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Amisulpride,a kind of the second generation antipsychotics,was marketed in China in 2010.A series of clinical research and experience before and after listed,especially the data based on Chinese population,provided evidence for the generalization and application of amisulpride.In order to optimize the clinical application of amisulpride,and improve the prognosis of patients,Expert Advice on the Practical Use of Amisulpride in the Treatment of Schizophrenia is presented here.This advice is based on the recent evidence and clinical experience,for guiding the clinical medication of amisulpride.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of group cognitive behavioral therapy on blood glucose levels,anxiety and depression in patients with type2 diabetes mellitus.Methods Ninety three patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited and randomly divided into intervention group (n =48) and control group (n =45).Both groups received diabetes health education,patients in intervention group received additional group cognitive behavioral therapy.The glucose tolerance,glycosylated hemoglobin A1c were measured; the HAMA(Hamilton Anxiety Scale)scores,HAMD(Hamilton Depression Scale)scores and CSQ (Coping Styles Questionnaire) scores in patients were analyzed before and 6 months after treatment.Results After 6-month treatment the fasting blood glucose (6.33 mmol/L vs.5.94 mmol/L),1 h postprandial plasma glucose(12.40 mmol/L vs.11.46 rmool/L),2 h postprandial plasma glucose (10.24 mmol/L vs.9.13 mmol/L),A1 c (6.31％ vs.6.07％) in intervention group were decreased significantly,compared to baseline values (all P ＜ 0.05).The HAMA total score (9.98 vs.8.14),somatic anxiety (3.98 vs.3.48),psychic anxiety(6.00 vs.4.67),HAMD total score(10.74 vs.6.93),anxiety somatic(5.02 vs.3.26),block(2.24 vs.1.38)and sleep disorders(2.40 vs.1.40)in intervention group were all decreased significantly(P ＜ 0.01 or 0.05).There were significant differences in HAMA total score (8.14 vs.9.15),HAMD total score(6.93 vs.9.33),anxiety somatic(3.26 vs.4.38),block(1.38 vs.1.98)and sleep disorders(1.40 vs.2.03)between the intervention group and control group(P ＜ 0.01 or 0.05).And the negative coping style scores in intervention group was also lower than that of the baseline (26.74 vs..29.43).Conclusion The group cognitive behavioral therapy combined with diabetes health education for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus may improve the glucose metabolism and depression and anxiety status of patients.
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Objective To explore the morphological changes of the brain structure in youngsters first-episode depression.Methods Collecting 1 6 youngsters patients with first-episode depression and 1 6 healthy volunteers,separately examining morphological changes in their brain regions by MRI,and then analyzing data by Voxel-Based Morphometry in order to observe the damaged brain areas in depression patients.Results Comparing with control group,gray mater volume of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right fusiform gyrus decreased in depression patients.The gray matter density of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex showed negative correlation with HAMD scores.Conclusion The gray matter decreased in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right fusiform gyrus in youngsters first-episode depression patients.In addition,the gray matter density of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex had negative correlation with HAMD scores.
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Objective:To explore how coping style and social support influence the quality of life in patients with impaired glucose tolerance, which act respectively as the internal and external mediating ways. Methods:A total of 283 patients with impaired glucose tolerance from 6 Three-A hospitals in China were surveyed with self-rating anxiety scale, self-rating depression scale, trait coping style questionnaire, social support scale, and WHOQOL-BREF. Results:Biographic data failed to predict the quality of life in patients with impaired glucose tolerance, while anxiety, depression, social support and coping style significantly influenced their quality of life. Conclusion:The fact that emotional disorder, social support and coping style influence the quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes also exists in patients with impaired glucose tolerance.
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Objective To detect the genetic association between schizophrenia and rs1042724,rs384470 polymorphism at nucleotide of the nicotine-like acetylcholinergic receptor gene. Methods Observed in a sample of 98 parent/offspring trios where the proband net the American Classification and diagnostic Criteria for Mental Disorders. The Forth Revised Edition, criteria for schizophrenia using transmission/disequilibrium test(TDT) analysis. The polymorphism of nicotine-like acetylcholinergic receptor gene was detected with PCR methods and SNP typing in all nucleus families. Results Using a family-based association design we obtained evidence of an association between schizophrenia and allele of the rs1042724 polymorphism in the nicotine-like acetylcholinergic receptor gene(RR=1.31,2 (RR)=3.96,P＜0.05). Moreover the fact that transmission disequilibrium was observed when one affected offspring was selected at random from each family, suggesting that the results are due to association(McNemar 2 = 4.21,P＜0.05). There is no association between schizophrenia and rs1042724 polymorphism in the nicotine-like acetylcholinergic receptor gene (McNemar 2 =2.34,P＞0.05). Conclusion It shows an association between schizophrenia and the rs1042724 polymorphism at nucleotide of the nicotine-like acetylcholinergic receptor gene in Chinese.
