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Objective To compare the effects oflightwand(LW) and direct laryngoscope(DL) in elderly patients undergoing surgery on hemodynamics and stress responses.Methods Forty elderly patients with ASA grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ grade who selective surgery were divided into LW group and DL group by random digits table method,each group with 20 cases.Systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),heart rate(HR) were recorded respectively before intubation,30 seconds and 5 minutes after intubation.Extracted patients with peripheral arterial 3 ml at the same time,measured by radioimmunoassay epinephrine and norepinephrine levels.Results The SBP,DBP,HR,epinephrine,norepinephrine 30 seconds after intubation in LW group were significantly lower than those in DL group [(140.50 ± 21.91) mm Hg(1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) vs.(167.95 ± 17.85) mm Hg,(67.80 ± 6.76) mm Hg vs.(84.15 ±9.89) mm Hg,(85.10 ± 11.76) times/min vs.(96.30 ± 13.72) times/min,(49.47 ± 8.09) ng/L vs.(61.25 ± 9.43) ng/L,(171.27 ± 17.11) ng/L vs.(187.40 ± 16.13) ng/L,P ＜ 0.01].The SBP,epinephrine,norepinephrine 5 minutes after intubation in LW group were significantly lower than those in DL group [(120.75 ± 17.12) mm Hg vs.(136.65 ± 15.43) mm Hg,(39.80 ±7.38) ng/L vs.(47.63 ±8.48) ng/L,(155.93 ± 17.11) ng/L vs.(172.76 ± 13.45) ng/L,P ＜ 0.01].Conclusion Both LW and DL can be well done in elderly patients intubation,but LW can reduce stress responses during the intubation.
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0.05) at preoperatively and postoperatively the total knee score,preoperatively and postoperatively pain score,preoperatively and postoperatively patient function score,and preoperatively and postoperatively Patellar score.The postoperative maximum flexion of the fixed-bearing group and the mobile-bearing group was 108??9.3? and 99.5??10.1? respectively.There was significant difference between the 2 groups for the postoperative maximum flexion (P0.05) at the femoral valgus angle,the tibial angle,the tibial slope angle,and preoperatively and postoperatively the patellar height (Install-Salvati ratio).[Conclusion]The short-term results of the fixed-bearing posterior stabilized prosthesis and the mobile-bearing prosthesis TKA were successful.There was no significance difference between the two groups for the total knee score,function score,pain score,patellar score and radiographic results.The postoperative maximum flexion in fixed-bearing group was higher than that in mobile-bearing group.
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Aim To establish a model of biphasic vasoconstriction induced by electrical stimulation, and analyze effects of 1～100 nmol?L~(-1) tetrodotoxin (TTX) on the biphasic vasoconstriction in the ring preparation of the rabbit saphenous artery. Methods Isometric vasoconstriction of the rabbit saphenous arterial rings was recorded, and the sympathetic nerves of the arterial rings were activated with electrical stimulation. Results The biphasic neurogenic vasoconstriction was consistently induced by electrical stimulation (15 V,1 ms pulse duration,2～16 Hz for 32 s) in a frequency-related manner in the rabbit saphenous artery. TTX (3 nmol?L~(-1)),a neuronally selective sodium channel blocker,did not affect the first phase of vasoconstriction,but it markedly inhibited the second phase of vasoconstrictive responses to 2～16 Hz stimulation by 44 %～67 %. Increasing the concentration of TTX to 10 nmol?L~(-1), TTX inhibited the first phase of the vasocontractive responses to 4～16 Hz stimulation by 40%～57%,whereas it inhibited more than 90% of the second phase of vasoconstriction. Concentration-response curves for NA(0.01～30 ?mol?L~(-1)) were not affected by TTX (0.1 ?mol?L~(-1)), but the same concentration of TTX completely inhibited the biphasic vascular responses to electrical stimulation. The biphasic contractile responses to electrical stimulation were all abolished by guanethidine (10 ?mol?L~(-1)), but the vasoconstrictive responses to exogenous NA were not affected by it. Conclusion Biphasic vasoconstriction can be induced by electrical stimulation,and the first and the second phases of vasoconstriction are mediated by neurotransmitters released from sympathetic nerves in the rabbit isolated saphenous arterial ring preparation.