Aerobic training method in throwing application / Aplicação do método de treinamento aeróbico em arremessos / Aplicación del método de entrenamiento aeróbico en los lanzamientos

ABSTRACT Introduction Strength training is a vital training modality for sports. Upper body strength training is critical for throwing. Aerobic activity can effectively develop upper body strength in throwing athletes. Objective Analyze the effect of aerobic training on upper body strength in throwing athletes. Methods Several ball pitchers were selected as research volunteers. They were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The study adopted the method of establishing statistics to analyze the strength and performance of throwing athletes before and after aerobic training. This work also analyzed the relationship between aerobics and throwing ability. Results There were significant differences in the upper limb strength of throwing athletes after aerobic intervention (P<0.05). The strength of the experimental group was significantly improved (P<0.05). Conclusion The aerobic intervention method is an effective way to improve upper limb strength in throwing athletes. It is recommended that athletes apply upper limb strength training to their daily training. The aerobic training method is a safe and effective choice. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução O treinamento de força é uma modalidade de treinamento vital para a prática de esportes. O treinamento de força da parte superior do corpo é fundamental para o arremesso. A atividade aeróbica pode efetivamente desenvolver a força nos membros superiores de atletas arremessadores. Objetivo Analisar o efeito do treinamento aeróbico sobre a força dos membros superiores de atletas arremessadores. Métodos Selecionou-se vários arremessadores de bolas como voluntários de pesquisa. Estes foram divididos aleatoriamente em grupo de controle e experimental. O trabalho adotou o método do estabelecimento de estatísticas para analisar a força e o desempenho dos atletas arremessadores antes e depois do treinamento de aeróbica. Paralelamente, este trabalho também analisou a relação entre a aeróbica e a capacidade de arremesso. Resultados Houve diferenças significativas na força dos membros superiores dos atletas arremessadores após a intervenção aeróbica (P<0,05). A força do grupo experimental foi significativamente aperfeiçoada (P<0,05). Conclusão O método de intervenção aeróbica é uma maneira eficaz de melhorar a força nos membros superiores de atletas arremessadores. Recomenda-se aos atletas aplicar o treinamento da força dos membros superiores ao treinamento diário. O método de treinamento de aeróbica é uma escolha segura e eficaz. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción El entrenamiento de fuerza es una modalidad de entrenamiento vital para la práctica deportiva. El entrenamiento de la fuerza de la parte superior del cuerpo es fundamental para el lanzamiento. La actividad aeróbica puede desarrollar eficazmente la fuerza en los miembros superiores de los atletas de lanzamiento. Objetivo Analizar el efecto del entrenamiento aeróbico en la fuerza de la parte superior del cuerpo de los atletas de lanzamiento. Métodos Se seleccionaron varios lanzadores de pelota como voluntarios para la investigación. Se dividieron aleatoriamente en grupos de control y experimental. El trabajo adoptó el método de establecer estadísticas para analizar la fuerza y el rendimiento de los atletas de lanzamiento antes y después del entrenamiento aeróbico. Paralelamente, este trabajo también analizó la relación entre el aeróbic y la capacidad de lanzamiento. Resultados Hubo diferencias significativas en la fuerza de las extremidades superiores de los atletas de lanzamiento después de la intervención aeróbica (P<0,05). La fuerza del grupo experimental mejoró significativamente (P<0,05). Conclusión El método de intervención aeróbica es una forma eficaz de mejorar la fuerza de las extremidades superiores en los atletas de lanzamiento. Se recomienda que los deportistas apliquen el entrenamiento de fuerza de las extremidades superiores en su entrenamiento diario. El método de entrenamiento aeróbico es una opción segura y eficaz. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Impact of plyometric training on the lower limb strength of gymnasts / Impactos do treino pliométrico na força dos membros inferiores de ginastas / Impacto del entrenamiento pliométrico en la fuerza de los miembros inferiores de gimnastas

