Risk factors for deep vein thrombosis after a spinal cord injury: A retrospective study / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To explore the risk factors for lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with a spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods:The medical records of 276 hospitalized SCI patients were analyzed retrospectively. They were divided into a DVT group ( n=63) and a no-DVT group ( n=213). Gender, age, blood type, smoking history, surgical history, the time from SCI to admission, cause of SCI, fracture, SCI segments, American Spinal Cord Injury Association grade and complications were compared between the two groups. Binomial logistic regression was used to isolate the risk factors for lower extremity DVT among such patients. Results:Among 84% of the 63 with a lower extremity DVT, it was a calf muscle venous thrombosis. Anemia, hyponatremia and time from SCI to admission (which ranged from 74 to 195 days) were the most serious DVT risk factors.Conclusions:SCI patients are of high risk for DVT, with anemia and hyponatremia being independent risk factors.

Risk factors for neuropathic pain after a spinal cord injury: A retrospective study / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To examine the risk factors for neuropathic pain (NP) after a spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods:A total of 115 patients with a SCI were analyzed retrospectively. They were divided into an NP group of 53 and a non-NP group of 62 according to the occurrence of NP. Gender, age, length of stay, occupation, level of education, cause of injury, spinal fracture, degree of SCI, the injury′s plane and complications at admission (diabetes, hypertension, anemia, venous thrombosis, pressure sores, urinary tract infection or hypoproteinemia) were recorded. T-tests and chi-squared tests were used to compare those factors between the two groups, and multivariate logistic regressions were evaluated to identify the risk factors for NP.Results:Twenty-three of the 53 cases of NP (43%) had developed within 1 month of the SCI. Thirty-seven (75%) experienced pain below the plane of the SCI. The main features reported were squeezing (34%) and numbness (26%). The multivariate logistic regression showed that the occurrence of NP was most strongly related to gender (women being particularly at risk) and venous thrombosis at admission.Conclusions:Women are at particular risk of feeling NP after an SCI, and venous thrombosis is an independent risk factor. NP should be diagnosed and treated quickly to reduce the negative impact on patients′ life quality.

Efficacy of prophylactic irradiation of internal mammary lymph nodes in breast cancer: a Meta-analysis / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of prophylactic irradiation of internal mammary lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer in this Meta-analysis.Methods:CNKI, Wanfang Medical network, CBM, PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched by computer. The controlled clinical studies comparing whether or not internal mammary lymph node irradiation as an intervention were included and the quality of the included literature was evaluated according to Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). RevMan 5.3 software and Stata 14 software were used for Meta-analysis.Results:A total of 11 original articles were included, and 13 181 patients were included for Meta-analysis. There was no statistically significant difference in the overall survival (OS) between patients with and without internal mammary lymph node irradiation ( P=0.490). The subgroup analysis using the date of treatment and the degree of risk in the enrolled population as criteria showed that 5-year OS was significantly increased after internal mammary area irradiation in high-risk stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ patients (N+ , T 3-T 4 stage) with the date of treatment of after 2000( P=0.003, 0.006). Compared with patients without internal mammary area irradiation, internal mammary irradiation significantly increased the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS)( P<0.001). Conclusion:Under the modern radiotherapy technology, internal mammary lymph node irradiation improves the DFS of patients, and may bring OS benefits to high-risk stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ breast cancer patients (N+ , T 3-T 4 stage).

Transcranial magnetic stimulation relieves pain and improves cortical excitability after stroke / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of repeatedly applying transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in treating post-stroke pain (CPSP).Methods Forty stroke survivors experiencing CPSP were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group,each of 20.All of the patients received conventional rehabilitation.In the treatment group,20 patients received 10 Hz rTMS at 80％ of their resting motor threshold applied over the primary motor cortex on their affected side,while those in the control group received sham stimulation.Both groups were treated once a day,6 times a week for 4 weeks.Before and after the treatment,both groups were assessed using a pain score self-assessed on a visual analogue scale (VAS).Their resting motor thresholds (RMTs),cortical silent periods (CSPs) and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were also recorded.Results After the intervention,the average VAS score,RMT,CSP and M EP latency of the treatment group were (3.1±1.2),(51.3±4.8)％,(188.9± 63.0) ms and (27.9±5.7)ms,all significantly better than those before the intervention [(5.1± 1.3),(60.1±5.9)％,(239.7±43.5) ms and (35.5±4.4)ms] (P＜0.05).They were also significantly better than those of the control group after the intervention [(4.7±1.0),(57.6±5.1)％,(241.7±33.9)ms and (31.7±5.2)ms] (P＜0.05).Conclusion Transcranial magnetic stimulation can relieve post-stroke pain.The mechanisms might be related to positive changes in cortical excitability in the affected hemisphere.

