ABSTRACT
Lung cancer causes 1.4 million deaths worldwide while non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents 80-85% of the cases. Cisplatin is a standard chemotherapy against this type of cancer; however, tumor cell resistance to this drug limits its efficacy. Sea anemones produce compounds with pharmacological activities that may be useful for augmenting cisplatin efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacological activities of crude venom (CV) from the sea anemone Bunodeopsis globulifera and four derived fractions (F1, F2, F3 and F4) to test their increase efficiency cisplatin cytotoxicity in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Results Pre-exposure to CV, F1 and F2 fractions increases cisplatin cytotoxicity in human lung adenocarcinoma cells under specific conditions. Exposure to CV at 50 μgmL-1 induced a reduction of approximately 50% in cell viability, while a similar cytotoxic effect was observed when cell culture was exposed to F1 at 25 μgmL -1 or F2 at 50 μgmL-1. The cell culture exposure to F1 (10 μgmL-1) fraction combined with cisplatine (25 μM) provoked a decrease in MTT reduction until 65.57% while F2 (25 μgmL-1) fraction combined with cisplatin (10 μM) provoked a decrease in MTT reduction of 72.55%. Conclusions The F1 fraction had the greatest effect on the lung adenocarcinoma cell line compared with CV and F2. The combination of antineoplastic drugs and sea anemone toxins might allow a reduction of chemotherapeutic doses and thus mitigate side effects.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Adenocarcinoma , Toxins, Biological/analysis , Pharmacology/instrumentation , Lung Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
Background: Lung cancer causes 1.4 million deaths worldwide while non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents 80-85% of the cases. Cisplatin is a standard chemotherapy against this type of cancer; however, tumor cell resistance to this drug limits its efficacy. Sea anemones produce compounds with pharmacological activities that may be useful for augmenting cisplatin efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacological activities of crude venom (CV) from the sea anemone Bunodeopsis globulifera and four derived fractions (F1, F2, F3 and F4) to test their increase efficiency cisplatin cytotoxicity in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Results: Pre-exposure to CV, F1 and F2 fractions increases cisplatin cytotoxicity in human lung adenocarcinoma cells under specific conditions. Exposure to CV at 50 μgmL-1 induced a reduction of approximately 50% in cell viability, while a similar cytotoxic effect was observed when cell culture was exposed to F1 at 25 μgmL -1 or F2 at 50 μgmL-1. The cell culture exposure to F1 (10 μgmL-1) fraction combined with cisplatine (25 μM) provoked a decrease in MTT reduction until 65.57% while F2 (25 μgmL-1) fraction combined with cisplatin (10 μM) provoked a decrease in MTT reduction of 72.55%. Conclusions: The F1 fraction had the greatest effect on the lung adenocarcinoma cell line compared with CV and F2. The combination of antineoplastic drugs and sea anemone toxins might allow a reduction of chemotherapeutic doses and thus mitigate side effects.
Subject(s)
Humans , Lung Neoplasms , Cnidarian Venoms/pharmacology , Cnidarian Venoms/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Peroxynitrite (ONOO-) is a reactive nitrogen specie produced by the reaction between nitric oxide (NO• ) and super-oxide anion (O2.-). NO• is produced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and O2.- is formed by the addition of an electron to O2 in enzymatic as well as nonenzymatic way. NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase are some of the enzymes involved in O2.-formation. ONOO- is an oxidant specie which is able to modify a great number of biomolecules such as aminoacids, proteins, enzymes and cofactors. ONOO - is able to induce nitration leading to the formation of 3-nytrotyrosine. This change has been widely studied, and although it is not only produced by ONOO-, but also by other reactive nitrogen species, it has been accepted like footprint of ONOO-. The excessive production of reactive nitrogen species is known as nitrosative stress that is able to induce structural damage leading to the loss of cell function. Furthermore, synthetic metalloporphyrins that metabolize ONOO- in a specific way are being used to determine if ONOO- is involved in different diseases, such as Alzheimer, Huntington, diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, colitis, cardiac and renal complications. Finally, these metalloporphyrins may be of potential therapeutic value in diseases related to ONOO- production.
El peroxinitrito (ONOO-) es una especie reactiva de nitrógeno formada por la reacción entre el óxido nítrico (NO•) y el anión superóxido (O2.- ). El NO' es sintetizado por la sintasa de óxido nítrico (NOS) y el O2•- se puede sintetizar de forma no enzimática, por la adición de un electrón al O2 o por medio de diversas enzimas como la NADPH oxidasa y la xantina oxidasa. El ONOO-es una especie oxidante capaz de modificar un gran número de biomoléculas entre las que se encuentran aminoácidos, proteínas, enzimas y cofactores de enzimas. El ONOO- puede inducir nitración de residuos de tirosina promoviendo la formación de 3-nitrotirosina (3-NT). Esta modificación ha sido muy estudiada y aunque no es producida exclusivamente por ONOO- sino también por otras especies reactivas de nitrógeno, se acepta actualmente como una evidencia de la formación de ONOO-. El aumento excesivo de este último, así como de otras especies reactivas de nitrógeno se conoce como estrés nitrosativo y puede causar daño estructural alterando la funcionalidad de las células. Por otra parte, se han desarrollado una serie de metaloporfirinas que descomponen específicamente al ONOO- y éstas han ayudado a determinar que el ONOO - es una especie implicada en enfermedades como Alzheimer, Huntington, diabetes, hipertensión, artritis, colitis y diversas complicaciones cardiacas y renales. Además, estas metaloporfirinas pueden ser de utilidad terapéutica en aquellas enfermedades asociadas a la producción de ONOO-.