Mechanism of Chronic Stress-induced Reduced Atherosclerotic Medial Area and Increased Plaque Instability in Rabbit Models of Chronic Stress / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Chronic stress contributes to increased risks of atherosclerotic diseases including heart disease, stroke, and transient ischemic attack. However, its underline mechanisms are poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism via which chronic stress exerts its effect on atherosclerosis (AS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty male New Zealand white rabbits were used. Aortic balloon-injury model was applied. Both social stress and physical stress methods were adopted to establish chronic stress models. The lumen stenotic degree, intimal and medial areas, maximum fibrous cap thickness, and plaque contents were measured with histological sections. Proteomic methods were applied to detect protein changes in abdominal aortas to identify the specialized mediators. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used for further verification and investigation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The stress rabbits exhibited lower body weight, worse fur state, more inactivity behavior, and higher serum cortisol level. Chronic stress was significantly associated with the decreased medial area and increased plaque instability, which was manifested by thinner fibrous caps, larger lipid cores, more macrophages, and new vessels but fewer smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers. After chronic stress, the apoptosis-related genes UBE2K, BAX, FAS, Caspase 3, Caspase 9, and P53 were upregulated, and BCL-2/BAX was down-regulated; the angiogenesis-related genes ANG and VEGF-A were also highly expressed in atherosclerotic arteries.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Rabbit models of chronic stress were successfully established by applying both social stress and physical stress for 8 weeks. Chronic stress can reduce AS tunica media and accelerate plaque instability by promoting apoptosis and neovascularization.</p>

Two techniques of posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation by a 4-point ciliary sulcus suture fixation technique combined with vitrectomy / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the results of two techniques of posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation by a 4-point ciliary sulcus suture fixation combined with vitrectomy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Lensectomy and vitrectomy combined with posterior chamber IOL implantation by a 4-point scleral fixation was performed in 23 cases with complicated ocular trauma, including 9 eyes had eyeball rupture, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal contusion and traumatic cataract; 6 eyes having eyeball rupture, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal contusion, intraocular foreign body and traumatic cataract; 8 eyes having ocular blunt trauma, vitreous hemorrhage, traumatic cataract and lens dislocation. Two techniques of IOL were randomly assigned: Alcon CZ70BD PMMA suspensory IOL was performed in 12 cases (Group I); Bausch & Lomb Akreos Adapt four-haptic hydrophilic acrylic foldable IOL was performed in 11 cases (Group II). After completed vitrectomy, removed intraocular foreign body and (or) cataract extracted, one-stage IOL implantation by 4-point scleral fixation was performed and the knots of fixation sutures were rotated and buried under the sclera for all patients. The IOL position was adjusted by suture for the best centration.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The mean follow-up time was (12.4 +/-1.7) months. The postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was improved in 11 cases (91.7%) of Group I; and BCVA was > or =0.5 in 3 patients(25.0 %). The postoperative BCVA was improved in 11 cases (100 %) of Group II; and BCVA was > or =0.5 in 4 eyes (36.4%). There was no IOL decentration or tilting in two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Lensectomy and vitrectomy combined with posterior chamber IOL implantation by a 4-point scleral fixation technique is a good method to treat complicated ocular trauma. Two techniques of posterior chamber IOL have both advantages and disadvantages, and can be used accordingly.</p>

Clinical investigation of surgery for intermittent exotropia / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the time and postoperative binocular vision of strabismus surgery for children with intermittent exotropia (X(T)).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective investigation was conducted in 80 child patients with intermittent exotropia. Pre- and postoperative angles of deviation fixating at near (33 cm) and distant targets (6 m) were measured with the prolonged alternate cover testing. The binocular function was assessed with synoptophore. Twenty-one patients took the postoperative synoptophore exercise.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) A week after surgery, 96.2% of the 80 patients had binocular normotopia, while a year after surgery, 91.3% of the 80 patients had binocular normotopia; (2) Preoperatively, 58 patients had near stereoacuity, while postoperatively, 72 patients achieved near stereoacuity (P<0.05); (3) Preoperatively, 64 patients had Grade I for the synoptophore evaluation and postoperatively, 76 patients achieved Grade I. Meanwhile, 55 patients had Grade II preoperatively and 72 achieved Grade II postoperatively. For Grade III, there were 49 patients preoperatively and 64 patients postoperatively (P<0.05); (4) Patients of 5-8 years old had a significantly better recovery rate of binocular vision than those of 9-18 years old (P<0.05); (5) Patients taking postoperative synoptophore exercise had a better binocular vision than those taking no exercise (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>(1) Strabismus surgery can help to preserve or restore the binocular vision for intermittent exotropia; (2) Receiving the surgery at young ages may develop better postoperative binocular vision; (3) The postoperative synoptophore exercise can help to restore the binocular vision.</p>