ABSTRACT Introduction: Plyometric training consists of a compound of stretching followed by immediate contraction, favoring the elastic properties of the soft tissues and aiming to promote a higher explosive force in the athletes. Objective: Explore the impact of plyometrics on aerobic gymnastics practitioners' explosive force in the lower limbs. Methods: In this experiment, a total of 16 aerobic gymnastics athletes were selected and divided into two groups: the control group and the experimental group. The control group remained with their usual training, while a sport-specific plyometric protocol was added to the experimental group. Results: Composite plyometric training can improve the short-distance running ability of aerobic gymnastics athletes; the effect of running 5m in the start and 10m in the start was statistically evidenced. However, the 20m run had similar results. Conclusion: The explosive power of the lower limbs in different activities is related to the specific training of aerobic gymnastics athletes focused on the muscles corresponding to the activity, showing a significant positive correlation. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O treinamento pliométrico consiste num composto de alongamento seguido de imediata contração, favorecendo as propriedades elásticas dos tecidos moles visando promover uma maior força de explosão nos atletas. Objetivo: Explorar os impactos da pliometria sobre a força explosiva nos membros inferiores dos praticantes de ginástica aeróbica. Métodos: Neste experimento, um total de 16 atletas em ginástica aeróbica foram selecionados e divididos em dois grupos: o grupo de controle e o grupo experimental. O grupo controle permaneceu com seu treinamento usual enquanto ao grupo experimental foi acrescido um protocolo pliométrico específico para o esporte. Resultados: O treinamento composto de pliometria pode melhorar a capacidade de corrida de curta distância de atletas de ginástica aeróbica, o efeito de correr 5m em largada e 10m em largada foi estatisticamente evidenciado, porém a corrida de 20m não teve resultados diferentes. Conclusão: O poder explosivo dos membros inferiores em diferentes atividades está relacionado ao treinamento específico dos atletas de ginástica aeróbica focado nos músculos correspondentes à atividade, evidenciando uma correlação positiva significativa. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El entrenamiento pliométrico consiste en un compuesto de estiramientos seguido de una contracción inmediata, favoreciendo las propiedades elásticas de los tejidos blandos con el objetivo de promover una mayor fuerza explosiva en los deportistas. Objetivo: Explorar los impactos del entrenamiento pliométrico sobre la fuerza explosiva en los miembros inferiores de los practicantes de gimnasia aeróbica. Métodos: En este experimento, se seleccionaron un total de 16 atletas de gimnasia aeróbica y se dividieron en dos grupos: el grupo de control y el grupo experimental. El grupo de control siguió con su entrenamiento habitual mientras que al grupo experimental se le añadió un protocolo pliométrico específico para el deporte. Resultados: El entrenamiento compuesto de pliometría puede mejorar la capacidad de correr distancias cortas de los atletas de gimnasia aeróbica, se evidenció estadísticamente el efecto de correr 5m en salida y 10m en salida, sin embargo, la carrera de 20m no tuvo resultados diferentes. Conclusión: La potencia explosiva de los miembros inferiores en diferentes actividades está relacionada con el entrenamiento específico de los atletas de gimnasia aeróbica centrado en los músculos correspondientes a la actividad, evidenciando una correlación positiva significativa. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Adaptation of cardiorespiratory endurance in obese people by aerobic exercise / Adaptação da resistência cardiorrespiratória de pessoas obesas por exercício aeróbico / Adaptación de la resistencia cardiorrespiratoria personas obesas mediante ejercicio aeróbico

ABSTRACT Introduction Obesity is a critical pathogenic factor of hypertension and hyperlipidemia in metabolic syndrome and an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease leading to low cardiorespiratory endurance. Objective Explore the changes in cardiorespiratory endurance adaptation on obese subjects caused by aerobic exercise. Methods A cardiorespiratory exercise model was proposed for obese people under different optimizations based on critical variables and cluster analysis. This model analyzes the relationship between exercise and cardiorespiratory endurance in obese people, extracts the cardiorespiratory endurance index characteristics of obese people under different exercise levels, and clusters their different index characteristics. Results The difference between the heart rate of the proposed model and the actual heart rate is 0.11, the difference between the heart rate of the model and the actual heart rate is 4.28, and the difference between the heart rate of the model and the actual heart rate is 2.84, and the accuracy of the proposed model is the highest. Conclusion The model proposed in this paper can accurately analyze the effects of different aerobic exercise frequencies on cardiorespiratory endurance. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the result.

