ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a syndrome consisting of metabolic, vascular and neuropathic components that are interrelated. Diabetes mellitus is associated with a considerably increased risk of premature atherosclerosis, particularly coronary heart disease (CHD) and peripheral arterial disease. Dyslipidemia is a common feature of diabetes. There is an association between atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.Methods: The study was done on 50 adult diabetes mellitus (T2) patients from IPD of General Medicine wards at SMS Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat. 50 healthy age and sex matched healthy volunteers were taken as control. They were evaluated for lipid profile i.e., Total Cholesterol (TC),Triglyceride (TG), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), High density lipoprotein (HDL), Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and glycemic status i.e., Fasting blood glucose (FBS), Postprandial 2 hours blood glucose (PP2BS) & Glycosylated haemoglobin(HbA1C).Results: Diabetic cases had statistically highly significant (p<0.001) elevated levels of total Cholesterol, Triglycerides and VLDL as compared to controls. Serum TG, serum TC, LDL-C and VLDL-C had positive correlation with the postprandial plasma glucose, fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c.Conclusions: Significant correlations between HbA1c levels and lipid levels point towards the usefulness of HbA1c for screening high-risk diabetic patients. High TC, TG, LDL-C and HbA1c with normal or low HDL-C is seen in almost all diabetic patients either alone or in combinations.
ABSTRACT
Background: Pancytopenia is reduction of all the three cellular components which includes anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Pancytopenia is striking feature of many serious and life threatening illness ranging from simple drug induced bone marrow hypoplasia, megaloblastic marrow to fatal bone marrow aplasia and leukemias. Pancytopenia has variety of etiologies but most common and reversible is Vitamin B12 deficiency, so early and accurate diagnosis may be lifesaving.Methods: Study conducted prospectively in 50 patients of pancytopenia with age >12 years, who were admitted to department of medicine in Dr. M.K. Shah Medical College between 2018 to 2020. A complete clinical history and examination was carried out. They were evaluated for complete blood count with peripheral smear, liver function test, renal function test, vitamin B12 level, radiological imaging and bone marrow examination in selected patients.Results: The etiological causes of pancytopenia were recorded as vitamin B12 deficiency (n 30,60%), Infections (n11,22%),Hypersplenism (n 4;8%), aplastic anemia (n 3; 6%), Drug induced (n 1; 2%) and SLE (n1; 2%). Presenting symptoms in these patients were lethargy, malaise, generalized weakness, dyspnoea on exertion and fever while signs were pallor, splenomegaly and hyperpigmentation. All patients of megaloblastic anemia had macrocytic picture in peripheral smear and all of them were improved after treatment with vitamin B12 supplement.Conclusions: Pancytopenia is not an uncommon clinical entity and has various etiologies. Most common cause of pancytopenia was B12 deficiency and most common symptoms and signs were generalized weakness and pallor respectively. Most of the etiological causes could be diagnosed with laboratory analysis and radiological imaging without the need of a bone marrow examination.
ABSTRACT
Background: In developing countries, the widespread use of organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) has been accompanied by increasing incidence of poisoning with these agents, both suicidal and accidental. This is attributed mainly to their easy availability, indiscriminate handling, storage and lack of knowledge about the serious consequences of poisoning. Of the various substance used for suicidal attempts in India, OPCs form a significant group. Since the clinical manifestation of OPC poisoning is diverse ranging from mild symptoms to fatal complications in the course of time, we need proper management of the situation. Materials and methods: We studied 50 patients of organophosphorus poisoning. We checked vital parameters, general examination and systemic examination. We also checked for various parameters on like cholinesterase level, complete blood counts, renal function test with electrolytes, liver function test. Results: In this study majority of patients fell in 20-30 years of age group with male predominance from lower and middle socio-economical class and most common reason was suicidal. Precipitating event were domestic problem, marital friction and financial problem. Most common clinical features were vomiting, miosis and giddiness. Majority of the patients belonged to mild grade. The average S.cholinesterase level was low as severity increases. More doses of PAM and atropine are required in severe poisoning. Most common complication was respiratory paralysis. Death was more in severe poisoning. Conclusion: OPC is one of the most common poisoning in India. Reason for poisoning is most commonly suicidal. It is common in male with low socio-economical class mainly due to domestic Janak Chokshi, Kothi Zuber Suleman, Bhavikkumar Prajapati. A study of 50 cases of Organophosphorus poisoning and its complications. IAIM, 2019; 6(1): 16-22. Page 17 problems, financial issue and unhappy married life. In patients of OP poisoning presenting symptoms and S.ChE level directly correlated with severity. Therapeutic required dose of PAM and atropine are different in different grade of severity. Survival amongst patients is definitely better if atropine and PAM are being given with Mechanical ventilator support in cases of respiratory insufficiency.
