ABSTRACT
It is not known at which size a congenital Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in children becomes associated with a resultant severe malnutrition in children. Furthermore, the effect of ductal size on anthropometry of children with PDA is yet to be determined. Objectives This study was aimed to asses if the ductal size had any effect on anthropometry of children with PDA and at which size evidence of severe malnutrition ensues Methods This was a five-year observational cross-sectional study of children who presented at three tertiary institutions with PDA. Results There was a negative non-significant correlation between the size of PDA and the weight of patients, (Pearson correlation coefficient = -0.1, p = 0.7). There was also a negative non-significant correlation between the size of PDA and patient’s height/length, (correlation coefficient = -0.1, p = 0.5). The association between the size of PDA and the severity of malnutrition revealed greater proportion of 35.3% (6/17) for wasting and stunting in patients who had large PDA sizes of >7mm, when compared with fewer proportions in those with PDA sizes of 3- 6mm (26.1% (6/23) and those with tiny PDA of <3mm (33.3% (10/30); (?2 = 10.21, p = 0.8). There was a positive correlation between ductal size and nutritional status of patients, and severe malnutrition ensued from ductal size of 3.2mm; with ETA square of 0.072. The majority of children with PDA presented with severe forms of malnutrition (wasting and stunting). Conclusion: Severe malnutrition ensues when ductal size is 3.2mm. The size of PDA has no effect on weight and height of children with PDA.
ABSTRACT
Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) especially those involved in patients’ care are at high risk of violence. The study is aimed at determining factors and characteristics of physical violence among HCWs in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 412 HCWs from March to July, 2018. Data entry and analysis were done using Epi InfoTM 3.5.4 and Chi square and Fischer’s exact test where applicable were used to ascertain factors associated with physical workplace violence.Results: Respondents included 111 (26.9%) doctors and 301 (73.1%) nurses. Prevalence of physical violence was 12.6%. Of those who experienced workplace violence, the perpetrators were mainly patients’ relatives 37 (71.2%) and patients 8 (15.4%). In majority of cases, 28 (53.8%), no action was taken against the assailant. Prevalence of physical violence was significantly higher among nurses (15.3%) than doctors (5.4%) p=0.007. It is also higher among females (14.2%) than males (7.8%), although not significantly. Furthermore, HCWs who work in newborn units were most likely to experience physical violence.Conclusions: The study revealed that physical violence is prevalent among HCWs and violence prevention programs should be instituted to address it.
ABSTRACT
Background: Self esteem among adolescents is a neglected issue in pediatrics, especially in this part of the world. Females ages fourteen to seventeen seemed to have positive self-esteem and so do the males but self esteem is low at middle ages. Females tend to have a low self esteem than males Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the pattern of self esteem among adolescents and associated factors. Methods: The study was carried out among adolescents attending secondary schools from two cities; (Enugu and Abakiliki located in south eastern part of Nigeria) within age range of 10-19 yr. A structured self administered questionnaire developed from self esteem scores was used for data collection. Pearson’s chi-square was used to test for relationship between categorical variables while student t- test was used to test significant relationship between continuous variables. Test of significance was set at p<0.5. Results: The self esteem questionnaire used was classified into two major questions with several sub questions. The first group is about self confidence, self fulfillment and self worth and confidence, the second group include depression, hopelessness, loneliness, and suicidal thoughts. We enrolled 507 adolescents in this study. The mean age of all participants was 16.3 (1.2) yr. Total mean self esteem score for all respondents is 15.77±2.769. Low self esteem was observed in 3.6% of the respondents with 4.3% of females and 2.5% of Males. Low self esteem is mostly seen in older adolescents aged 18-19 (44%) and rare among (adolescents less than 11 yr (0%). Low self esteem was more common among the female respondents in all the age ranges. Conclusion: Self esteem is high among adolescents, though this is may be overemphasized as more research is needed in this area.