ABSTRACT
Background: Patella (kneecap) is the largest sesamoid bone in the human body which develops within the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle. It is significantly important in anthropometrics. It is involved in the various methods of sitting and squatting. Therefore, it will be modified by cultural and ethnic variables. The knowledge of morphology and dimensions of patella performs very important role in the design of prosthesis and development of surgical techniques, hence this work was undertaken to establish such data on the dimensions of patella. Methods: 50 dry human patellae collected from the Department of Anatomy, SAMC and PGI Indore, MP, India. The various parameters were recorded and photographed. Results: 82% patella are triangular. Mean of height, width and thickness of patella were 36.66, 38.66, 19.26 mm. Width of MAF and LAF is 20.69 mm, 23.35 mm. Surface area of medial and lateral articular facet of patella were 415 mm2 / 526 mm2. Average weight of the patella is about 7.9 gm. Conclusion: This study provides various morphometric parameters and original data in relation to the patellar facets. Data are applicable to implant design of the patella and important from a biomechanical perspective
ABSTRACT
Background: The respiratory system consists of upper and lower respiratory tract. The lower respiratory tract consists of the trachea, principal bronchi and the remaining airway in the lungs. The aim of present study is to correlate the chronic use of NSAID-Ibuprofen (therapeutic doses) and histological changes in mucosa of lower respiratory tract of Swiss albino mice. Methods: The adult Swiss albino mice (25 in each group) were given either 40mg/kg commercial ibuprofen suspension (experimental group) or equivalent volume of distilled water (control group) by oral route by gastric gavage method. 7 μm thick longitudinally cut section of lung were studied under microscope after staining with Masson’s trichrome, Alcian blue, PAS and H & E stains. Histomorphometry was performed with linear ocular micrometer scale to quantify certain histological parameters namely epithelial height and proportion of epithelium height in an airway wall (PEH). The data was subjected to statistical analysis to obtain significance. Results: Proportion of epithelial height in the walls of airways (PEH) was found to be slightly lower in experimental small, intermediate and large airway groups but when compared with control group it was found to be statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The apparent decrease in the height of epithelium in the airways of the experimental groups along with the increase in proportion of wall thickness (not significant statistically) is suggestive of a corresponding gain in muscle thickness. This feature might reflect the tendency towards bronchospasm in experimental set of mice.