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Objective@#To investigate the current prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among residents living in Nanchuan District, Chongqing Municipality, so as to provide the evidence for formulating LTBI control measures.@*Methods@#The residents living in one street and one township from Nanchuan District were randomly selected using the multistage cluster sampling method during the period between January and April, 2020, and their demographic information, smoking history, history of alcohol consumption, history of contacts with tuberculosis patients and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin ( BCG ) vaccination scars were collected. The infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected using interferon gamma release assay ( IGRA ), and a positive IGRA test and exclusion of active tuberculosis was defined as LTBI. The prevalence of LTBI was descriptively analyzed among the study subjects.@*Results@#Totally 1 000 residents were recruited, including 381 males and 619 females, with a male to female ratio of 0.62∶1. The mean age was ( 45.87±18.40 ) years. Among all participants, there were 222 smokers ( 22.20% ), 247 subjects consuming alcohol (24.70%), 62 subjects with a history of contacts with tuberculosis patients ( 6.20% ) and 904 subjects with BCG scars ( 90.40% ). A total of 198 residents were diagnosed with LTBI (19.80% prevalence), and a higher prevalence rate of LTBI was seen in men than in women ( 23.36% vs. 17.61%; χ2=4.911, P=0.027 ). The prevalence of LTBI was significantly higher in married/divorced/widowed residents than in unmarried residents ( 24.22% vs. 2.01%; χ2=49.514, P<0.001 ), and significantly greater prevalence was found in smokers than in non-smokers ( 27.93% vs. 17.48%; χ2=11.871, P=0.001 ). The prevalence of LTBI appeared a tendency towards a rise with age ( χ2trend=59.100, P<0.001 ) and body mass index ( χ2trend=9.479, P=0.002 ).@*Conclusions@#The prevalence of LTBI is high among residents living in Nanchuan District, notably among elder, male smokers with high body mass index. Risk monitoring and timely interventions are required.
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Objective To evaluate the contribution of medical institutions in improving pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB) casefinding by analyzing the referral and diagnosis situation of PTB reported by medical institutions.Methods Thenumber of pulmonary tuberculosis cases and the number of tuberculosis patients diagnosed by the network of medical institutions in Chongqing from 2006 to 2015 were obtained by monthly report of tuberculosis control work and Tuberculosis Management Information System in Chongqing county districts,x2 test was used to analyze the reporting level and number of confirmed case with different year and different types of medical institutions.Results PTB or suspected PTB reported by medical institutions though network were 323 603 cases,which showed a upward trend year by year.The referral arrival rate was lower than national average level,and showed a downward trend in recent years.The proportion of confirmed PTB patients reported by medical institutions was found to increase year by year.Contribution rate of active PTB was increased from 10.14％ in 2006 to 52.09％ in 2015(x2 =25 610.75,P＜0.01),and contribution rate of smear positive PTB patients was increased from 6.42％ in 2006 to 52.46％ in 2015(x2 =10 520.65,P＜0.01).Contribution rate of multi-drug resistant PTB patients was 44.9％.Patients found by Municipal or County General Hospital was increased year by year(P＜0.01).The delay time of patients form medical institutions was 56 days,and the average delay rate patient was 79.62 ％.Conclusion The contribution of medical institutions to PTB case-finding is increasing,but the situation of delay is serious.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of prevention and control measures on coal-burning endemic fluorosis in Wulong County of Chongqing.Methods At a county level investigation,seven of the disease affected villages were investigated to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention and control measures on coal-burning endemic fluorosis in Wulong County from October 2012 to April 2013.Dental fluorosis of all children aged 8-12 was examined in every selected village.Urine samples of 50 children were collected and urinary iodine level was determined.The installed improved stoves,the drying of corn and pepper were investigated in every household surveyed.Ten samples of corn and pepper were collected and iodine level was determined.At a city level survey,seven of the disease affected villages were investigated to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention and control measures on coal-burning endemic fluorosis in April 2013.Dental fluorosis of all children aged 8-12 was examined in all villages.Ten households were selected for investigation of the installation of improved stoves,drying of corn and pepper.Children dental fluorosis was diagnosed based on the standard for Diagnosis of Dental FIuorosis (WS/T 208-2011).The fluoride concentration of children's urine was measured according to the standard for Urine-determination of Fluoride-ion Specific Electrode Method (WS/T 89-1996).The fluoride concentration of corn and pepper was measured by the method of fluoride-ion selective electrode.Results The field survey results at the county level showed that the prevalence rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12 was 8.01％ (44/549).The qualified rate of installed improved stoves was 99.56％(3 186/3 200) and the rate of correct usage of improved stoves was 99.78％(3 179/3 186).The correct drying rates of corn and pepper were all 100.00％(2 390/2 390).Three hundred and fourteen urine samples were collected and the fluoride content was 0.25 mg/L.Fifty-eight corn and 58 pepper samples were collected.The fluoride contents of corn and pepper were 0.70,2.09 mg/kg,respectively.At the field survey at city level,seven of the disease affected villages were investigated,the prevalence rate of dental fluorosis of children was 11.28％ (38/337).Seventy households were surveyed for the improved stoves.The qualified rate of installation of improved stoves and the rate of correct usage of improved stoves were all 100.00％(70/70,70/70).The drying of 56 corn and 58 pepper samples was surveyed.The correct drying rates of corn and pepper were all 100.00％(56/56,58/58).Conchsion All villages have reached the elimination criteria of coal-burning endemic fluorosis areas in Wulong County.
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Objective To explore the potential risk factors of schistosomiasis transmission so as to provide evidence for setting up the surveillance scheme of schistosomiasis prevention and control. Methods The schistosome infection of local inhabitants, mobile population and stock from endemic areas were investigated from 2002 to 2007 by using IHA or ELISA technique. The historical endemic reports of Chongqing City and the schistosomiasis cases, and the plants imported from schistosomiasis endemic areas and Oncomelania snails were investigated. The behavior of local inhabitants was also investigated. Results The investigated people included 5 112 local inhabitants, 1 455 mobile people from schistosomiasis endemic areas and 1 744 residents returned from the endemic areas. The sero-positive rates of them were 0.57%, 1.44% and 0.86%, respectively. Eighteen cases of imported schistosomiasis were found. There were many plants and stock imported from the schistosomiasis endemic areas. No imported snail was found. The farming of local inhabitants depended on the cattle chiefly. The rate of the harmless lavatories was 14.88%. The local residents had the habit of water contact. Conclusion There are potential risk factors for schistosomiasis transmission in the Three Gorges Reservoir areas. The local residents have potential risk behavior of getting infection of Schistosoma japonicum. The surveillance should be emphasized on the mobile population, imported plants and stock from endemic areas.
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Objective To understand the correlative factors of impacting schistosomiasis prevalence so as to provide the scientific evidence for drawing up the control project in Three Gorges Reservoir areas.Methods The report system of schistosomiasis was set up,and the cases were investigated.The population were screened by indirect haemagglutination test(IHA),and the serum-positive people were examined with Kato-Katz technique.The livestock and plants imported from the schistosomiasis endemic areas were investigated.Results Eighty-eight floating people returning from schistosomiasis endemic areas and 107 floating persons from endemic areas were investigated,and the serum positive rates were 1.14% and 1.87%,respectively.No schistosome eggs were found in stool examinations.There was no livestock and plant imported from schistosomiasis endemic areas.The production of local inhabitants depended on mainly cattle,and the river water contact was popular.Conclusions There are infection resources of schistosomiasis imported from endemic areas,which has a potential risk of schistosomiasis prevalence.