ABSTRACT
Background: Seizure disorder is a one of major health problem in adults mostly in late adulthood in which chances of seizures are increased especially due to comorbidities like cerebrovascular stroke, CNS infection (tuberculoma, viral encephalitis), degenerative disease of brain, and brain tumor Materials and methods: We studied 50 adult patients to identify various etiology of seizures We checked for various parameters like complete blood count, blood sugar level, renal function tests with electrolytes, liver function tests, brain imaging and Electroencephalogram (EEG) Results: With the help of this study, we identify that most common cause for seizure was idiopathic in less than 50 years of age and post stroke epilepsy in more than 50 years of age Generalized tonic clonic seizure was most common type of seizure With the help of newer neuro-imaging modalities and EEG it was possible to find out specific etiology of seizure, so EEG and imaging study should be integral part of investigation work of patient with seizure disorder Conclusion: The present study was an effort to find out the various etiology and type of seizures in adult its types and clinical profile and response to antiepileptic drugs Every patient should be investigated thoroughly and diagnosed and best suitable drug given depending upon type of seizures to the patient for proper control of seizures and also improve morbidity and mortality due to seizures
ABSTRACT
Background: In today’s era lifestyle related diseases like diabetes mellitus, have emerged as a major public health problem. Diabetes mellitus, a common metabolic disorder, which accounts for a high incidence of morbidity leads to various events including micro and macro vascular complications. This study aims to assess the baseline levels of (KAP) knowledge, attitude and practices of general population of Vadodara. Materials and methods: The present cross sectional study was carried out on general population of Vadodara with the help of a suitably designed and validated KAP questionnaire. The questionnaire was pretested and verified for errors. The data was analyzed statistically. Results: Altogether, 60.12 % of respondents scored 100% in the questions related with knowledge. However 23.54% scored 100% in the attitude questions and12.80% scored 100% in practice questions. Conclusions: We can conclude that the responders had good knowledge but poor attitude and practice towards diabetes. We can overcome this by increasing quality of health education and improving applicability of scope of health education at all level. The effect of the hormonal changes associated with menopause may play an important role in most cardiovascular disorders in post-menopausal women. So the present study was undertaken to identify various cardiovascular profile changes in postmenopausal women and women were recruited for the study. We check for various parameters like hypertension, diabetes, Ischemic heart disease, Cerebrovascular Stroke, metabolic syndrome, anaemia, fundus examination. Results: Prevalence of Hypertension, dyslipidaemia, metabolic Bhavik Prajapati, Shirish Raval, Jigar Patel, Ishwar Parmar, Janak Chokshi, Nilay Thakore. A study of clinical profile of cardiovascular manifestations in postmenopausal women. IAIM, 2018; 5(4): 100-106. Page 101 syndrome, CV stroke, ischemic heart disease is higher in postmenopausal women. Five deaths due to cardiovascular disease were observed. This study showed high prevalence of most of the conventional cardiovascular risk factors, especially diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and other risk factors in postmenopausal women. Therefore it is important to consider each and every postmenopausal woman to undergo screening for cardiovascular profile and very important to identify and treat these cardiovascular risk factors properly to prevent mortality and morbidity.