ABSTRACT
Objective To assess the effects of two different methods on differential cell count and the detection on inflammatory mediators in the process of induced sputum. Methods Induced sputum samples from outpatients with respiratory diseases were collected. Each sample was equally divided into two parts. One portion was processed at a regular way by incubation at 37 ℃ for 15 min in 0.1% dithiothreitol (DTT). Another was processed at 0 ℃ for 60 min in 0.1% DTT. The cell pellet was used for the cytology analysis by HE staining. The levels of IL-4,IL-5 and IL-8 were measured by Elisa Kit. Results Induced sputum was successfully collected from 20 subjects with chronic airway diseases ,including 7 males and 13 females . Total cell counts was lower in 0 ℃-incubated group than in 37 ℃-incubated group(P < 0.05). However,there was no difference in differential cell counts between two groups ,as well as the levels of IL-4 ,IL-5 and IL-8 in sputum supernatants(all P >0.05). Conclusions Except a difference in the total cell number ,there was no difference between two methods on the differential cell count and levels of certain inflammatory mediators.
ABSTRACT
Objective To assess the effects of two different methods on differential cell count and the detection on inflammatory mediators in the process of induced sputum. Methods Induced sputum samples from outpatients with respiratory diseases were collected. Each sample was equally divided into two parts. One portion was processed at a regular way by incubation at 37 ℃ for 15 min in 0.1% dithiothreitol (DTT). Another was processed at 0 ℃ for 60 min in 0.1% DTT. The cell pellet was used for the cytology analysis by HE staining. The levels of IL-4,IL-5 and IL-8 were measured by Elisa Kit. Results Induced sputum was successfully collected from 20 subjects with chronic airway diseases ,including 7 males and 13 females . Total cell counts was lower in 0 ℃-incubated group than in 37 ℃-incubated group(P < 0.05). However,there was no difference in differential cell counts between two groups ,as well as the levels of IL-4 ,IL-5 and IL-8 in sputum supernatants(all P >0.05). Conclusions Except a difference in the total cell number ,there was no difference between two methods on the differential cell count and levels of certain inflammatory mediators.
ABSTRACT
Background Accompanying its rapid economic development and population growth, China is the world's third largest acid rain region, following Europe and North America. The effects of acid rain on forest ecosystem were widely researched, including the growth, the nutrient of the leaf and soil, and so on. However, there are few reports about the effects of acid rain on the soil microbial diversity. This study investigated the effects of acid rain on soil microbial community function under potted Masson pine seedlings (Pinus massoniana Lamb). Results After 7 months of treatment with simulated acid rain, the low acid load treatment (pH 5.5) stimulated soil microbial activity, and increased soil microbial diversity and richness, while the higher levels of acid application (pH 4.5, pH 3.5) resulted in lower soil microbial activity and had no significant effects on soil microbial diversity and richness. Principal component analysis showed that there was clear discrimination in the metabolic capability of the soil microbial community among the simulated acid rain and control treatments. Conclusion The results obtained indicated that the higher acid load decreased the soil microbial activity and no effects on soil microbial diversity assessed by Biolog of potted Masson pine seedlings. Simulated acid rain also changed the metabolic capability of the soil microbial community.
Subject(s)
Soil Microbiology , Acid Rain , Pinus , Forests , Simulation Exercise , Principal Component Analysis , Seedlings , Microbiota , Hydrogen-Ion ConcentrationABSTRACT
This study was purposed to investigate the expression of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) and CD68 in Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) patients with EB virus infection and to analyze the relation of LMP-1 expression and CD68(+) tumor-associated macrophage count with clinical features and prognosis of HL patients. The expression of LMP1 and count of CD68(+) TAM were detected by immunohistochemical staining in tissue specimens of 72 HL patients; their correlation with clinical features and prognosis of HL patients was analyzed by using statistical method. The results showed that among tissue specimens of 72 HL patients, the positive rate of LMP-1 expression was 18.1% (13/72), the CD68(+) TAM count was more higher in LMP-1 positive expression [250 of CD68(+) TAM/high power field (hpf) is used as demarcation point] (P = 0.003). The statistical analysis showed that the LMP-1 positive expression was more observed in mixed type HL patients (P = 0.000); the positive rate of LMP-1 expression was much high in HL patients with albumin <40 g/L and age ≥ 45 years (P < 0.05). There was no relation of LMP-1 expression and CD68(+) TAM count with the short term therapeutic efficacy of HL patients, but the overall survival time of LMP-1 positive patients among patients followed-up for ≥ 5 years was short (P < 0.05). Moveover, no correlation of CD68(+) TAM count with the overall survival time of HL patients was found. It is concluded that the high count of CD68(+) TAM is more observed in LMP-1 positive expression of HL tissue, the LMP-1 expression states relates both with the pathological types, age and albumin level of patient with HL. The HL patients with LMP-1 positive expression have poor prognosis, suggesting that LMP-1 may be a new prognostic marker for HL patients.