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Objective:To investigate the total radioactivity in drinking well water around the Bayanwula uranium mine.Methods:Totally 174 samples of drinking well water and 5 samples of filtered well water from residential houses were collected during dry and wet seasons in 2020 around the Bayanwula uranium mine. Total α and total β radioactivity in dry season and wet season were analyzed for detrmining whether there were differences between them and the relation between total radioactivity with different locations away from the uranium center. The radioactivity in filtered drinking well water used in residential houses was also investigated. Radioactivity were measured and analyzed using low background alpha and beta radioactivity meters, and the data were analysed using SPSS analytical statistical method.Results:In the drinking well water around Bayanwula uranium mine, the activity concentrations of total α and β measured in dry season were 0.024-2.468 Bq/L with a mean of (0.605±0.507) Bq/L and 0.125-1.395 Bq/L with a mean of (0.420±0.235) Bq/L, respectively. The values measured in wet season were 0.049-2.988 Bq/L with a mean of (0.825±0.605) Bq/L for total α and 0.059-1.623 Bq/L with a mean of (0.506±0.265) Bq/L for total β, respectively. The average value of total radioactivity in water samples was lower within 10, 30 and 20 km of the uranium mine in the descending order.Conclusions:The radioactivity in well water around the Bayanwula uranium mine is high, with the total α and β in samples greater in wet season than in the dry season and without elevated levels as compared to the pre-mining background.
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Objective To comprehensively obtain the present situation of medical radiation protection resources by investigating the basic information of all medical institutions in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China from 2017 to 2019. Methods An investigation was conducted on the basic information of medical institutions according to the unified plan of medical radiation protection monitoring project issued in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, involving all radiodiagnostic medical institutions throughout the region. Results By the end of 2019, there were 1195 radiological diagnosis and treatment institutions, 7285 radiation workers, 2705 sets of radiological diagnostic equipment, 36 medical accelerators, and 22 sets of nuclear medicine equipment in the whole region. Conclusion The radiological diagnosis and treatment resources in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region are developing rapidly. However, the problems of insufficient per capita resources and uneven development among the cities are becoming increasingly prominent.
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Objective:To ascertain the level of radioactivity in drinking water in Inner Mongolia region, and analyze the reasons why the total alpha radioactivity index is high in drinking water in some areas thereof.Methods:Water samples with high total alpha radioactivity index were collected in some towns in the region on the basis of surveyed result , with the causes of abnormal radioactivity index being analyzed, using low background α radioactivity measuring instrument, microuranium analyzer, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, to estimate the accumulative effective dose caused by ingestion of radioactivity in drinking water.Results:The total alpha activity was 0.508-1.008 Bq/L in tap water samples and 0.507-1.965 Bq/L in finished water samples. Uranium concentration was 3.41-35.71 μg/L in tap water measured using laser fluorescence method and 3.62-32.61 μg/L in finished water measured using laser fluorescence method, respectively. The concentration of 238U and 232Th in tap water measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was 5.83-34.36 μg/L, 0.002-0.359 μg/L, respectively, while that in finished water was 5.62-29.41 μg/L, 0.003-0.327 μg/L, respectively. Conclusions:Based on the repeated measurement analysis of drinking water samples from some areas in Inner Mongolia, the high level of total α radioactivity in water samples is caused by uranium, and the high content of uranium leads to a high total alpha value.
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Objective@#To understand the current situation of school tuberculosis prevention and control system and the implementation of daily prevention and control measures, and to provide a reference for strengthening the prevention and control of tuberculosis in schools.@*Methods@#A random sampling method was used to select schools where on site questionnaire survey was carried out, including 156 junior high schools, 78 senior high schools and 6 universities. SPSS 25.0 was used for descriptive analysis and chi square test.@*Results@#The average annual screening rates of junior high school, senior high school and university from 2015 to 2020 were 58.84%, 71.71% and 84.41% respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2=61 247.39， P <0.01). The average annual TB detection rates were 8.69/10 5, 50.89/10 5 and 36.51/10 5 respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2=101.20， P <0.01). The screening rate of TB screening in 2015-2020 years increased by year( χ 2 trend =70 052.10, 86 182.82 , 22 213.56， P <0.01). The detection rate of TB among junior high schools and high schools has been increasing year by year( χ 2 trend =9.27, 12.23, P <0.01). From 2015 to 2020, the proportion of tuberculosis screening, contact history, PPD and chest screening increased by year in junior high school and senior high school freshmen, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2=129.10, 118.10, 206.92, 37.67; 108.79, 84.90, 139.84, 51.82, P <0.01). The proportion of chest X ray screening in universities increased by year( χ 2 trend =18.33， P <0.01). In 2019, poor performance on TB control in universities mainly included, including the school responsibility system for tuberculosis prevention and control, the school s annual TB work plan and absenteeism registration and etiology tracing, the proportion was 50.00 %, 0 and 16.67% respectively, compared with junior high school and senior high school, the difference was statistically significant( P <0.05). The prevalence rates of junior high school, senior high school and university students were 33.75/10 5, 90.10/10 5 and 54.20/10 5 respectively in 2019, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2=104.36， P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#The proportion of TB screening for freshmen in Chongqing increased significantly during 2015- 2020. High school students are still the focus of school based tuberculosis prevention and control. Improving the proportion of tuberculosis screening，strengthening and standardizing physical examination and screening，and establishing a clear responsibility system for prevention and control are effective means to prevent and control the spread of tuberculosis on campus.