Effect of ceftiofur hydrochloride on pharmacokinetics of matrine in rats / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of ceftiofur hydrochloride on the pharmacokinetics of matrine in rats.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The rats were divided into two groups: one group was administrated with matrine only (control group) and the other was administrated with matrine in combination with ceftiofur hydrochloride. HPLC-UV method was used for determining the plasma concentration of matrine in both groups. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from the plasma concentration-time data using the DAS 2. 1. 1 software program.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The main pharmacokinetic parameters for the control group were C(max) = 21.113 9 mg x L(-1), T(max) = 0.75 h, t1/2alpha = 1.34 h, t1/2beta = 3.509 h, AUC(0-t) = 90.984 mg x h(-1) x L(-1) and AUC(0-inifinity) = 100.346 mg x h(-1) x L(-1), and the data for the combination group were C(max) = 11.707 mg x L(-1), T(max) = 0.917 h, t1/2alpha = 1.598 h, t1/2beta = 3.247 h, AUC(0-t) = 53.28 mg x h(-1) x L(-1) and AUC(0-inifinity) = 60.035 mg x h(-1) x L(-1).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The plasma concentration of matrine and bioavailability in combination group were significantly lower than those of the control group. In combination group, matrine had a higher clearance and volume of distribution in the central compartments, as well as a lower volume of distribution in the peripheral compartments.</p>

Study on pharmacokinetics of matrine by intramuscular administration in rat / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the pharmacokinetics of matrine (MT) intramuscular administration in rat.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Plasma concentration of matrine was determined by HPLC under the following conditions: column (Shim-pack VP-ODS, 4. 6 mm x 150 mm, 5 m); eluent (acetonitrile-0.02 mol ammonium acetate buffer-triethylamine 30: 70: 0.04); flow rate was 1 mL x min(-1) and ultraviolet detection wavelength was set at 220 nm; column temperature 40 degrees C; aliquot injected 20 microL. All data of concentration-time of matrine were treated with pharmacokinetics program DAS 2. 1. 1.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>A simple, sensitive and reliable method for determining matrine in rat plasma by HPLC was established. The plasma concentration time profiles of MT fitted in with two-compartment models well, and the main pharmacokinetic parameters found for MT after i. m. infusion were as follows: C(max) = 21.113 9 mg x L(-1), t(max) = 0.75 h, t1/2alpha 1.34 h, t1/2beta = 3.509 h, AUC(0-t) = 90.984 mg x h(-1) x L(-1), AUC(0-infinity) = 100.346 mg x h(-1) x L(-1).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compare with oral administration, the matrine is absorbed well and distributes fast with intramuscular administration; the absolute bioavailability of matrine is higher. According to this, the pharmacological action is also stronger and duration is longer.</p>

Expression and effect of TGF-β1 and HSP47 on gluteal muscle contracture / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To explore the expression and effect of transforming growth factors-β1 (TGF-β1) and heat shock protein (HSP47) on gluteal muscle contracture (GMC). Methods We collected contraction band and adjacent muscle from GMC patients and explored the expression of TGF-β1 and HSP47 using immunohistohemistry, reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Western blot analysis. Results TGF-β1 and HSP47 were intensely expressed in fibroblast cells and vascular endothelial cells. The expression of them increased 8.1-fold and 3.6-fold at the mRNA level, respectively (P<0.05). The same changes were found at the protein level, which increased 11.2-fold and 7.6-fold, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion Up-regulation of TGF-β1 and HSP47 may initiate fibrotic cascade in the gluteal muscles of GMC patients.

The expression of NF-κB and TGF-β1 in the injured kidneys of neonate rats with endotoxemia / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective To investigate the mechanism of the kidney injure in the newborn rats with endotoxemia.Methods Eighty Wistar rats aged 7 days were randomly divided into 2 groups:control group (intraperitoneal injection of saline of 0.1 ml;n = 40),lipopolysaccharide(LPS) group(intraperitoneal injection of LPS of 5 mg/kg;n =40).The rats in either group were killed at 1 h,4 h,8 h and 12 hours after intraperitoneal injection,respectively.The expressions of NF-κB and TGF-β1 in the kidney were detected by using the immunohistochemical assay.Renal ultrastructural changes was observed with a CM100 Philips electron microscope.Results The NF-κB in control group had no expression.NF-κB in LPS group mainly expressed in the renal tubular epithelial cell,increased at 1 h after test and peaked at 8 h,and slightly descended at 12 h.The expression of TGF-β1 in control group was slight,and had not show significant difference from control group at 1 h,4 h and 8 h,but significantly higher than that in control group at 12 h.In LPS group,newborn rat renal glomerular basement membrane was complete,part epithelial cell foot processes were fused and renal tubules epithelial cell mild mitochondria vacuolization was found at 4 h.Renal glomeruli epithelial cell foot processes obvious confluenced,quantities of mesangial cells mitochondria vacuole,and renal tubules epithelial cell mitochondria expanded to bubbles at 12 h.Conclusion The NF-κB involves in the pathogenesis of kidney damage induced by endotoxemia,but TGF-β1 may help to repair the damaged kidney,and may repress the production of NF-κB.

Realizing generalized registration of medical sequence image using mutual information criterion / 中国医学物理学杂志

Mutual information(MI) is a tool of measuring the statistical dependence between two random variables. MI between two images, being considered as two random fields, can be calculated to determine the degree of information redundancy between the image intensities of corresponding pixels in both images. In this paper, we utilize the MI criterion to realize the generalized registration between two neighboring slices in a medical image sequence (CT, MR et al) and consider that they match with each other if the MI between them is maximal. Experimental results confirm performance of our algorithm.