ABSTRACT
Bad breath causes embarrassment and affects interpersonal social communication. Morning breath odor is a commonly encountered oral problem which should be rectified with effective oral hygiene measure. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess and compare the effectiveness of different oral hygiene regimens on the reduction of morning bad breath, plaque formation, and gingivitis in healthy young adults. Settings and Design: A four-step, crossover clinical trial was conducted among 40 young adults aged 18–22 years residing in one of the nongovernmental organizations in New Delhi. Materials and Methods: Study participants were divided into four groups, which underwent intervention for 7 days each. Group 1: tooth brushing; Group 2: tooth brushing and mouthwashing; Group 3: tooth brushing and tongue scraping; and Group 4: combination of all. A washout interval of 14 days was employed in between the groups. Breath scores were measured at three time intervals whereas oral health status was recorded at the beginning and the end of each interventional period. Statistical Analysis Used: Appropriate tests such as paired t-test, ANOVA test, and Pearson correlation tests were used in the study. Results: The highest reduction in mean value of breath scores (2.03 ± 0.69) was found in Group 4 followed by Group 3. Similarly, Group 4 showed the highest reduction in mean value of plaque score (0.79 ± 0.19) and gingival score (0.54 ± 0.23) followed by Group 2. Conclusion: Combination of mechanical and chemical oral hygiene measures is an effective regimen for the reduction of morning bad breath.
ABSTRACT
Tooth wear is an ever increasing problem. However, literature on tooth wear prevalence is scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and severity of tooth wear among 12 to 15 year old children of private schools of Farukhnagar block (Gurgaon) Haryana. Material and Methods: 973 school children in the age group of 12 to 15 year from the Gurgaon district were included in the study. All permanent teeth were examined by two trained calibrated examiners using CPITN probes in four surfaces, namely cervical (C), buccal (B), occlusal (O) or incisal (I) and palatal (P) or lingual (L) surface using Tooth Wear Index (TWI) . SPSS 19 was used for descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Results: A total of 26,230 teeth were examined. Overall prevalence of tooth wear was 29.7%. Most frequently affected teeth were the Incisors (15.4%), followed by the Molars (7.4%). Incisal/occlusal surface was the most commonly affected surface. All the tooth wear lesions observed were mostly confined to the enamel (76.4%). Boys had statistically significant higher tooth wear prevalence (16.2%) compared to girls (13.5%). Dental fluorosis determined higher tooth wear prevalence (61.5%). Conclusion: There is high prevalence of tooth wear among school children, and boys have more tooth wear compared to girls. Dental fluorosis is associated with high risk for tooth wear. Thus tooth wear poses a significant public health problem, and steps should be taken for early diagnosis, prevention and management...
O desgaste dos dentes é um problema crescente. No entanto, a literatura sobre a prevalência de desgaste dentário é escassa. Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a prevalência e a severidade do desgaste dentário entre as crianças de 12 a 15 anos de idade de escolas particulares de Farukhnagar (Gurgaon) Haryana. Material e métodos: 973 crianças em idade escolar na faixa etária de 12 a 15 anos do bairro de Gurgaon foram incluídas no estudo. Todos os dentes permanentes foram examinados por dois avaliadores treinados calibrados utilizando sondas CPITN em quatro superfícies [cervical (C), vestibular (B), oclusal (O) ou incisal (I), e palatina (P) ou lingual (L)] da superfície do dente por meio do Índice de Desgaste Dental (IDD). O SPSS 19 foi utilizado para a estatística descritiva e teste do qui-quadrado. Resultados: Um total de 26.230 dentes foi examinado. A prevalência de desgaste dentário foi de 29,7%. Os dentes mais afetados foram os incisivos (15,4%), seguidos pelo molares (7,4%). A superfície incisal/oclusal foi a mais comumente afetada. Todas as lesões de desgaste dos dentes observados estavam confinadas principalmente ao esmalte (76,4%). Os meninos apresentaram maior prevalência de desgaste dos dentes (16,2%) em comparação às meninas (13,5%). A fluorose dental determinou maior prevalência de desgaste dentário (61,5%). Conclusão: Há uma alta prevalência de desgaste dentário em escolares, e os meninos apresentam mais desgaste em comparação com as meninas. A fluorose dental é associada ao alto risco de desgaste dentário. Assim, o desgaste do dente representa um importante problema de saúde pública, devendo ser tomadas medidas para o diagnóstico precoce, a prevenção e o tratamento...