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Objective To analyze the levels of entrance surface dose (ESD) to patients from diagnostic medical X-ray examinations in Inner Mongolia autonomous region.Methods The investigation of diagnostic medical X-ray examinations was completed in 30％ of the number of hospitals under the requirement of the program plan of the national survey on frequency and dose from medical exposure.The investigation of ESDs to patients from general diagnostic X-ray examinations was carried out in terms of the scale of annual outpatients in different levels of hospital.The difference in ESDs to patients was compared for different equipments,different grade hospitals and different exposure sites,with the comparison result being subjected to rank sum test.Results In all types of diagnostic medical X-ray equipment,DR photography equipment accounted for the majority.During various routine diagnostic X-ray examinations,the average ESDs was lumbar vertebral 3.39 mGy,pelvic and hip 1.65 mGy,cervical spine 0.90 mGy,extremities 0.38 mGy and thorax 0.37 mGy,respectively.In the diagnostic examinations of chest,lumbar and cervical spine,the ESDs caused by the use of screen film photography equipment were higher than those by DR photography equipment,with statistically significant difference (Z =-3.229,-4.820,-5.265,P＜0.05).Conclusions Screen film photography equipment results in higher ESD than DR photography equipment.The doctor's operation behavior is an important factor that affects the ESD.
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Objective@#To analyze the levels of entrance surface dose (ESD) to patients from diagnostic medical X-ray examinations in Inner Mongolia autonomous region.@*Methods@#The investigation of diagnostic medical X-ray examinations was completed in 30% of the number of hospitals under the requirement of the program plan of the national survey on frequency and dose from medical exposure. The investigation of ESDs to patients from general diagnostic X-ray examinations was carried out in terms of the scale of annual outpatients in different levels of hospital. The difference in ESDs to patients was compared for different equipments, different grade hospitals and different exposure sites, with the comparison result being subjected to rank sum test.@*Results@#In all types of diagnostic medical X-ray equipment, DR photography equipment accounted for the majority. During various routine diagnostic X-ray examinations, the average ESDs was lumbar vertebral 3.39 mGy, pelvic and hip 1.65 mGy, cervical spine 0.90 mGy, extremities 0.38 mGy and thorax 0.37 mGy, respectively. In the diagnostic examinations of chest, lumbar and cervical spine, the ESDs caused by the use of screen film photography equipment were higher than those by DR photography equipment, with statistically significant difference (Z=-3.229, -4.820, -5.265, P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Screen film photography equipment results in higher ESD than DR photography equipment. The doctor′s operation behavior is an important factor that affects the ESD.
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Objective To obtain the information on frequency of diagnostic medical X-ray examination and age distribution of examined individuals surveyed through samples from 12 hospitals in Inner Mongolia region to provide the basis for the optimization of medical exposure.Methods Stratified sampling method was used to select 12 hospitals in the region to survey the information of examined patients on sex,age and exposed location of patients undergoing medical X-ray examination in 2015 and 2016.Based on the information on number of inpatients,number of inpatients and total number of staff,the total frequency of medical X-ray examinations in the region for 2015 and 2016 was estimated by using multiple linear regression model.Results The survey showed that the total frequency of medical exposure was,in decreasing order,tertiary hospitals ＞ secondary hospitals ＞ primary hospitals,and meanwhile the general hospitals ＞ specialized hospitals.Values on frequency in general hospitals in 2015 and 2016 were 223 examinations per 1 000 population and 233 per 1 000 in conventional X-ray examination,96 per 1 000 and 125 per 1 000 in CT examination,1 per 1 000 and 2 per 1 000 in fluoroscopy,35 per 1 000 and 19 per 1 000 in dental radiology,1 per 1 000 and 2 per 1 000 in breast fluoroscopy in the region,respectively.Conclusions The frequency of radiological diagnosis and treatment in Inner Mongolia showed an rapid upward trend,but varied greatly dependent on the levels and types of medical institutions.Further surveys should be expanded with focuses on their comprehensiveness and relevancy.