RESUMO Introdução A obesidade não é apenas um fator patogênico chave da hipertensão e da hiperlipidemia na síndrome metabólica, mas também um fator de risco independente de doença cardiovascular que leva a baixa resistência cardiorrespiratória. Objetivo Explorar as alterações na adaptação da resistência cardiorrespiratória em obesos causadas pelo exercício aeróbico. Métodos Foi proposto um modelo de exercício cardiorrespiratório para pessoas obesas sob diferentes otimizações com base em variáveis-chave e análise de agrupamento. O modelo analisa a relação entre o exercício e a resistência cardiorrespiratória de pessoas obesas, extrai as características do índice de resistência cardiorrespiratória de pessoas obesas sob diferentes níveis de exercício e agrupa suas diferentes características de índice. Resultados A diferença entre a frequência cardíaca do modelo proposto e a frequência cardíaca real é de 0,11, a diferença entre a frequência cardíaca do modelo e a frequência cardíaca real é de 4,28, e a diferença entre a frequência cardíaca do modelo e a frequência cardíaca real é de 2,84, e a precisão do modelo proposto é a mais alta. Conclusão O modelo proposto neste trabalho pode analisar com precisão os efeitos de diferentes frequências de exercícios aeróbicos sobre a resistência cardiorrespiratória. Nível de evidência II; Estudos Terapêuticos - Investigação de Resultados.

RESUMEN Introducción La obesidad no sólo es un factor patogénico clave de la hipertensión y la hiperlipidemia en el síndrome metabólico, sino también un factor de riesgo independiente de enfermedad cardiovascular que conduce a una baja resistencia cardiorrespiratoria. Objetivo Explorar los cambios en la adaptación de la resistencia cardiorrespiratoria en sujetos obesos provocados por el ejercicio aeróbico. Métodos Se propuso un modelo de ejercicio cardiorrespiratorio para personas obesas bajo diferentes optimizaciones basadas en variables-clave y en el análisis de grupos. El modelo analiza la relación entre el ejercicio y la resistencia cardiorrespiratoria en las personas obesas, extrae las características del índice de resistencia cardiorrespiratoria de las personas obesas bajo diferentes niveles de ejercicio y agrupa sus diferentes características del índice. Resultados La diferencia entre la frecuencia cardíaca del modelo propuesto y la frecuencia cardíaca real es de 0,11, la diferencia entre la frecuencia cardíaca del modelo y la frecuencia cardíaca real es de 4,28, y la diferencia entre la frecuencia cardíaca del modelo y la frecuencia cardíaca real es de 2,84, y la precisión del modelo propuesto es la más alta. Conclusión El modelo propuesto en este trabajo puede analizar con precisión los efectos de diferentes frecuencias de ejercicio aeróbico en la resistencia cardiorrespiratoria. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

Improvement of polyhydroxybutyrate production by deletion of csrA in Escherichia coli

BACKGROUND: Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) can be efficiently produced in recombinant Escherichia coli by the overexpression of an operon (NphaCAB) encoding PHB synthetase. Strain improvement is considered to be one of critical factors to lower the production cost of PHB in recombinant system. In this study, one of key regulators that affect the cell growth and PHB content was confirmed and analyzed. RESULT: S17-3, a mutant E. coli strain derived from S17-1, was found to be able to achieve high cell density when expressing NphaCAB with the plasmid pBhya-CAB. Whole genome sequencing of S17-3 revealed genetic alternations on the upstream regions of csrA, encoding a global regulator cross-talking between stress response, catabolite repression and other metabolic activities. Deletion of csrA or expression of mutant csrA resulted in improved cell density and PHB content. CONCLUSION: The impact of gene deletion of csrA was determined, dysfunction of the regulators improved the cell density of recombinant E. coli and PHB production, however, the detail mechanism needs to be further clarified.

Observation of the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation by different interventions on cirrhotic rats

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation has attracted attention for the treatment of liver cirrhosis and end-stage liver diseases. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the effect of different methods of BMSCs transplantation in the treatment of liver cirrhosis in rats. Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 7 groups: 10 were used to extract BMSCs, 10 were used as normal group, and the remaining 52 rats were randomly divided into five groups for testing: control group, BMSCs group, BMSCs+granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) group, and BMSCs+Jisheng Shenqi decoction (JSSQ) group. After the end of the intervention course, liver tissue sections of rats were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson staining, and pathological grades were scored. Liver function [aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (ALB)] and hepatic fibrosis markers [hyaluronidase (HA), laminin (LN), type III procollagen (PCIII), type IV collagen (CIV)] were measured. BMSCs+JSSQ group had the best effect of reducing ALT and increasing ALB after intervention therapy (P<0.05). The reducing pathological scores and LN, PCIII, CIV of BMSCs+G-CSF group and BMSCs+JSSQ group after intervention therapy were significant, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The effect of JSSQ on improving stem cell transplantation in rats with liver cirrhosis was confirmed. JSSQ combined with BMSCs could significantly improve liver function and liver pathology scores of rats with liver cirrhosis.

