphocyte proliferation responses to Con-A and LPS were (23 and 28%, respectively lower) in chicken fed with carbaryl. Delayed hypersensitivity reaction to tuberculin was reduced to 77% of control values indicating inhibition of cell mediated immune response. The present study suggested of immunosuppressive effect of (NOEL dose carbaryl) in chicken.
Subject(s)
Animals , Carbaryl/toxicity , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Chickens/immunology , Hypersensitivity/pathology , Leukocyte Count , Leukocytes/drug effects , Macrophages/drug effectsABSTRACT
Doce amino ácidos de Bothriocephalus teleostei (Malhotra, 1984) se describen utilizando la técnica de la cromatofotografía. También se describen las diferencias de concentración y distribución de amino ácidos en cestodes Pseudophyllidea, Tetraphyllides, Trypanorhyncha y Cyclophyllidea
Subject(s)
Animals , Amino Acids/analysis , Cestoda/analysisABSTRACT
La infección por el cestode Bothriocephalus teleostei (Malhotra, 1984) en teleósteos de aguas corrientes montañosas se ha presentado como un fenómeno asociado a la temperatura acuática. El cestode fue más prevalente en las épocas de comienzos de primavera y verano que en la época invernal, durante el período de 24 meses que duró el estudio (1979-1981)