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Objective To determine activity concentrations of natural and artificial radionuclides in the surface soils in Huhhot city,measure environmental radiation level,and evaluate risks to residents health.Methods Radionuclides in 48 surface soil samples were determined by means of the high purity germanium γ spectrometer;environmental radiation level was measured using an environment γ dose rate meter;comparison was made of average activity concentrations in soils between domestically and globally;and the radiation dose to the local residents was estimated by using the methods recommended by UNSCEAR and reported in the related literatures.Results The average values for specific activity of 238U,232Th,226 Ra,40K and137 Cs in the surface soil samples in Huhhot city were (29.29 ± 12.95),(39.33±4.34),(29.77 ±3.21),(650.49 ±62.21) and (1.62 ± 1.53) Bq/kg,respectively;the measured air absorbed dose rate was (86.32 ± 11.92) nGy/h;the annual effective dose to local residents from outdoor γ radiation was 79.27 μSv/year.Conclusions The specific activities of radionulcides in soils and the environmental radiation in surface soil in Huhhot city were at a normal background level,with low risks to health of the local residents.
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Objective To ascertain the gross α/β levels in drinking water in Inner Mongolia and to estimate the annual effective dose to the local residents from radionuclides in drinking water.Methods A total of 768 water samples were collected from 101 counties distributed over 12 cities of Inner Mongolia.Low background α/β measuring instrument was used to measure the radioactivity level;On this basis,use EPA Federal Guidance Report 11 universal method to estimate the annual effective dose to the local residents via intake of radionuclides from drinking water.Results The gross α radioactivity range was 0.016-1.003 Bq/L for tap water,O.016-0.975 Bq/L for factory water,0.017-1.544 Bq/L for river water,0.120-0.672 Bq/L for lake water,0.016-0.492 Bq/L for reservoir water,0.016-1.139 Bq/L for well water,0.032-3.156 Bq/L for spring water,respectively.The gross β radioactivity range was 0.030-0.828 Bq/L for tap water,0.031-0.571 Bq/L for factory water,0.066-0.873 Bq/L for river water,0.169-2.268 Bq/L for lake water,0.046-0.519 Bq/L for reservoir water,0.071-0.526 Bq/L for well water,0.087-1.063 Bq/L for spring water,respectively.Conclusions In Inner Mongolia,the gross α/β mean value in tap water is less than the World Health Organization-recommended value and the average annual effective dose from tap water is also less than the WHO-recommended value O.1 mSv/a.The gross α/β radioactivity from the other water samples is also within the range of the nationwide average.
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Objective To determine the gross radioactivity in drinking water in Chifeng city and to estimate the annual effective dose associated with intake of radionuclides from drinking water.Methods Water samples were collected at locations distributed in 12 counties across Chifeng city, and radioactivity was measured with a low background α/β measuring instrument and HPGe γspectrometer.Results Gross α radioactivity in drinking water was in the range of 0.016-1.230 Bq/L and gross β radioactivity in the range of 0.039-0.878 Bq/L in Chifeng city.The average annual effective dose to the local population from gross α radioactivity was 0.071 mSv/a.Conclusions The grossα/β level in Chifeng city is lower than the World Health Organization-recommended value and the average annual effective dose due to drinking water is within the recommended safety level.
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Objective To study the influence of crosstalk phenomenon on the measurement of gross radioactivity in drinking water.Methods The gross activity in different standard materials with different thickness and area was measured using national standard method.Results There was no obvious change in crosstalk factor with the increase of 241Am powder amount in the measurement,whereas the larger amount of uranium used might lead to larger crosstalk factor.The different measurement channels resulted in different crosstalk factors.The influence of beta radioactivity on alpha radioactivity measurement was significant.On the contrary,the alpha-to-beta crosstalk factor was negligible.The area of sample plate imposed no significant influence on crosstalk factor.Conclusions The gross beta activity can be corrected to decrease the influence of alpha radioactivity using powder standard samples,when simultaneous alpha and beta counting mode is applied in measurement grass radioactivity in drinking water.