Role of the Ubi-p63E gene in the germline stem cell niche of the Drosophila testis / 医学研究生学报

Objective Whether the Ubi-p63E gene regulates spermatogenesis and tumorigenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the regulatory effect of Ubi-p63E on germline stem cells (GSC) in the GSC niche of the Drosophila testis. Methods We used the UAS-Gal4 system for knockdown of the Ubi-p63E gene in the specific GSCs of the Drosophila testis and divided the male flies for this experiment into three groups: control (wild-type W1118 flies), nos>Ubi-p63E RNAi (knockdown of the Ubi-p63E gene in the early germ cells), and tj>Ubi-p63E RNAi (knockdown of the Ubi-p63E gene in the cystoblasts). We determined the fertility rate of the flies by fertility tests and examined the effect of Ubi-p63E on the Drosophila testis in the GSC niche by immunofluorescence staining. Results Fertility tests manifested a significantly lower rate of fertility in the nos>Ubi-p63E RNAi and tj>Ubi-p63E RNAi groups than in the control (0.00% and 4.12% vs 97.26%, P < 0.01). Morphologically abnormal testes were observed in the nos>Ubi-p63E RNAi and tj>Ubi-p63E RNAi groups, only 22.77% and 18.86% as long as the testes of the control flies. Immunofluorescence staining revealed no morphologically normal testes in the tj>Ubi-p63E RNAi group, but quite a few masses of abnormal cells, and mostly Vasa-positive cells. Conclusion The Ubi-p63E gene affects the self-renewal ability of GSCs in the GSC niche of the Drosophila testis as well as the differentiation of GSCs via cystoblasts, and consequently leads to the formation of germ cell tumors.

Up-regulated expression of Beclin-1 in missed abortion and its clinical significance / 医学研究生学报

Objective Reports are rarely seen on the role of autophagy in missed abortion. This study aimed to explore the association of missed abortion with autophagy by detecting the expressions of the autophagy-related factors Beclin-1 and LC3 in the villus and decidua of normal pregnancy and missed abortion women so as to provide some theoretical evidence for the early prevention of missed abortion.Methods We included in the experimental group 30 missed abortion patients treated in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, from January to March 2017 and enrolled another 30 normal pregnancy women as controls. We determined the expression level of Beclin-1 mRNA in the villus and decidua by quantitative fluorescence PCR and those of Beclin-1 and LC3II/LC3I proteins by Western blot. We also positioned Beclin-1 in the villus and decidua tissues of the two groups of women by immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with the normal pregnancy women, the patients with missed abortion showed significantly up-regulated expression of Beclin-1 mRNA in the villus (1.00±0.28 vs 2.17±0.87, P<0.05) and decidua (1.75±0.41 vs 4.74±0.93, P<0.05) and those of Beclin-1 and LC3II/LC3I proteins (P<0.05). Immunohistochemistry revealed markedly increased expression of the Beclin-1 protein in the villus and decidua of the missed abortion patients (P<0.05).Conclusion Beclin-1 mRNA, Beclin-1 protein and LC3II/LC3I are all up-regulated in the villus and decidua of missed abortion patients, suggesting the involvement of autophagy in the occurrence of missed abortion, which may provide a new theoretical basis for studying the pathogenesis of missed abortion.

A Novel Gene Mutation of Runx2 in Cleidocranial Dysplasia / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Haploinsuffieiency of the runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) gene is widely known to be responsible for cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD).To date,more than 190 mutations in Runx2 gene have been reported to be related to CCD.In this study,a novel mutation of Runx2 gene was observed in a female with CCD.Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral venous blood of the proband and eleven members of her family.Genetic testing on these twelve people identified a novel missense mutation (c.895T＞C,Y299H) in exon 5 of the RUNX2 gene in the proband.This mutation results in an amino acid change at codon 895 (P.Tyr 299 His.) from a tryptophan codon (TAT) to a histidine codon (CAT).Our finding may further extend the known mutation spectrum of the RUNX2 gene,and facilitate prenatal genetic diagnosis of CCD in the future.

