Reform of operating mechanism of the centers for disease control and prevention / 预防医学

Objective @#To explore the reform of the operating mechanism of centers for disease control and prevention ( CDCs ) in the new era, and to put forward recommendations. @*Methods @#We collected the financial investment and staffing of CDCs in Zhejiang Province from 2018 to 2020 through China Disease Prevention and Control Information System and Zhejiang Health Statistical Yearbook. We conducted a questionnaire survey among 620 staffs selected by convenience sampling, and a qualitative interview among 40 leaders and experts from CDCs and general hospitals in Zhejiang Province. @*Results @#By the year 2020, there were 105 CDCs in Zhejiang Province, including 1 province-level, 11 prefecture-level, 90 county-level and 3 development zone-level ones. The revenues were mainly from financial subsidy and business incomes, which were over expenditures. There were 7 008 posts in CDCs, with a staffing allocation ratio of 1.29/10 000. Among the reform measures of operation mechanism of CDCs, the flexible communication between clinicians and public health doctors was highly approved (90.03%); among the reform measures of enhancing the integration of prevention and treatment, further clarifying the public health functions of hospitals and ensuring financial compensation was highly approved (74.01%).@*Conclusion @#We should further stimulate the endogenous power and vitality of CDCs, strengthen the construction of talent team, promote the active integration of hospitals and CDCs, and improve public health level.

Virus isolation and genotype identification of human respiratory syncytial virus in Guizhou Province, China

ABSTRACT To investigate the genetic variation and molecular epidemiology characteristics of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV) in Guizhou Province, nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from patients with acute respiratory infection (ARI) in Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, from December 2017 to March 2018, and inoculated to Hep-2 cells to isolate HRSV. Cells that showed cytopathic effect (CPE) were then confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence assay and reverse transcription. The sequence of the PCR products was determined for HRSV isolates, and the genetic variation was analyzed. Out of 196 nasopharyngeal aspirate samples, HRSV were isolated in 39. The second hypervariable region at the 3' terminal of glycoprotein gene (HVR2) sequence analysis showed that subgroup A was dominant. Seventy-nine percent of the isolates belonged to subgroup A, ON1 genotype, and 21 % belonged to subgroup B, BA9 genotype, which indicates that the dominant HRSV circulating in Guizhou Province was subgroup A, genotype ON1, co-circulating with a less prevalent subgroup B, genotype BA9.

Analysis of influencing factors of dental caries in first permanent molars among children aged 10-12 years old in Guangzhou / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @# To know the influencing factors of dental caries in first permanent molars among children aged 10-12 years old in Guangzhou, and to give references for dental caries prevention.@*Methods @#The samples were selected by stratified random sampling method. Oral health examination and questionnaires were applied to all the 18 656 children who were 5 or 6-grade in 149 primary schools. @*Results @#The prevalence of dental caries in first permanent molars was 18.19%. Girls accouted for 19.96%, which was significantly higher than that of boys (16.71%) (χ2 = 32.817, P< 0.001). Multiple regression analyses were used to investigate the influencing factors of dental caries in first permanent molars. After controlling school cluster and other factors, household register, gender, pit and fissure sealant, consumption of sweets and chocolates, consumption of sweet milk were influencing factors of permanent teeth caries. And household register, gender, pit and fissure sealant, consumption of sweets and chocolates were associated with mean DMFT.@*Conclusion @#school oral health education should focus on the consumption of sugars and cares should be put into the differences between urban and rural area. In addition, strengthening publicity of the sealant retention project,raising public awareness, and improving sealant retention quality are necessary to ensure the anti-caries effect.

Study and clinical application of the anatomy of renal pedicles in retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy / Estudio y aplicación clínica de la anatomía de los pedículos renales en la nefrectomía retroperitoneoscópica

This work aims to investigate the anatomical basis and clinical application value of renal pedicle locating in retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy. To summarize the anatomical basis of renal pedicle locating through retrospective analysis of 278 cases of retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy from July 2007 to September 2009, during which renal pedicle was located at about 2-4 cm below the medial arcuate ligament of the diaphragm in the space between the psoas major muscle and inferior vena cava (abdominal aorta) in the anatomical level of space before psoas. The operation of 278 patients was all successfully completed, where renal pedicle was quickly found. It took 3.5+/-1.3 min to locate the renal pedicle, and 95.6+/-23.8 min to operate. In retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy, it is most preferable to locate renal pedicle in the space before psoas. The renal pedicle is located exactly at about 2-4 cm below the medial arcuate ligament of the diaphragm in the space between the psoas major muscle and inferior vena cava (abdominal aorta). The time for locating the renal pedicle can be shortened if the surgeon is familiar with the anatomic features of renal pedicle in retroperitoneoscopy, thereby saving the operation time.

El objetivo del estudio fue investigar las bases anatómicas y el valor de la aplicación clínica de la localización del pedículo renal en la nefrectomía retroperitoneoscópica. Para resumir las bases anatómicas de la localizacion del pedículo renal se realizó el análisis retrospectivo de 278 casos de nefrectomía retroperitoneoscópica desde Julio del 2007 a Septiembre del 2009. El pedículo renal se encontró a unos 2-4 cm por debajo del ligamento arqueado medial del diafragma en el espacio entre el músculo psoas mayor y vena cava inferior (o parte abdominal de la aorta) en el nivel anatómico del espacio anterior al músculo psoas mayor. La cirugía de los 278 pacientes fue completada exitosamente, encontrándose rápidamente el pedículo renal. El procedimiento para localizar el pedículo renal tomó 3,5+/-1,3 minutos y la cirugía completa 95.6+/-23.8 minutos. En la nefrectomía retroperitoneoscópica, es preferible localizar el pedículo renal en el espacio anterior al músculo psoas mayor. El pedículo renal se encuentra alrededor de 2-4 cm por debajo del ligamento arqueado medial de la membrana en el espacio entre el músculo psoas mayor y vena cava inferior (parte abdominal de la aorta). El tiempo para localizar el pedículo renal se puede disminuir si el cirujano está familiarizado con las características anatómicas del pedículo renal en la retroperitoneoscopía, ahorrando así el tiempo total de la cirugía.

