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Objective To investigate the infection and genotypes of Wolbachia in common mosquito species in Henan Province, so as to provide insights into management of mosquito-borne diseases. Methods Aedes, Culex and Anopheles samples were collected from cowsheds, sheepfolds and human houses in Puyang, Nanyang City and Xuchang cities of Henan Province from July to September, 2022, and the infection of Wolbachia was detected. The 16S rDNA and wsp genes of Wolbachia were amplified and sequenced. Sequence alignment was performed using the BLAST software, and the obtained 16S rDNA gene sequence was compared with the sequence of the 16S rDNA gene in GenBank database. In addition, the phylogenetic trees were created based on 16S rDNA and wsp gene sequences using the software MEGA 11.0. Results A total 506 female adult mosquitoes were collected from three sampling sites in Nanyang, Xuchang City and Puyang cities from July to September, 2022. The overall detection of Wolbachia was 45.1% (228/506) in mosquitoes, with a higher detection rate in A. albopictus than in Cx. pipiens pallens [97.9% (143/146) vs. 50.6% (85/168); χ2 = 88.064, P < 0.01]. The detection of Wolbachia in Cx. pipiens pallens was higher in Xuchang City (96.8%, 62/64) than in Nanyang (15.6%, 7/45) and Puyang cities (27.1%, 16/59) (χ2 = 89.950, P < 0.01). The homologies of obtained Wolbachia 16S rDNA and wsp gene sequences were 95.3% to 100.0% and 81.7% to 99.8%. Phylogenetic analysis based on wsp gene sequences showed Wolbachia supergroups A and B in mosquito samples, with wAlbA and wMors strains in supergroup A and wPip and wAlbB strains in supergroup B. Wolbachia strain wAlbB infection was detected in A. albopictus in Puyang and Nanyang Cities, while Wolbachia strain wPip infection was identified in A. albopictus in Xuchang City. Wolbachia strain wAlbA infection was detected in Cx. pipiens pallens sampled from three cities, and one Cx. pipiens pallens was found to be infected with Wolbachia strain wMors in Nanyang City. Conclusions Wolbachia infection is commonly prevalent in Ae. albopictus and Cx. pipiens pallens from Henan Province, and Wolbachia strains wAlbB and wAlbA are predominant in Ae. albopictus, while wPip strain is predominant in Cx. pipiens pallens. This is the first report to present Wolbachia wMors strain infection in Cx. pipiens pallens in Henan Province.
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Objective To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 91 cases of dengue fever outbreak in Jiangxi Province in 2019,and to strengthen the management and prevention of dengue fever.Methods The clinical data,laboratory results and etiology tests of 91 patients with dengue fever from the Ninth Hospital of Nanchang,Zhangshu People's Hospital,Fengcheng People' s Hospital and Nanchang County People's Hospital from July 31,2019 to September 27,2019 were retrospectively collected.The t test was used for continuous variables and chi-square test was used for categorical variables.Results A total of 91 dengue fever patients were reviewed.The patients age ranged from 4 to 87 years old,and the majority were adult patients.Most patients were farmers and they all had mosquito-biting history.Local cases were the major source of this outbreak.The incubation time was(5.19±2.96)days.All patients had fever over 38℃.Thirty-eight(41.8％)patients developed rashes,mainly distributed on the limbs and trunk,and 15 patients(16.5％)developed myalgia and fatigue.The incidence of rashes in patients admitted in September was 15.9％(7/44),which was significantly lower than 68.1％(32/47)in July and August(x2 = 25.262,P ＜0.01).The incidence of headache in patients admitted in September was 27.3％(12/44),which was significantly lower than 78.7％(37/47)in July and August(x2=24.206,P ＜ 0.01).Among the 91 patients,64(70.3％)patients had white blood cell counts less than 4×109/L,14(15.4％)patients had platelet counts less than 50×109/L.The positive rate of dengue non-structural protein 1(NS1)antigen was 100.0％(37/37),the positive rates of dengue antibody IgM and IgG were 50.0％(11/22)and 13.6％(3/22),respectively.Among the 113 serum samples tested for dengue virus RNA,106 were identified with dengue virus type-1 and two were dengue virus type-2.In 22 patients who received tests within 7 days,the positive rate of NS1 antigen was 100.0％(22/22),the IgM and IgG positive rates were 50.0％(11/22)and 13.6％(3/22),respectively,and 19 patients were infected with dengue type-1.Among the IgM antibody positive cases,the onset days before sampling was(5.09±1.64)days,longer than that of IgM antibody negative cases((2.82± 1.83)days),with statistical significance(t = 3.063,P = O.007).The onset time before sampling in dengue virus RNA-positive group was(3.53±1.87)days,which was shorter than that of RN A-negative group((6.67± 0.58)days),and the difference was statistically significant(t = 2.839,P = 0.013).Conclusions The dengue fever outbreak cases in Jiangxi Province in 2019 have typical clinical manifestations of dengue fever.Using the NS1 antigen test,IgM and IgG antibody tests and real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction for dengue virus genotyping during early onset of the disease can assistant clinicians in clinical management,controlling infectious source and stopping disease transmission.