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Objective To ascertain the uranium concentrations and uranium isotopic ratios in drinking water in Xilingol League,the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Methods Drinking water samples were collected in Xilingol League,the Inner Mongolia Autonomous.Region inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was applied to determine the concentration of uranium and uranium isotope abundance.Results The uranium concentrations in all samples were in the range of 2.73-18.9μg/L,with an average of 8.20 μg/L.Tbe234U/238U isotope ratio varied from 7.513 × 10-5to 3.003 × 10-4 and235U/238U from 7.196 × 10-3 to 7.391 × 10-3.The relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 0.5％ for234U/238U and 0.2％ for235 U/238U.Conclusions The uranium concentration in samples collected from Dongwuqi was high than 15 μg/L,whih is the limit given by World Health Organization (WHO).The uranium in drinking water originates from the natural environment.The234U is enriched in drinking water.
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Objective To increase externally-assigned response, improve energy response of CR39 and develop positive fast/thermal neutron personal dosimeter applicable for occupational exposure in oil and gas field logging by using pre-recoil layer.Methods The externally-assigned response of CR39 detector was improved through increasing the track density by using the α particle induced by the reaction of 10B(n,α) 7Li with the BN as pre-recoil layer, and the increase was vilified by using both Monte-Carlo simulation and experiment exposed by standard neutron source.Results Fast/thermal neutron personal dosimeter's neutron flux sensitivity and neutron dose equivalent sensitivity were 3.46 × 10-4 track per 0.013 and 52.8 mSv.According to theoretical derivation and experiment of standard 241 Am-Be neutron source, detecting efficiency and energy response of CR39 were effectively improved, and quantitative measurement of dose contributed by thermal neutron was realized.Conclusions CR39 fast/thermal neutron personal dosimeter of high sensitivity is applicable to oil and gas field logging environment and of potential development.
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Objective To study the preventive effect of volatile oil extracted from Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Seeds on the formation of postoperative intra-abdominal adhesion. Methods Thirty-eihgt SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (10), operation group (14) and volatile oil treated group (14):sham operation group was only operated by abdominal incision, the rest two groups were established animal model of abdominal adhesion by rubbing the procussus vermiformis of cecum with dry sterile gauze, clamping and scuffing abdominal wall. Half of rats were separately killed on day 7 and day 14 after surgery, respectively.The degree of adhesion was evaluated according to Phillips 5-scale grade and the feature of this model. Results The scores of intra-abdominal adhesion were significantly lower in the carbachol group than those in operation group both on 7 d and 14 d(P＜0.01 ). Conclusion Volatile oil extracted from Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Seeds may take a significant role in the prevention of postoperative abdominal adhesion in rats.
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Objective To observe the possible mechanism and inhibitory effects of curcumin on pulmonary fibrosis induced bleomycin in rats at the fibrosing stage. Methods 80 male Sprague-Dawley rats were random divided into 4 groups (20 rats in each group). Rats in the fibrosis model group, the prednisone group and the curcumin group were induced by instilled bleomycin through tracheal, rats in the control group with same volume normal saline. Since the 15th day after bleomycin administration, the curcumin group and prednisone group were given curcumin (300 mg/kg) or prednisone (5mg/kg) per day by intragastric administration, respectively. The normal control group and the model group were given 1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose ( 10ml/kg). Six rats of each group were random sacrificed on the 21st, 28th, 42nd and 56th days after bleomycin administration. The histological changes of the pulmonary were evaluated by H. E and Masson dyeing. The expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and hydroxyproline in the tissue of pulmonary were assessed by immunohistochemistry and digestion method. Results Pulmonary fibrosis and hydroxyproline level in the curcumin group were obviously reduced as compared with the model group on the 42nd and 56th day[42 d:1. 28 ±0. 61 vs 2. 28 ±0. 39,P <0. 01 ;(1.73 ±0. 22)mg/g vs (2.50 ±0. 37) mg/g, P <0.01;56 d:1.00 ±0.59 vs 1.73 ±0.36, P< 0. 05; ( 1.57 ± 0. 36) mg/g vs (2. 20 ± 0. 42) mg/g, P < 0. 01 ], and it was also lower than that in prednisone group on the 42nd day( P < 0. 05 ). The expression of TGF-β1 and PDGF in the curcumin group were obviously lower than that in the model group on the 28th, 42nd and 56th day[28 d:TGF-β1 :3642. 05 ±839. 31 vs 5067. 35 ±738. 39, P <0. 05 ;PDGF:2957. 55 ±739. 16 vs 4457. 75 ±568. 39, P <0. 05;42 d: TGF-β1: 2689. 73 ± 529.22 vs 4089. 50 ± 619. 37, P < 0. 01; PDGF: 2834. 46 ± 567. 16 vs 3239. 52 ±628. 26, P <0. 01 ;56 d:TGF-β1: 1968.57 ±408. 36 vs 2968.20 ±498.42, P <0. 01 ;PDGF: 1083.36 ±381.35 vs 2019. 40 ±412. 36, P <0. 01 ], which was lower than that in prednisone group on the 42nd and 56th day (42 d,TGF-β1 :3529. 07 ±981.35,PDGF:2618. 34 ±813. 34;56 d,TGF-β1 :2530. 83 ±439. 37,PDGF: 1738. 35 ±536. 62, Pall <0. 05 ) , and it had no obvious difference compared with control group on the 56th day ( P > 0. 05 ). Conclusion Curcumin could alleviate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats at the fibrosing stage by inhibiting the expressions of TGF-β1 and PDGF.
