ABSTRACT
Acquired hemophilia A is a deficiency disease caused by blood coagulation factor Ⅷ antibodies due to a variety of causes, The disease incidence rate is extremely low, but the mortality rate is high. This disease is often misdiagnosed,resulting in delays in treatment, so early diagnosis and timely treatment is crucial for reducing the mortality. The principle of treatment for the disease is mainly to control acute bleeding, eradicate inhibitor, and treat the primary disease,therefore, rational and personalized choices of treatment are also critical.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and immunologic regulation function of interleukin-23 and its related cytokines in chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) patients. Levels of cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) were detected by reverse-transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction in 30 patients with chronic ITP and 15 healthy volunteers. The quantity of IL-23, IL-12, IL-17 in serum was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that low detectable mRNA levels of IL-23p19, IL-12p35, IL-27 and IL-12p40 were found in all patients and healthy persons. Trace of IL-17 mRNA were expressed in PBMNC of part of patients and normal controls. Levels of IL-12p35, IL-27, IL-17 mRNA between healthy persons and chronic ITP patients were not statistically different. Compared with normal controls, patients showed the lower expression levels of IL-23p19 and IL-12p40 mRNA (p < 0.01). The IL-12 levels of chronic ITP patients were significantly higher than that of normal controls (p < 0.01). The IL-23 and IL-17 levels of chronic ITP patients were same to that of normal controls. It is concluded that the imbalance of T cell subsets in ITP patients mainly associated with IL-12, but not with IL-23 and IL-17.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Case-Control Studies , Chronic Disease , Interleukin-12 , Metabolism , Interleukin-12 Subunit p35 , Metabolism , Interleukin-12 Subunit p40 , Metabolism , Interleukin-17 , Metabolism , Interleukin-23 , Metabolism , Interleukin-23 Subunit p19 , Metabolism , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective: High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) methods were developed for the determination of ganciclovir and its related substances. Methods: A Hypersil ODS2 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm) was used with a mobile phase of 0.02 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 6.0)-methanol (92:8) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and UV detector set at 254 nm was used for monitoring the eluents. Results: The method was simple, rapid, selective and capable of separating all related substances at trace level with a detection limit of 0.04 μg/mL. It has been validated with respect to accuracy, precision, linearity, and limits of detection and quantification. The linearity range was 10.2-153.0 μg/mL with r = 0.9998. The percentage recoveries ranged from 96.7% to 101.6%, and RSD was 1.24%-1.96% (n = 5). Conclusion: The method was found to be suitable not only for monitoring the reactions during the process development but also for quality control of ganciclovir. For identification of related substances, LC/MS was used. The mainly related substances of ganciclovir active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) were determined as guanine, (1, 3-dioxolan-4-yl) methyl acetate, and diacetyl guanine.