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Objective@#To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 91 cases of dengue fever outbreak in Jiangxi Province in 2019, and to strengthen the management and prevention of dengue fever.@*Methods@#The clinical data, laboratory results and etiology tests of 91 patients with dengue fever from the Ninth Hospital of Nanchang, Zhangshu People′s Hospital, Fengcheng People′s Hospital and Nanchang County People′s Hospital from July 31, 2019 to September 27, 2019 were retrospectively collected. The t test was used for continuous variables and chi-square test was used for categorical variables.@*Results@#A total of 91 dengue fever patients were reviewed. The patients age ranged from 4 to 87 years old, and the majority were adult patients. Most patients were farmers and they all had mosquito-biting history. Local cases were the major source of this outbreak. The incubation time was (5.19±2.96) days. All patients had fever over 38 ℃. Thirty-eight (41.8%) patients developed rashes, mainly distributed on the limbs and trunk, and 15 patients (16.5%) developed myalgia and fatigue. The incidence of rashes in patients admitted in September was 15.9% (7/44), which was significantly lower than 68.1% (32/47) in July and August (χ2=25.262, P<0.01). The incidence of headache in patients admitted in September was 27.3%(12/44), which was significantly lower than 78.7% (37/47) in July and August (χ2 =24.206, P<0.01). Among the 91 patients, 64 (70.3%) patients had white blood cell counts less than 4×109/L, 14(15.4%) patients had platelet counts less than 50×109/L. The positive rate of dengue non-structural protein 1 (NS1) antigen was 100.0%(37/37), the positive rates of dengue antibody IgM and IgG were 50.0%(11/22) and 13.6%(3/22), respectively. Among the 113 serum samples tested for dengue virus RNA, 106 were identified with dengue virus type-1 and two were dengue virus type-2. In 22 patients who received tests within 7 days, the positive rate of NS1 antigen was 100.0% (22/22), the IgM and IgG positive rates were 50.0%(11/22) and 13.6% (3/22), respectively, and 19 patients were infected with dengue type-1. Among the IgM antibody positive cases, the onset days before sampling was (5.09±1.64) days, longer than that of IgM antibody negative cases ((2.82±1.83) days), with statistical significance (t=3.063, P=0.007). The onset time before sampling in dengue virus RNA-positive group was (3.53±1.87) days, which was shorter than that of RNA-negative group ((6.67±0.58) days), and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.839, P=0.013).@*Conclusions@#The dengue fever outbreak cases in Jiangxi Province in 2019 have typical clinical manifestations of dengue fever. Using the NS1 antigen test, IgM and IgG antibody tests and real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction for dengue virus genotyping during early onset of the disease can assistant clinicians in clinical management, controlling infectious source and stopping disease transmission.