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Objective To explore the association among the depression,symptom phnotypes and polymorphism TPH A218C in the Han Chinese.Methods TPH A218C was determined using a PCR-based technique.TPH was genotyped using restriction fragment length polymorphism in 70 patients affected by depression and 70 unrelated controls.We evaluated the symptom phenotypes of cases applying the Hamilton Rating Scale for depression(HAMD). Results The TPH A218C genotype distribution in 70 patients with major depression was significantly different from that in controls(?2=6.946,P=0.031).The C allele in patients(44.3%) was significantly more frequent than in controls(24.3%) but the A allele(55.7%) and A/A genotype(31.4%) were significantly less frequent than in controls(75.7% and 62.9%)(?2=6.946,P=0.031).Meanwhile,among the males,a trend was observed toward an excess of TPH C/C(12.5% vs.6.3%) in patients and excess of TPH A/A in controls(75.0% vs.25.0%)(?2=8.103,P=0.017).There were no significant differences in three genotypes distribution among symptom phenotypes of cases.Conclusion There was an association between TPH A218C polymorphism and depression.The findings raise the possibility that TPH A218C polymorphism may exert differential effects based on gender.There is no association among TPH A218C polymorphism and symptom phenotypes of depression.
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Objective To measure neuro-biochemical changes in brain of first episode major depression (MD) patients. Methods Single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic (1H-MRS) examination of bilateralis frontal lobe and hippocampus was conducted in 21 first episode major depression patients and 21 age-, sex-and education-matched healthy controls. After this, major depression patients took selectivity serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for three months. Then, we examined the changes in NAA, Cho, Cr, Glx and mI in bilaterlis frontal lobe and hippocampus of patients. Finally, we compared the metabolism of the subjects with that of the controls. Results ① Bilateralis frontal lobe NAA/Cr, right frontal lobe Glx/Cr and left hippocampus NAA/Cr and Glx/Cr were significantly lower in MD patients than in the controls, but right frontal lobe and right hippocampus mI/Cr significantly were higher than those in controls. ② After treatment left frontal lobe and left hippocampus NAA/Cr significantly increased compared with pretherapy. Right frontal lobe mI/Cr significantly decreased. Conclusion Nerve cell activity disorder, abnormal second messenger and glutamicacid and glutamine may be involved in the pathogenesis of MD. Antidepressant can regulate abnormal metabolism and improve nerve cell activity.
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Objestive:To explore the personality traits of patients with major depression and dysthymic disorder in remission and to determine the difference of dimension ,trait level ,model of personality and personality disorder between depressive and normal subjects.Methods: major depression patients( MDD, n =58) and dysthymic disorder patients(DD, n =57) in remission and controls( n =115) were assessed with Revised NEO Personality Inventory(NEO-PI-R) and Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire( PDQ +4 ) .Results:The mean scores of Extroversion and Conscientiousness of five-factor personality model of NEO-PI-R in MDD and DD were significantly lower than those of normal group. The scores of Neuroticism of DD were significantly higher than those of MDD. The scores of Agreeableness of MDD were significantly higher than those of normal groups;The difference of thirty traits personality model had statistical significance between depressives and normal subjects. The scores of Anxiety(N1) and Self-Consciousness(N4)of DD were significantly higher than those of MDD. The scores of Activity(E4) and Trust(A1)of DD were significantly lower than those of MDD;The mean scores of 7 subscales of PDQ +4 in depression group were significantly higher than those of normal group . The scores of Schizotypal personality disorder of DD were significantly higher than those of MDD, The scores of Hysteria personality disorder of DD were significantly higher than those of normal group.Conclusion: The major depressive and dysthymic disorder patients in remission showed the differences of dimension ,trait level ,and model of personality.The personality disorder of DD was more than those of MDD.
