Anti-plaque And Anti-gingivitis Agents In The Control Of Supragingival Plaque

This review considers the main agents which have been used as anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis agents in mouthwashes and other vehicles to inhibit the growth of supragingival plaque. The agents are classified into first generation, second generation and third generation agents. Bisguanide antiseptics, hexetidine, povidone iodine, triclosan, delmopinol, salifluor, metal ions, sanguinarine, propolis and oxygenating agents are included. The anti-plaque and antigingivitis properties of these agents are considered along with their substantivity, safety and possible clinical usefulness. A number of product forms are available to deliver anti-plaque agents (i.e., mouthrinses, dentrifices, aqueous gels, chewing gum and lozenges) and should facilitate optimal bioavailability at the site of action and patient compliance.

Root Biomodification

Periodontitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of tooth supporting tissues. Repair and regeneration remains a major goal of periodontal treatment. Critical events in periodontal regeneration involves cementogenesis and the attachment of new connective tissue to the root surface varying results from clinical and histological studies have created controversies about the clinical effectiveness of root surface decalcification. The current review focuses on the insight into the present scenario of root biomodification in clinical conditions along with a overview of related studies

Nutrition And Periodontal Disease

Periodontal health is influenced by a number of factors such as oral hygiene, systemic health, and nutrition. Many studies have observed that a balanced diet has an essential role in maintaining periodontal health. Nutrition is one of the bendable factors that impact host’s immune response and the integrity of soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity. The role of diet in the development and progression of periodontal disease, however, is less well understood. Hence the present review aimed at understanding the relationship between nutrition and periodontal disease.

Surgical And Non-surgical Treatment Of Chronic Periodontal Disease

The aim of this paper is to compare nonsurgical and surgical treatment for periodontitis by longitudinal trials. Treatment of periodontits can be broadly classified into either surgical or non-surgical approaches. Non-surgical therapy includes plaque control, supra- and subgingival scaling, root planing (SRP), and the adjunctive use of chemotherapeutic agents. Surgical therapy can be divided into either resective or regenerative procedures. The majority of articles reviewed agree that when adequate access for root debridement is achieved, non-surgical treatment of chronic periodontal diseases seems to be as effective as surgical treatment in the long-term maintenance of clinical attachment levels (CAL). SRP is limited by the presence of furcation involvements, deep pocket depths, and root anatomy. Conclusion: Decision-making in periodontal therapy requires a thorough understanding of the long-term outcomes of all available treatment modalities. Studies have consistently shown that SRP can provide similar improvements of clinical attachment levels when compared to surgical treatment. However, several factors need to be considered when deciding on which treatment approach to select for the treatment of chronic periodontal disease

Supportive Periodontal Therapy- A Review

Research has provided evidence that chronic inflammatory periodontal diseases are treatable. As a result of advances in knowledge and therapy, the great majority of patients retain their dentition over their lifetime with proper treatment, reasonable plaque control, and continuing maintenance care. However, there are some situations when traditional therapy is not effective in arresting the disease. In these instances the progression of the disease may be slowed, but eventually the teeth may be lost. Numerous studies have indicated that periodontal therapy in the absence of a carefully designed maintenance program invariably results in the relapse of the disease condition. Accordingly, periodontal care provided without a maintenance program deal with significant patient management and disease management issues. Hence supportive periodontal treatment forms an integral part of periodontal therapy, with all treatment accomplishments channeled into achieving a healthy periodontal status that can be effectively maintained. In this regard, supportive periodontal therapy becomes the most decisive aspect of dental treatment. This article gives an overview of the significance of supportive periodontal therapy in maintaining the integrity of the periodontium.

Healing of periodontal flaps when closed with silk sutures and N-butyl cyanoacrylate: a clinical and histological study.

BACKGROUND: The closure of the periodontal flaps post-surgery is a necessity for attainment of a primary union between the flap margins and the establishment of a healthy dentogingival junction. N-butyl cyanoacrylate is a tissue adhesive, which can be used for the closure of the incised wounds to overcome the problems associated with conventional suture materials like silk. OBJECTIVE: The present study was carried out to assess the healing of the periodontal flaps when closed with the conventional silk sutures and N-butyl cyanoacrylate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out on 24 patients who needed flap surgical procedure for pocket therapy. RESULTS: It was found that healing with the cyanoacrylate is associated with less amount of inflammation during the first week when compared with silk. However, over a period of 21 days to 6 weeks, the sites treated with both the materials showed similar healing patterns. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that cyanoacrylate aids in early initial healing.

Comparison of cyanoacrylate and silk sutures on healing of oral wounds--an animal model study.

Cyanoacrylates are tissue adhesives used for closure of surgical wounds. N-butyl cyanoacrylate is a biocompatible tissue adhesive used for closure of surgical wounds. In the present study evaluation and comparison the healing of oral wounds was done when closed with N-butyl cyanoacrylate and silk sutures in a rabbit model. It was found clinically that the sites treated with cyanoacrylate had less inflammation and healed better at 7 days as compared to the sutured sites. At 7 days the histological picture correlated with the clinical findings and the amount of inflammation was less on the cyanoacrylate site. At 21 days both the sites appeared similar clinically and histologically. It is concluded that N-butyl cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive results in faster initial wound healing as compared to silk sutures and can be used for closure of oral wounds.