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Objective To understand the prevalence of major human parasitic diseases and related factors in Henan province.Methods This stratified sampling survey was carried out according to the requirement of national survey protocol of major human parasitic diseases,2014-2015.The prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths infection,taeniasis and intestinal protozoiasis were surveyed in 104 sites selected from 35 counties (districts) and the prevalence of clonorchiasis was surveyed in 62 sites selected from 37 townships.In each survey spot,250 persons were surveyed.A total of 26 866 persons and 15 893 persons were surveyed.Modified Kato-Katz thick smear was used to detect the eggs of intestinal helminthes.Tube fecal culture was used to identify the species of hookworm.The Enterobius eggs were detected in children aged 3 to 6 years by using adhesive tape.The cyst and trophozoite of intestinal protozoa were examined with physiological saline direct smear method and iodine stain method.Results The overall infestation rate of intestinal parasites was 2.02％ in Henan,and the worm infection rate was higher than protozoa infection rate.Fourteen kinds of intestinal parasites were found,including nematode (5 species),trematode (2 species),and protozoan (7 species).The infection rate of Enterobius vermicularis was highest,and Qinba Mountain ecological area had the highest infestation rate of intestinal parasites in 4 ecological areas of Henan.There was no significant difference in intestinal parasite infection rote between males and females (x2=3.630,P=0.057),and the differences in intestinal parasite infection rate among different age groups had significance (x2=124.783,P=0.000 1).The infection rate reached the peak in age group ≤9 years and the major parasite was Enterobius vermicularis.Furthermore the overall human infection rate of parasite showed a downward trend with the increase of educational level of the people (x2=70.969,P=0.000 1),the differences had significance (x2=120.118,P=0.000 1).For different populations,the infection rate of intestinal parasites was highest among preschool children.The infection of intestinal helminth was mainly mild,only 2 severe cases were detected.The infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis in urban residents was only 0.006％.Logistic regression analysis showed that being preschool children (x2=15.765,P=0.000 1) and drinking well water (X2=45.589,P=0.000 1) were the risk factors for intestinal parasite infection,and annual income per capita of farmers was the protective factor against intestinal parasite infection.The infection rates of protozoa and intestinal parasites decreased sharply compared with the results of previous two surveys,and the rate of intestinal helminth infection also dropped sharply compared with the second survey.The numbers of protozoa,helminth and intestinal parasites detected in this survey were all less than the numbers found in the previous two surveys.Conclusions Compared the results of three surveys in Henan,the infection rate of protozoa and intestinal parasites showed a downward trend.The prevention and treatment of Enterobius vermicularis infection in children should be the key point of parasitic disease control in the future.
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Objective To understand the prevalence of major human parasitic diseases and related factors in Henan province.Methods This stratified sampling survey was carried out according to the requirement of national survey protocol of major human parasitic diseases,2014-2015.The prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths infection,taeniasis and intestinal protozoiasis were surveyed in 104 sites selected from 35 counties (districts) and the prevalence of clonorchiasis was surveyed in 62 sites selected from 37 townships.In each survey spot,250 persons were surveyed.A total of 26 866 persons and 15 893 persons were surveyed.Modified Kato-Katz thick smear was used to detect the eggs of intestinal helminthes.Tube fecal culture was used to identify the species of hookworm.The Enterobius eggs were detected in children aged 3 to 6 years by using adhesive tape.The cyst and trophozoite of intestinal protozoa were examined with physiological saline direct smear method and iodine stain method.Results The overall infestation rate of intestinal parasites was 2.02％ in Henan,and the worm infection rate was higher than protozoa infection rate.Fourteen kinds of intestinal parasites were found,including nematode (5 species),trematode (2 species),and protozoan (7 species).The infection rate of Enterobius vermicularis was highest,and Qinba Mountain ecological area had the highest infestation rate of intestinal parasites in 4 ecological areas of Henan.There was no significant difference in intestinal parasite infection rote between males and females (x2=3.630,P=0.057),and the differences in intestinal parasite infection rate among different age groups had significance (x2=124.783,P=0.000 1).The infection rate reached the peak in age group ≤9 years and the major parasite was Enterobius vermicularis.Furthermore the overall human infection rate of parasite showed a downward trend with the increase of educational level of the people (x2=70.969,P=0.000 1),the differences had significance (x2=120.118,P=0.000 1).For different populations,the infection rate of intestinal parasites was highest among preschool children.The infection of intestinal helminth was mainly mild,only 2 severe cases were detected.The infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis in urban residents was only 0.006％.Logistic regression analysis showed that being preschool children (x2=15.765,P=0.000 1) and drinking well water (X2=45.589,P=0.000 1) were the risk factors for intestinal parasite infection,and annual income per capita of farmers was the protective factor against intestinal parasite infection.The infection rates of protozoa and intestinal parasites decreased sharply compared with the results of previous two surveys,and the rate of intestinal helminth infection also dropped sharply compared with the second survey.The numbers of protozoa,helminth and intestinal parasites detected in this survey were all less than the numbers found in the previous two surveys.Conclusions Compared the results of three surveys in Henan,the infection rate of protozoa and intestinal parasites showed a downward trend.The prevention and treatment of Enterobius vermicularis infection in children should be the key point of parasitic disease control in the future.