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Objective:To explore the personality types a nd the features of clinical subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods:82 cases of OCD were tested using Chinese MMPI that w as revised by MMPI normative cooperative group. We used MMPI-B auto-analysis sys tem made by Ji Shumao et al to calculate the basis scores and T scores of 73 sca les.Results:Basis scores (+K)of scales F,Hs,D,Hy,P d,Pa,Pt,Sc,(males and females)and Si,Mf(males) and K (females) on OCD group were higher that the scores of the normal group. The two-point code of T scores in O CD was 72/27.The factor analysis in 13 scales showed that there were fo ur personality factors in OCD: neuroticism factor (Hs,Hy,D,Pt), psychotic factor (F,Pd,Sc),suspicious factor( F,Ma,Pa), Social introvers ion factor (L,Si,Mf).82 cases of OCD were divided into three groups by K-means o f quick cluster analysis,T scores of 73 MMPI scale s were different among three groups (P<0.000).Conclusio n:The ps ychological features a nd comorbidity and responses to psychotherapy of three groups OCD are different.
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ObjectiveThe psychologic health level of college and secondaryschool students and the relevant fac- tors were investigated to scientific basis and guidance for school mental health work. MethodsStandard 1251 cases were drawn from 1% of students in colleges and middle schools of Shaanxi province. Taking 14 psychic health level indexes in SCL-90 as dependent variable and 109 indexes of psychic health back ground as in-dependent variable, multi-factor analyses have been made. Results22.6 % of students had relatively serious psychological problems. The score of SCL-90 in females was a little bit higher than that in males. The scores of students at both universities and se- nior middle schools were higher than that in junior middle schools students. The score of SCL-90 of students who came from the countryside was higher than that of city students. The score of the whole students was higher than that of the normal. The students with psychic problems showed obsession, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, paranoia and hostility. Factor-analysis showed that influencing factors included history of positive individual risking behavior, physical conditions,grade,address, family influences, menses and sexual prombles, bad relation with others, poor self-assessment. ConclusionThe psychologic health level of the students investigated is lower than that of the whole society. The factors, which hamper psychic health of students, are biological ,psychological and social in nature.
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Objectives: To find out the current situation of the reproductive and the mental health about the countrywomen in the northwest of China,and explore the influence of the reproductive and the mental health under the biological,psychological and social factor.Methods: Self-rating depression scale(SDS)and Self-rating anxiety scale(SAS) and life event scale(LES) have been used,and do 608 samples survey in Xi'an of Shaanxi about their reproductive and the mental health.Results: The research clarified that 25.3% of the countrywomen are in anxious mood and 35.0% of them are in depressed mood.The main factors that influence them are economic,marriage and family problems.Conclusion: The current situation of the psychological health about the countrywomen is worth concerning.While doing work to pretect the women health,pay attention to the mental needs of women and the characteristics of their psychological problems and change the protecting ways in time.
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Objective: to measure anxiety status and explore integrated factors about anxiety of countrywomen in Shaanxi, then put forward to suggestions for improving women's mental health under the bio - psycho - social medical model. Methods: A cross - sectional survey was adopted. 592 married countrywomen volunteers were selected by cluster random sampling from Chang'an district of Xi'an in Shaanxi province. Self - rating anxiety scale, Self - rating depression scale and Life events scale were used for assessment of mental health of the subjects. Additional, gynecologic examinations were done to measure personal reproductive health status. Results: The facts of mental status of Shaanxi rural women brook no optimism. Among the 592 samples that were investigated in current study, 25. 3% have anxiety symptoms. For the study population, the average total index score of SAS was 34. 34. Further analysis revealed that dysmenorrhea, menarche age and depression are main risk factors influencing women's anxiety status. In addition, married countrywomen's anxiety is related to sexual intercourse satisfaction, uterus motion and per capita health care spending, etc.
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Objective: To find out the current situation of the reproductive health about countrywomen in west of China,and explore the factor of the reproductive health under social medicine theory framework.Methods: Summarize literature about women reproductive which have been done recently,and do 608 samples survey in Xi'an of Shaanxi,which is about the current situations of social economic,reproductive health,gynecological diseases and mental health.Results: The research clarified the primary connotation about the reproductive health of countrywomen,and identified the current situation of countrywomen reproductive health in Shaanxi province of China.Conclusion: The situation of countrywomen reproductive health is far away from the demand of strategic target of "Everyone enjoys the reproductive care since 2015",and the countrywomen are on the hip in birth control,bearing culture,acquirement of health knowledge and primary diathesis.