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Objective To investigate the changes of estrogen receptor expression in mast cells of bronchial mucosa from female asthmatic patients.Methods 12 cases of female asthmatic patients and 9 cases of control female patients were enrolled in this study.The bronchial mucosa was obtained from the third grade bronchial by fiexible bronchofiberscope.Mast cells were marked by anti-mast cell tryptase monoclonal antibody,the expression of estrogen receptor(ER)were detected by anti-human estrogen receptor(ER)monoclonal antibodies.Results Mast cells and estrogen receptor positive cells of bronchial mucosa in female asthmatic patients were significantly higher than that in control group(P＜0.01).Coincident with the known features of bronchial asthma,the cells positive for estrogen receptor were morphologically similar to the mast cells.The cells stained for estrogen receptors by dual immunostaining coincided exactly with cells labeled as mast cells.Conclusion The result suggested the estrogen may be involved in the pathogenesis of female asthmatic patient through the changes of estrogen receptor expression in mast cells of bronchial mucosa.
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Objective To investigate the relationship among peroxisome proliferators - activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), pul-monary arterial systolic pressure(PASP) ,and insulin resistance in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients. Methods A-mong 63 COPD patients, 30 patients with level of PASP above 40mmHg were enrolled in PAH group and other 33 patients were enrolled in COPD group. Twenty healthy medical examination subjects were enrolled in control group. The expression of PPAR-γ, mRNA was detected by real time fluorescent quantitative RT- PCR. Radioimmunoassay was used to measure the level of fasting plasma insulin (FIN). Fasting plas-ma glucose (FPG) was detected by glucose oxidase method. Results The expression of PPAR-γ mRNA was significantly decreased in PAH and COPD group, while FPG, FIN and IRI increased significantly. PAH group had more increased PASP, decreased expression of PPAR-γ and higher IRI than COPD group. Expression of PPAR-γ was negatively related to PASP and IRI. Conclusions The significantly down reg-ulated expression of PPAR-γ maybe explain the higher FPG and PASP.
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Objective To observe the effects of CD4~+ CD25~+ regulatory T cells ( CD4~+ CD25~+ Treg) on the airway inflammation of asthmatic rats. Methods CD4~+ CD25~+ Treg of OVA- immune tolerance rats were transferred to asthmatic rats. Then bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected, and cytology study was conducted. The IL-4, IL-5, IFN-γ and OVA-specific serum IgE level in BALF were determined by ELISA. The lung tissue was obtained, and histologieal analysis was done through H. E. Results Total cells number, the percentage of lymphocytes and neutrophils in BALF, the IL-4 and IL-5 BALF levels and the OVA-specific serum IgE level of adoptive transfer group were decreased ( P < 0.05 ) , and the percentage of eosinophils ( Eos) was significantly lower than that of asthma group ( P < 0.01) , while its BALF IFN-γ level was higher than that of asthma group( P <0. 05). Compared with that of asthma group, peribronchiole inflammatory of treated group was alleviated. Conclusion CD4 ~+ CD25~+ Treg of OVA- immune tolerance rats transferred to asthmatic rats can significantly alleviate the airway inflammation of asthmatic rats.