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2.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 72(1): 34-37, jan.-fev. 2013. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-667595

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate if E-learning material improves the basal student knowledge level before attending the presential class of blindness prevention (BP) and if helps to fix this information one-month after the class. METHODS: Fourth-year medical students were randomly assigned to have a presential class of BP (Traditional group = TG) or to have a presential class of BP plus an additional E-learning material (E-learning group = ELG). This material was e-mailed one week before the presential class. The students were submitted to a multiple-choice test (with three options each) with seven questions immediately before the presential class, immediately after the class, and one-month later. The three tests had the same questions; however, the answers options were distributed in different sequences. The primary outcome was immediate pretest score. The secondary outcomes were immediate posttest score and one-month posttest score. RESULTS: Among the 120 fourth-year medical students, a random sample of 34 students was assigned to the TG and 34 students was assigned to the ELG. The two groups showed similar immediate posttest score (TG=6.8 and ELG=6.9; P<.754), but the differences at the immediate pretest score (TG=3.6 and ELG=4.7; P<.001), and at the one-month posttest score, were significant (TG=6.1 and ELG=6.8; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: The pretest and the one-month posttest results suggested that the E-learning material acts as an effective complementary tool of the presential class of blindness prevention.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar se um material disponibilizado através de E-learning antes de aulas presenciais de prevenção da cegueira (PC) melhora o nível de conhecimento basal dos estudantes, e ajuda a manter esse conteúdo um mês após a aula. MÉTODOS: Estudantes do quarto ano do curso médico foram aleatoriamente sorteados para ter aulas presenciais de PC (grupo tradicional = GT) ou ter aulas presenciais precedidas de material adicional por E-learning (grupo E-learning = GEL). Este material foi enviado por correio eletrônico uma semana antes da aula presencial. Os estudantes foram submetidos a testes de múltipla escolha com sete questões (com três alternativas cada) imediatamente antes da aula presencial, imediatamente após a aula, e um mês após a aula. Os três testes tiveram as mesmas questões: entretanto, as respostas foram distribuídas em sequências diferentes. O desfecho primário foi a nota do pré-teste. Os desfechos secundários foram as notas dos pós-teste imediato e do pós-teste tardio. RESULTADOS: Entre os 120 alunos do quarto ano de medicina, uma amostra aleatória de 34 alunos foi selecionada para o grupo GT e 34 alunos para o grupo GEL. Os dois grupos obtiveram nota similar no pós-teste imediato (GT=6.8 e GEL=6.9; P<.754), porém diferenças estatisticamente significativas no pré-teste (GT=3.6 e GEL=4.7; P<.001), e no pós-teste tardio (GT=6.1 e GEL=6.8; P<.001). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados do pré-teste e do pós-teste tardio sugerem que o E-learning pode ser um complemento eficiente do ensino presencial de prevenção da cegueira.


Subject(s)
Humans , Blindness/prevention & control , Education, Distance , Internet , Learning , Students, Medical
3.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 71(6): 377-379, nov.-dez. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-662732

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVE: To describe the reattachment rate and visual acuity results of patients with uncomplicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment who underwent segmental scleral buckle surgery. METHODS: Prospective case series of 100 patients with visual loss or symptoms (floaters and photopsia) of less than 30 days' duration scheduled for surgery. No patient had a retinal break greater than 30°, a retinal detachment larger than 2 quadrants or proliferative vitreoretinopathy. RESULTS: The 1-week, 1-month, and 6-month anatomical success rates were 93%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. Seven patients underwent one additional retinal detachment surgery (pars plan vitrectomy) after primary failure at 1-week follow-up. The preoperative, 1-month, and 6-month best correct visual acuity were 20/100, 20/80, and 20/50, respectively. The postoperative complications were: eyelid edema in 10% of the patients, transient ocular hypertension in 5%, macular pucker in 3%, transient diplopia in 3%, and hyphema (<0.5mm) in 1%. CONCLUSION: In patients with uncomplicated retinal detachment, segmental scleral buckle showed a very good anatomical and functional success, with a few number of major complications.


OBJETIVO: Descrever a taxa de reaplicação e os resultados da acuidade visual dos pacientes com descolamento de retina regmatogênico simples que se submeteram à cirurgia de introflexão escleral segmentar. MÉTODOS: Uma série de casos prospectivo de 100 pacientes com perda visual ou sintomas (floaters e fotopsia), com duração inferior a 30 dias, agendados para a cirurgia. Nenhum paciente apresentou uma ruptura da retina superior a 30°, um descolamento de retina maior que 2 quadrantes ou vitreorretinopatia. RESULTADOS: As taxas de sucesso anatômico em 1 semana, 1 mês e 6 meses foram de 93%, 100% e 100%, respectivamente. Sete pacientes foram submetidos à cirurgia de descolamento de retina adicional (vitrectomia via pars plana) após falha primária em uma semana de seguimento. A melhor acuidade visual pré-operatória, 1 mês, e de 6 meses pós-operatório foram 20/100, 20/80 e 20/50, respectivamente. As complicações pós-operatórias foram: edema palpebral em 10% dos pacientes, a hipertensão ocular transitória em 5%, pucker macular em 3%, diplopia transiente em 3%, e hifema (<0,5 mm) em 1%. CONCLUSÃO: Em pacientes com descolamento da retina sem complicações, a cirurgia de introflexão segmentar escleral mostrou um sucesso anatômico e funcional muito bom, com um número menor de complicações maiores.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Retinal Detachment/surgery , Scleral Buckling , Visual Acuity , Vitreoretinal Surgery , Prospective Studies
4.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 75(4): 256-258, jul.-ago. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-659619

