ABSTRACT
Background: Nutrient foramen is an opening into shaft of Ulna which gives passage to the blood vessels ofmedullary cavity. The knowledge of nutrient foramen is important in surgical procedures like bone grafting andmore recently in microsurgical vascularized bone transplantation.Objective: To determine the number, location and direction of nutrient foramen and whether the nutrient foramensobey the rule of ossification, that is directed away from the growing end of the bone or not.Method: The present study consisted of 150 (75 right and 75 left) dried ulna bones excluding any fracture orpathological abnormalities Number and direction of nutrient foramen was observed in each ulna. Location ofnutrient foramen in relation with surfaces and zones of ulna was determined.Result: It has been observed that 96.67% of the ulna had a single nutrient foramen, 1.33% double foramen and 2%had no nutrient foramen. It was concluded that 90% of the nutrient foramina were present on the anteriorsurface, 5.33% on anterior border and 4.67% on interosseous border It was also concluded that most (62.67%)of the foramina present in the zone II followed by zone I (23.33%) then by zone III (14%). All foramina weredirected toward the upper end of ulna.Conclusion: By knowing the number and location of the nutrient foramina in ulna would be useful in preventingintra-operative injury of nutrient artery during orthopedic, plastic and reconstructive surgery and will also berelevant in medico legal practice.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The identification of sex in human skeletal remains is an important component of manyanthropological investigations and forensic science. Sex determination using sacrum is often considered withvarious available parameters and indices when dealing with human skeleton remains. Sacral index is the mostimportant criteria for sex determination using sacrum. Present study aims at determining the significance ofsacral index in sex determination from sacra of saurashtra region.Materials and Methods: 120 (84 male and 36 female) adult human sacra of known sex from Saurashtra regionwas included in present study. Ventral straight length and maximum breath of sacrum was measured , sacralindex calculated, Demarking points for these parameters were used for identification of sex of sacrum.Results: In males sacral index varies from 90.38 to 119.36, with mean value of 103.49 and standard deviationwas found to be 8.52. In females sacral index varies from 92.86 to 141.33, with mean value of 116.97 andstandard deviation was found to be 8.52. In statically significant range(Mean ± 3 SD) maximum value of malesacral index was 121.76 and minimum value of female index was 91.40. These two points were accepted asdemarking points.Conclusion: Significant differences has been observed in the sacral index of males and females of Saurashtraregion. Sacral index is higher in females than in males. On the basis of present study it can be concluded that inSaurashtra region sacrum having sacral index less than 91.40 is definitely of male whereas sacrum havingsacral index more than 121.76 is definitely of female. However not a single parameter could identify sex of 100%of the bones.
ABSTRACT
Background: The Suprascapular Notch (SSN) is located at the superior edge of the scapula. The information ofvariations in shapes and classification can be obliging to surgeons to correlate the suprascapular nerve entrapmentwith a specific type of notch. The aim of this study is to document the occurrence of morphological variations inshape of suprascapular notch in dry scapulae which belongs to population of Gujarat & evaluate it with prevalenceamong various races of world to know its clinical significance.Methods: Total two hundred dry and intact adult human scapulae were studied of mixed sex of Indian originderived from various medical colleges of Gujarat. All Measurements were taken by classical osteometry with thehelp of electronic calipers with the accuracy of 0.01mm in millimetres.Results and Interpretation: The most common type of SSN observed was Type 2, a notch that was longest in itstransverse diameter. The least common type was Type 4. Type 5 SSN was absent. The most common shape was ‘J’and least common was ‘V’. Partial and complete ossification was also noted.Conclusion: Knowledge of anatomical variations of suprascapular notch is better for understanding locationand source of entrapment syndrome. Since, the present study is performed with a limited number of dry scapulae,so there is need of further clinical, radiological and cadaveric studies.
ABSTRACT
Background: The profunda femoris artery is the major branch of the femoral artery. It is at critical place in relation to femoral artery for various interventions. Aim: To study the origin of profunda femoris artery. And to compare the cross sectional area of profunda femoris artery between right and left limbs. Material and methods: In this cross sectional study, 51 human femoral triangles from 26 (18 male and 08 female) human cadavers in P.D.U. Government Medical College, Rajkot were dissected and studied during regular dissection classes. Site of origin of profunda femoris artery was noted in relation to femoral artery. The distance of origin of profunda femoris artery from the midpoint of inguinal point was measured and noted. Circumference of profunda femoris artery at the level of origin was measured. The cross sectional area was calculated. Collected data was analyzed by standard statistical formulas with the help of Microsoft excel 2007 and Epi info TM 7 software. Result: Most common (52.95% cases) site of origin was posterolateral from femoral artery. The mean distance of origin of profunda femoris artery from the midpoint of inguinal ligament was 30.17 mm. There was no significant difference in cross sectional area of right and left profunda femoris artery (at 95% confidence interval) Conclusion: Profunda femoris artery is used for angiography, ultrasonography and cardiac catheterization also. It is the major blood supply of the thigh. Its relations with femoral artery, femoral vein and femoral nerve makes it important structure for clinicians. Variations in origin of profunda femoris artery must be considered to avoid complication like aneurism and faulty passage of the catheter. High origin of profunda femoris artery is more prone to damage while accessing femoral artery.