Factors associated with falls among community-dwelling older people in Taiwan

<p><b>INTRODUCTION</b>Falls are common among older people. Previous studies have shown that falls were multifactorial. However, data regarding community-dwelling Chinese population are minimal. We aimed to study factors associated with falls among community-dwelling older Chinese people.</p><p><b>MATERIALS AND METHODS</b>We conducted a cross-sectional study in a community hospital in Taiwan in 2010. Our sample included 671 elders from the 3680 examinees of the free annual Senior Citizens Health Examination. Participants were interviewed with a detailed questionnaire, and 317 elders were further invited for serum vitamin D tests. The main outcome was falls in the previous 12 months. Predictor variables included sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle risk factors, body stature, frailty, serum 25 (OH) D levels, and medications.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean age of the 671 participants was 75.7 ± 6.4 years old, and 48.7% of which were female. Fallers comprised 21.0% of the study population. In multivariate models, female gender (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.32), loss of height in adulthood (aOR: 1.52), low body weight (aOR: 2.69), central obesity (aOR: 1.67), frailty (aOR: 1.56), polypharmacy (aOR: 2.18) and hyperglycaemia (aOR: 1.56) were factors associated with falls. Vitamin D insufficiency (serum 25 (OH) D levels <30 ng/mL) was not associated with falls (OR: 0.78; 95% CI, 0.38 to 1.60) (n = 317) in this study.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Among community-dwelling older people in Taiwan, falls were mainly associated with female gender, polypharmacy, frailty, reduced body height, low body weight or central obesity, and hyperglycaemia. In addition to other risk factors, body stature should be considered as a novel risk factor when screening elders at risk for falls.</p>

Different Optical Properties between Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tissues and Non-tumorous Hepatic Tissues In Vitro / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

There has been an ongoing search for clinically acceptable methods for the accurate,efficient and simple diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Optical spectroscopy is a technique with potential clinical applications to diagnose cancer diseases.The purpose of this study was to obtain the optical properties of HCC tissues and non-tumorous hepatic tissues and identify the difference between them.A total of 55 tissue samples (HCC tissue,n=38; non-tumorous hepatic tissue,n=17)were surgically resected from patients with HCC.The optical parameters were measured in 10-nm steps using single-integrating-sphere system in the wavelength range of 400 to 1800 nm.It was found that the optical properties and their differences varied with the wavelength for the HCC tissue and the non-tumorous hepatic tissue in the entire wavelength range of research.The absorption coefficient of the HCC tissue (1.48±0.99,1.46±0.88,0.86±0.61,2.15±0.53,0.54±0.10,0.79±0.15 mm-1) was significantly lower than that of the non-tumorous hepatic tissue (2.79±1.73,3.13±1.47,3.06±2.79,2.57±0.55,0.62±0.10,0.93±0.16 mm-1) at wavelengths of 400,410,450,1450,1660 and 1800 nm,respectively (P＜0.05).The reduced scattering coefficient of HCC tissue (5.28±1.70,4.91±1.54,1.26±0.35 mm-1) and non-tumorous hepatic tissue (8.14±3.70,9.27±3.08,2.55±0.57 mm-1) was significantly different at 460,500 and 1800 nm respectively (P＜0.05).These results show different pathologic liver tissues have different optical properties.It provides a better understanding of the relationship between optical parameters and physiological characteristics in human liver tissues.And it would be very useful for developing a non-invasive,real-time,simple and efficient way for medical management of HCC in the future.

Replication-incompetent Adenovirus Vector-mediated MDA-7/IL-24 Selectively Induces Growth Suppression and Apoptosis of Hepatoma Cell Line SMMC-7721 / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

In order to investigate the effect of replication-incompetent adenovirus vector expressing MDA-7/IL-24 on tumor growth and apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line SMMC-7721 and normal liver cell line L02, the recombinant replication-incompetent Ad.mda-7 virus vector was constructed and infected into the HCC cell line SMMC-7721 and normal liver cell line L02. RT-PCR was performed to examine the expression of MDA-7 mRNA. The concentrations of MDA-7/IL-4 in culture supernatants were determined by using ELISA. MTT and Hoechst staining assay were applied to observe the inhibitory and killing effects of MDA-7 on the HCC cells. By using flow cytometry, the apoptosis, cell cycle and proliferation of SMMC-7721 and L02 cells were meas- ured. The results showed recombinant replication-incompetent virus expressing MDA-7/IL-24 was constructed successfully, and RT-PCR revealed that it could mediate the high expression of the ex- ogenous gene MDA-7/IL-24 in SMMC-7721 and L02 cells. The expression of MDA-7/IL24 proteins in the culture supernatant was detectable by ELISA. Ad.mda-7 infection induced apoptosis and growth suppression in SMMC-7721 cells and an increased percentage of HCC cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, but not in L02 cells. It was concluded that mda-7/IL-24 gene, mediated with replication-incompetent adenovirus vector, could selectively induce growth suppression and apoptosis in HCC cell line SMMC-7721 but without any toxic side-effect on normal liver line L02.