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To describe the main success attitudes of young ophthalmologists in the first decade of their career. METHODS: This descriptive study comprised subjects selected from a sample of ophthalmologists who were participating in a congress, using a semi-structured questionnaire. The inclusion criteria were as follows: ophthalmologists under the age of 40 years, within 5-10 years from ophthalmology residency conclusion. The subjects were asked about the three main success attitudes in their personal experience during the first years of ophthalmology practice. After the initial results, the 10 most frequently mentioned attitudes were listed and volunteers were again interviewed to choose, within the latter list, the three main attitudes. RESULTS: Forty-eight ophthalmologists were interviewed, 24 (50%) were male; the mean age was 37 years (SD: 2 years, range: 33-40 years) and the mean time from ophthalmology residency conclusion was 8 years (SD: 1 year, range: 5-10 years). The frequency of such mentioned success attitudes were as follows: to invest in professional updating (22.9%), to have a good relationship with patients and professional partners (18.8%), to prioritize individual and family happiness (12.5%), initially to work in an established group (11.1%), to work in public service (9.7%), to have their own business with a homogeneous group (7.6%), to save money (7.6%), to be ready to resume work (4.2%), to get business administration skills (4.2%), and to have professional insurance (0.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The three main success attitudes consisted in investing in professional updating (22.9%), maintaining a good relationship with patients and professional partners (18.8%), and prioritizing individual and family happiness (12.5%). Although these results should not be generalized, they are helpful not only for those ophthalmologists at the beginning of a career but also those who want to reflect on what to prioritize in their professional practice.


OBJETIVOS: Descrever as principais atitudes de sucesso de jovens oftalmologistas na primeira década de exercício da profissão. MÉTODOS: Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram selecionados a partir de amostra de participantes de congresso de oftalmologia, utilizando-se questionário semi-estruturado. Os critérios de inclusão foram: médico oftalmologista com menos de 40 anos e que tivesse entre 5 e 10 anos de conclusão da residência médica. Questionou-se sobre quais foram as três principais atitudes de sucesso na experiência pessoal durante esses primeiros anos do exercício da medicina. Após os resultados iniciais, foram relacionadas as dez atitudes mais citadas e os voluntários foram mais uma vez entrevistados para que escolhessem, dentro desta última listagem, as três principais atitudes. RESULTADOS: Foram entrevistados 48 oftalmologistas, destes 24 (50%) eram do gênero masculino, a média da idade foi 37 anos (DP 2 anos, intervalo de 33 a 40 anos) e a média do tempo de conclusão do curso de 8 anos (DP 1 ano, intervalo de 5 a 10 anos). A frequência de citação das atitudes de sucesso foi: investir continuadamente na formação profissional (22,9%), manter bom relacionamento com pacientes e colegas de profissão (18,8%), priorizar a felicidade individual e familiar (12,5%), inicialmente prestar serviço para grupo estabelecido (11,1%), ingressar no serviço público (9,7%), montar consultório próprio junto a grupo homogêneo (7,6%), hábito de poupança (7,6%), estar pronto para o recomeço profissional (4,2%), investir na formação complementar em administração (4,2%), e contratação de seguro profissional (0,7%). CONCLUSÕES: As três principais atitudes foram: investir continuadamente na formação profissional, manter bom relacionamento com pacientes e colegas de profissão, e priorizar a felicidade individual e familiar. Embora estes resultados não devam ser universalmente generalizados, eles ajudam não apenas aos ingressantes na profissão, mas todo oftalmologista que deseja refletir sobre o que priorizar em seu exercício profissional.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Achievement , Career Mobility , Ophthalmology , Professional Practice , Attitude of Health Personnel , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Ophthalmology/education , Surveys and Questionnaires
5.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2012 Jul-Aug; 60(4): 277-281
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-144853

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To compare the effects of preoperative use of topical anti-inflammatory prednisolone acetate, ketorolac tromethamine, nepafenac and placebo, on the maintenance of intraoperative mydriasis during cataract surgery. Design: Randomized clinical trial. Materials and Methods: This single-center, masked, randomized clinical study comprised 140 patients scheduled for cataract surgery. Patients (35 in each group) were randomized to receive placebo, prednisolone acetate, ketorolac tromethamine 0.4% or nepafenac. These eye drops were administered three times daily for the two days prior to surgery. The pupillary diameters were measured by the surgeon using a compass prior to the corneal section and at the end of surgery. The primary outcome was the number of patients with pupil ≥ 6mm at the end of the surgery; the secondary outcome was the number of patients with pupil ≥ 6mm at the beginning of the surgery. Results: All the patients achieved pupil ≥ 6mm at the beginning of the surgery. The number of patients in the prednisolone (29/35), nepafenac (31/35) and ketorolac (30/35) groups with pupil ≥ 6mm was greater than in the placebo group in the maintenance of intraoperative mydriasis (19/35 – P =0.003). There was no statistical difference among the prednisolone, nepafenac and ketorolac groups in the maintenance of intraoperative mydriasis (P =.791). There were no complications during surgery or related to the preoperative use of the eye drops. Conclusion: Preoperative use of ketorolac, prednisolone and nepafenac was effective in maintaining intraoperative mydriasis when compared with placebo.


Subject(s)
Benzeneacetamides/administration & dosage , Benzeneacetamides/therapeutic use , Cataract Extraction/complications , Humans , Ketorolac Tromethamine/administration & dosage , Ketorolac Tromethamine/therapeutic use , Mydriasis/drug therapy , Mydriasis/etiology , Mydriasis/prevention & control , Patients , Phenylacetates/administration & dosage , Phenylacetates/therapeutic use , Placebos/administration & dosage , Placebos/therapeutic use , Prednisolone/administration & dosage , Prednisolone/analogs & derivatives , Prednisolone/therapeutic use , Preoperative Period , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
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