ABSTRACT
Background: The present study was conducted to evaluate glycosylated hemoglobin and electrolyte status in Diabetic ketoacidosis subjects compared with controlled type II diabetes mellitus. Methods: Totally 100 subjects were included in this study(75 known DKA subjects and 25 controlled type II Diabetes Mellitus subjects). 5ml of venous blood samples are collected from subjects, Biochemical parameters performed Fasting blood sugar, Post prandial blood sugar by Glucose oxidase and peroxidase method, Glycosylated hemoglobin by Ion exchange High performance liquid chromatography, serum electrolytes levels are estimated by Ion selective electrode method. Results: The serum levels of FBS, PPBS, HbA1c levels are high in DKA compared with controlled Type II DM. the serum levels of sodium are significantly decreased in DKA compared with controlled Type II DM. The serum levels of potassium and chloride are high in DKA compared with controlled Type II DM. Conclusion: We concluded that electrolyte imbalance is high in DKA due to hyperglycemic hyper-osmolality and insulin deficiency frequently leads to electrolyte imbalance. HbA1c, FBS, PPBS levels are elevated in DKA due to uncontrolled hyperglycemia.
ABSTRACT
The transverse humeral ligament (THL) or Brodie’s ligament is a narrow sheet of connective tissue fibers that runs between the lesser and the greater tubercles of the humerus. Togetherwith the intertubercular groove of the humerus, the ligament creates a canal throughwhich the long head of the biceps tendon and its synovial sheath passes. The ossification of transverse humeral ligament is a rare interesting anatomical variation, which has been identified as one of the predisposing factor for biceps tendonitis and tenosynovitis. In the present study of 100 humerus bones, we found a right side humerus with completely ossified transverse humeral ligament which extended from the lateral margin of lesser tubercle to the medial margin of greater tubercle of the humerus. The Length and breadth of the ossified ligament were 8 mm and 6 mm respectively. Such an ossified ligament may damage the biceps tendon and its synovial sheath during biomechanical movement of the arm leading to anterior shoulder pain. Itmay also complicate the use of bicipital groove as a landmark for orientation of the humeral prosthesis in complex proximal humeral fractures. Hence, the anatomical knowledge of ossified transverse humeral ligament is important for the radiologist and orthopedic surgeon in diagnosis and planning the treatment for patient with anterior shoulder pain.