Epidemiological characteristics of human rabies in Henan province in China from 2005 to 2013

Background Rabies is very common in Peoples Republic of China. Henan province, in the central portion of China, is one of the most densely populated provinces in the entire country. With the new rabies epidemic trend noted in northern and western China, it is necessary to investigate the characteristics of human rabies in this area and control the disease.Methods We chose patients in hospital isolation in 18 municipalities in Henan province as the investigation subjects. Data were collected through systematic reporting from these hospitals, whereas a questionnaire was applied to the relatives of patients.Results A total of 1022 rabies cases were reported. The incidence of human rabies in Henan has increased rapidly since 2005, having peaked in 2007, and maintained a high level in the remaining years. The cases were found mainly in rural areas in the south and east of the province. Rabies was often noted in summer and with the highest number in August. Most cases were noted in males and often in farmers. The patients aged between 40 and 60 years accounted for 36.8 % of all the cases. The wound treatment rate (12.2 %) and vaccination rate (2.6 %) of rabies cases after exposure were relatively low, while the rabies immunoglobulin utilization rate was only 2.8 %.Conclusions Rabies epidemic cases at the county level overall were increasing in Henan province during the period of 20052013; the epidemic has spread quickly. The data in this study imply that the disease could be better managed by more integrated surveillance across human health and veterinary sectors, improved education and better government policies.

Epidemiological characteristics of human rabies in Henan province in China from 2005 to 2013

Background Rabies is very common in People's Republic of China. Henan province, in the central portion of China, is one of the most densely populated provinces in the entire country. With the new rabies epidemic trend noted in northern and western China, it is necessary to investigate the characteristics of human rabies in this area and control the disease.Methods We chose patients in hospital isolation in 18 municipalities in Henan province as the investigation subjects. Data were collected through systematic reporting from these hospitals, whereas a questionnaire was applied to the relatives of patients.Results A total of 1022 rabies cases were reported. The incidence of human rabies in Henan has increased rapidly since 2005, having peaked in 2007, and maintained a high level in the remaining years. The cases were found mainly in rural areas in the south and east of the province. Rabies was often noted in summer and with the highest number in August. Most cases were noted in males and often in farmers. The patients aged between 40 and 60 years accounted for 36.8 % of all the cases. The wound treatment rate (12.2 %) and vaccination rate (2.6 %) of rabies cases after exposure were relatively low, while the rabies immunoglobulin utilization rate was only 2.8 %.Conclusions Rabies epidemic cases at the county level overall were increasing in Henan province during the period of 2005-2013; the epidemic has spread quickly. The data in this study imply that the disease could be better managed by more integrated surveillance across human health and veterinary sectors, improved education and better government policies.(AU)

The protective effects of Fufang Biejiafang on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the possible effects and mechanism of Fufang Biejiafang on a single intratracheal instillation (IT) of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis model.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>SD rats were treated with a single IT dose of bleomycin or control saline. Chinese medicine group were poured into the stomach after the first day of operation with high dosage, middle dosage and low dosage. On days 7, 14 and 28 following IT bleomycin or saline, 4 mL blood were taken from the abdominal aorta for arterial blood gas analysis. The left lung was fixed for routine light microscopic examination. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from the right lung was tested the activity of pulmonary surfactant (PS) by the Whihelmy Film Balance, then the right lung was frozen immediately in liquid nitrogen for determination of hydroxyproline concentration.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Model rats had obviously changes of body weight and hypoxemia and dysfunction of PS on days 7 and improved on days 14. Compared with three dose groups, the middle dose group some degreely improved and PS function. It ameliorate fibrosis because of inhibition of inflammation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>(1) PS dysfunction resulted in hypoxemia after bleomycin injured alveolar type II (AT II). Fufang biejiafang-middle dose-group ameliorate hypoxemia by remission AT-II injury. (2) Fufang biejiafang may inhibit exudation inflammation and ameliorate fibrosis.</p>

Study on Glycolic Acid Oxidase (GO) of Spirulina(Arthrospira) / 微生物学通报

A comparative study on the glycolic acid oxidase (GO) of the domestic Spirulina(Arthrospira) platensis (S_(1)) from alkaline lake in Erdos Plateau and the imported S. (A.) platensis (S_(2)) and S. (A.) maxima (S_(3)) as well is made with colorimetric method. The results show that activity of GO (25℃, pH 8.0) of S_(1), S_(2 )and S_(3) is 70.9 U/gFW, 59.6 U/gFW and 80.9 U/gFW respectively; the GO's optimum temperature of S_(1)、S_(2) and S_(3 )is 30℃; the GO's optimum pH value of S_(1 )is 8.6,while that of S_(2 ) 8.2 and that of S_(3) 8.4; the GO of S_(1 )is stable from 0℃ to 35℃ and from pH 7.6 to pH 10.0, while that of S_(2) from 0℃ to 30℃ and from pH 8.0 to pH 9.0 and that of S_(3) from 0℃ to 35℃ and from pH 8.0 to pH 8.6. Adaptive range of S_(1) GO for temperature and pH is wider, and activity at low and high temperature and under strong acidand alkali conditions is higher than that of the imported species.