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Objective:To explore the personality types and the features of clinical subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods:82 cases of OCD were tested using Chinese MMPI that was revised by MMPI normative cooperative group. We used MMPI-B auto-analysis system made by Ji Shumao et al to calculate the basis scores and T scores of 73 scales.Results:Basis scores (+K)of scales F,Hs,D,Hy,Pd,Pa,Pt,Sc,(males and females)and Si,Mf(males) and K (females) on OCD group were higher that the scores of the normal group. The two-point code of T scores in OCD was 72/27.The factor analysis in 13 scales showed that there were four personality factors in OCD: neuroticism factor (Hs,Hy,D,Pt), psychotic factor(F,Pd,Sc),suspicious factor( F,Ma,Pa), Social introversion factor (L,Si,Mf).82 cases of OCD were divided into three groups by K-means of quick cluster analysis,T scores of 73 MMPI scales were different among three groups ( P
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Objective To investigate the association of the polymorphism of serotonin transporter gene linked polymorphic(5-HTTLPR) region with depression and its clinical symptoms in the Han Chinese.Methods PCR-based technique was used to genotype 5-HTTLPR in 64 patients with major depression and 67 unrelated controls,and the association between the polymorphism and clinical symptoms of depression was explored according to HAMD score.Results Fewer patients tended to be of L/L genotype(9.4%) than controls(19.4%),but there was no significant difference.Among women,fewer patients tended to be of L/L genotype(2.9%) than controls(13.9%),but there was no significant difference.The symptom analysis showed that depressive symptoms were significantly associated with 5-HTTLPR genotypes or alleles in the patients of L/L genotype,and that L allele had significantly lower depressive scores compared with those of other genotypes or alleles(P
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Objective To explore the personality characters of patients with mental disorders and to determine the differences of dimension,trait level and model of personality between patients and normal subjects.Methods The patients with mental disorders(n=376) and normal subjects(n=368) were assessed with revised NEO personality inventory(NEO-PI-R).Results The mean scores of extroversion(E) and conscientiousness(C) of five-factor personality model of NEO-PI-R in patients were significant lower than those in normal group((P
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Objective To explore the effects of psychosocial f actors including life events and coping style on the onset of upper digestive tr act cancer. Methods A total of 98 patients with upper diges tive tract cancer were chosen as experiment group, while 98 healthy persons were chosen as control group, who matched with experiment group in habits, age, sex and education background. Both the two groups were studied by Life Event Scale a nd Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire. The difference between the contributio n of psychosocial factors in the two groups was analyzed. Results The stimulating amount and frequency of negative life events in experimen t group were much higher than those in control group, while those of its positiv e life events were much lower. The total score of passive coping style in experi ment group was higher than that in control group, while the total score of posit ive coping style was lower. Conclusion Stress may be one of the etiological factors in causing upper digestive tract cancer, and passive co ping style may also be a risk factor for the etiology of upper digestive tract c ancer.
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Objective To explore the contribution of psychoso cial factors including personality and social support to the onset of upper dige stive tract cancer. Methods Ninety-eight patients with up per digestive tract cancer were chosen as disease group, with 98 healthy persons as control group, who matched with disease group in habitation, age, sex and ed ucation level. Both the two groups were studied by Eysenck Personality Questionn aire (EPQ) and social support scale. The differences between the two groups were analyzed. Results The E score of EPQ in disease group was lower than that in control group, but its P and L scores were higher, and the su pport utilization degree in disease group was much lower than that in control gr oup. Positive correlation was found between the E score of EPQ and social suppor t utilization degree in disease group. Conclusion The onset of upper digestive tract cancer is correlated with personality and social suppo rt.
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Objective To measure metabolism in brain of first episode major depression patients with 1H-MRS.Methods Single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic(1H-MRS) examination of bilateralis frontal lobe and hippocampus was conducted in 23 patients with first episode major depression and 23 age-,sex-and education-matched healthy controls.We examined the metabolism such as NAA,Cho,Cr,Glx and mI in bilaterlis frontal lobe and hippocampus of patients.Results Bilateralis frontal lobe NAA/Cr,right frontal lobe Glx/Cr and left hippocampus NAA/Cr and Glx/Cr were significantly lower in MD patients versus controls,but right frontal lobe and right hippocampus mI/Cr significantly higher than in controls.Conclusion Nerve cell activity disorder,abnormal second messenger and glutamicacid and glutamine may be involved in the pathogenesis of major depression.
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Objective To explore the relationship between parental rearing behavior and the depressive disorders in adolescents,and to provide objective basis for the prevention and treatment of the depressive disorders.Methods A total of 73 depressed patients were chosen as the disease group,with a control group of 81 healthy persons of similar age,sex,education level and civil status.The depressed patient must meet depressive episode unipolar criteria and HAMD scores were more than 18.Results In males,the scores of father penalty and rejection factors and mother emotional warmth,and over-protection and over-involvement factors were significantly different from those in the control normal group.In females,the scores of father emotional warmth and penalty and rejection factors and mother emotional warmth and rejection factors were significantly different from those in the control normal group.Conclusion Parental rearing behavior plays an important role in the etiology of depression in adolescents.