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Objective To retrospectively overview the malaria death cases reported in Henan Province and analyze the cause of death. Methods The data including basic information,epidemiological survey and medical records of malaria death cases in Henan Province from 2010 to 2015 were collected and analyzed. Results In the six years,a total of 14 malaria pa?tients were dead. All the death patients were adult males and imported from Africa. They had definite histories of living in malaria?epidemic areas and the symptoms of fever. Twelve patients were diagnosed as malaria after at least twice diagnoses. The average time from symptom appearing to correct diagnosis was 6.5 d. The causes of deaths were misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. Con?clusions The major reasons of malaria death cases in Henan Province are the failure of correct diagnosis and prompt treatment. Health education of malaria prevention and diagnosis and treatment training of malaria should be strengthened in order to im?prove the public awareness and the diagnosis ability of clinical doctors for malaria,which can prevent the death of imported ma?laria cases.
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Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of imported malaria in Henan Province from 2012 to 2014,so as to provide the evidence for proposing the reasonable suggestions for imported malaria prevention and control. Meth?ods The data of imported malaria were collected and the epidemic characteristics were analyzed in Henan Province from 2012 to 2014. Results A total of 569 imported malaria cases were reported in Henan Province from 2012 to 2014,including 445 cas?es of falciparum malaria,48 cases of vivax malaria,61 cases of ovale malaria,14 cases of quartan malaria,and 1 case of mixed infection. All the malaria cases were confirmed in laboratory. During the three years,the time of higher incidence was in Spring Festival,and May and June,and the cases mainly distributed in Luoyang,Zhengzhou,Puyang,Xinxiang,Anyang,Xuchang and Nanyang cities,accounting for 68.54%. Totally 82.43%of the patients were male youth and middle?aged. Of the 569 pa?tients,534(93.85%)returned from Africa and 35(6.15%)returned from Southeast Asian countries. The average time was 6.22 d and the median was 4 d from the onset to diagnosis. Among 569 cases,290(50.97%)were confirmed by different levels of cen?ters for disease prevention and control,and 279(49.03%)were diagnosed by different levels of medical institutions. Conclu?sions The imported malaria cases have been increased obviously in recent 3 years in Henan Province. Therefore,the health ed?ucation for the knowledge about malaria prevention and control,and the technician training should be strengthened.
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Mesorhizobium huakuii strain 7653R,isolated from nodules of A.sinicus L,contains two indige-nous plasmids,p7653Ra and p7653Rb,the latter being the symbiotic plasmid.We eliminated the plasmids via Tn5-sacB insertion and obtained its symbiotic plasmid-cured derivative 7653RD.Then,we transferred the symbiotic plasmid pJB5JI of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv.Viciae T83K3 into 7653R and 7653RD.The pot plant test showed an increase in competitive ability and symbiotic nitrogen fixation of transconjugant 7653R-197(pJB5JI) compared to 7653R.pJB5JI could not restore the ability of 7653RD to nodulate Astra-galus sinicus.7653RD(pJB5JI) could form ineffective nodules on peas,implying that the symbiotic plasmid pJB5JI could express its function at the chromosomal background of Mesorhizobium huakuii 7653R.We checked the stability of plasmid in transconjugants under free-living and during symbiosis.The results indi-cated pJB5JI could not be detected in some nodule isolates.We amplified kan resistance gene from all transconjugants and nodule isolates which suggested that pJB5JI might fully or partially integrated into the chromosome of recipients.
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Top-quality courses are a pace-setter and a symbolic banner in the construction of the academic courses, and will have an inestimable role in the promotion of the higher education in China. The purpose to conduct top-quality course selection is to help the universities to establish and form the mechanism of course construction and course operation in line with their own contexts, so as to deepen the top course program continuously. The criteria for the assessment of top-quality courses are intended to reflect scientifically the basic features of these courses and guide universities to work hard on these courses and build up initiatively top-quality courses with their own distinctive features.