ABSTRACT
Angiogenesis is a hallmark of wound healing, the menstrual cycle, cancer, and various ischemic and inflammatory diseases. A rich variety of pro and anti-angiogenic molecules have already been identified. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an interesting inducer of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, because it is a highly specific mitogen for endothelial cells. Signal transduction involves binding to tyrosine kinase receptors and results in endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and new vessel formation. In this article, the role of VEGF and other growth factors in the pathology of dysfunctional uterine bleeding is reviewed. We also discuss the role of VEGF expression and interaction with extracellular matrix that lead to possible inhibition or stimulation of Angiogenic factor on endometrium of dysfunctional uterine bleeding patients.
ABSTRACT
Oral cancer, more specifically oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) consider as common cancer that 300,000 people diagnosed per year worldwide. The only effective treatment for OSCC is surgical intervention. Over the past two decades, overall disease condition has not improved although advancement of treatment has considerably increased. The phosphodiesterase (PDEs) are responsible for the hydrolysis of the second messengers with a fundamental role in the transduction of the intracellular signals. In numerous pathological conditions such as cellular differentiation, apoptosis, and tumor invasivity the different PDF activity has been observed that shown role in pathophysiological mechanism. The role of PDEs as an intervention factor for activation of angiogenesis by influencing a tumor growth has been shown. The objective of this study was to estimate and compare salivary PDEs levels in healthy controls and biopsy-proven oral cancer patients before definitive therapy. Study was done in patients age between 25-65 years biopsy proven oral cancer patients and control group. After obtaining prior consent from biopsy-proven oral cancer patients (n=26) (before onset of any definitive treatment) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n=29), salivary sample was collected for estimation of the activity of phosphodiesterases (PDEs).
ABSTRACT
Background: Hypercholesterolemia is highly prevalent in Indian population and known to contribute towards increased mortality and morbidity related to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders. An antioxidant defence system consisting of enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds prevents oxidative damage of lipoproteins in the plasma. When the activity of this system decreases or the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production increases, oxidative stress may occur.The –SH group (reduced thiols) bound to proteins (protein thiols) play a major role in maintaining the antioxidant status of the body. Protein thiols acts as major extracellular antioxidant, they react with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prevent LDL oxidation. Such thiols have been studied in different disease conditions and found to be decreased compared to healthy control samples. Reduced concentration of protein thiol found to have positive correlation with increase serum level of LDL cholesterol. In the current work we have measured the level of serum protein thiols along with lipid profile in newly diagnosed hyperlipidemic patients and we tried to establish the relationship between serum protein thiols and lipid profile parameters. Objective: To study the level of protein thiols as a potent antioxidant in patient with an increased level of cholesterol. Materials: After obtaining prior consent, blood (2 ml) was taken using aseptic precautions from hypercholesterolemic patients (n = 25) and age and sex matched healthy controls (n = 25) in plain vacutainers. Serum protein thiols were measured by spectrophotometric method using 5, 5′ dithio-bis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB). Triglyceride levels were measured by Cobas 6000 using a GPO Trinder method and HDL levels by Cobas 6000 using a direct- homogenous method. LDL levels were calculated. Results: There was a significant decrease in the levels of protein thiols p< 0.001 in hypercholesterolemic patients when compared to healthy controls and a corresponding correlatable increase in the level of LDL cholesterol due to oxidative damage. Conclusion: There may be a role for protein thiols as a biomarker in pathophysiology of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders in patients with hyperlipidemia.