Pathologic study of diabetic cardiomyopathy / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the histopathologic features, differential diagnosis and pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinicopathologic features of 40 autopsy cases of diabetes mellitus were studied. The hearts from another 40 cases of non-diabetic elderly deceased were used for comparison.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the 40 cases of diabetes studied, 36 cases (90.0%) showed microscopic myocardial cell death. Focal interstitial fibrosis was observed in 37 cases (92.5%). On the other hand, similar myocardial cell death and patchy interstitial fibrosis was seen in 8 cases (20.0%) and 9 cases (22.5%) of non-diabetic hearts, respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The mural thickness of intramyocardial blood vessels was significantly increased in diabetic group (20.6 microm +/- 4.2 microm) than in non-diabetic group (7.2 microm +/- 5.2 microm), P < 0.01.The myocardial changes in diabetic group however were similar to those in non-diabetic group with systemic hypertension.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Pathologic diagnosis of diabetic cardiomyopathy relies on detailed histologic examination of heart tissue and clinical correlation of a long history of diabetes mellitus. Exclusion of other possible etiologies is also essential. The myocardial cell death observed may be due to the ischemic effect induced by diabetic microangiopathy in cardiac muscle.</p>

Clinicopathologic characteristics of metastatic carcinomas to spleen / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic characteristics of metastatic carcinomas to the spleen.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixteen cases of metastatic carcinoma to the spleen were retrieved from archival clinical, surgical pathology and autopsy records. The demographic data (including sex and age of patients), clinical symptoms, primary sites, tumor histologic types, gross appearance of spleen and growth patterns within the spleen were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 16 patients studied, 12 were males and 4 were females. The male predilection was obvious. The age ranged from 48 to 90 years, the median age 66.5 years. Major clinical symptoms included discomfort in the left upper quadrant, pain, emaciation and loss of appetite. Splenomegaly was noted in some patients and computerized tomography could show space-occupying lesions in the spleen. In general, lung was the most common primary site for splenic metastasis and accounted for 43.8% of all cases (7/16). In male patients, primary lung tumor was found in 50.0% cases (6/12). On the other hand, primary ovarian tumor was commonly seen in females (2/4). Histologically, undifferentiated carcinoma of lung was frequently encountered (25.0%, 4/16), including 3 cases of small cell undifferentiated carcinoma and 1 case of large cell undifferentiated carcinoma. Other histologic tumor types included bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (2 cases), colonic adenocarcinoma (2 cases), ovarian serous papillary adenocarcinoma (2 cases), and prostatic adenocarcinoma (2 cases). The commonest histologic tumor type found in male patients was pulmonary undifferentiated carcinoma. The growth patterns of metastatic carcinoma in spleen included nodular, diffuse and multinodular. Most cases presented as a single splenic nodule. Sometimes, tumors with high metastatic potential (5/16) showed diffuse and multinodular growth patterns. Examples of these tumors included small cell undifferentiated carcinoma (3 cases), pulmonary adenocarcinoma (1 case) and prostatic adenocarcinoma (1 case).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Metastatic carcinoma to the spleen is rare. Understanding of the clinicopathologic characteristics is helpful in guiding clinical management and pathologic diagnosis.</p>

Surgical results of pars plana vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To evaluate the technical feasibility, safety, outcome, and incidence of complications after combined clear corneal phacoemulsification (PEA) with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and vitreoretinal surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Combined operations of PEA and PPV were performed on 52 eyes of 52 patients with cataract and vitreoretinal diseases.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean follow-up time was (10.3+/-2.8) months. Postoperatively, visual acuity improved in 46 eyes (88.5%); was unchanged in 6 eyes (11.5%). The best-corrected visual acuities (BCVAs) were the following: 20/40 or better (9 eyes), 20/50 to 20/100 (24 eyes), 20/200 (5 eyes), 20/400 (10 eyes), and fingers counting (FC) to light perception (LP) (4 eyes). In 38 eyes BCVA was 20/200 or better, and in 9 eyes it was 20/40 or better postoperatively. Postoperative complications included posterior capsual opacification (7 eyes); secondary glaucoma (1 eye); and retinal detachment (2 eyes).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Although further studies are indicated, our study suggests that the combined operation of PPV, PEA and IOL implantation is safe and effective for patients. The visual outcome and complications depended primarily on underlying posterior segment pathology and were not related to the combined procedure technique.</p>

A clinical study of the efficacy of topical corticosteroids on dry eye / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of topical corticosteroid for treatment of moderate or severe dry eye.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty eyes of 30 patients with moderate or severe dry eye, who were not sensitive to artificial tears, were treated with 0.1% fluorometholone eye drops. Subjective symptom and objective tests were used to evaluate the efficacy of treatment before and after application of 0.1% fluorometholone eye drops for 1 week and 1 month. Side effects were also evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 1 week of treatment, subjective symptoms were improved in all dry eye patients; objective tests were improved in all dry eye patients 1 month after treatment, and the difference was significant.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Topical corticosteroid drops can rapidly and effectively relieve the symptoms and signs of moderate or severe dry eye.</p>

Blue-on-yellow perimetry in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the early changes of the blue-on-yellow (B/Y) perimetry in patients with early primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-one cases (45 eyes) of POAG underwent the central 30 degrees field examination of B/Y as well as routine white-on-white (W/W).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>No significant difference of mean index deficiency (MD) between B/Y and W/W perimetry was detected (P>0.05). However, there were marked changes in index GHT (glaucoma hemisphere test) and more defect points in B/Y visual field than those in W/W (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>B/Y perimetry might be more sensitive than W/W perimetry a potentially more and valuable method in detection of early POAG lesion.</p>

Appearances of lung sarcomatoid carcinoma on chest X-ray and CT / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the imaging features of sarcomatoid carcinoma(SC)of lung on chest radiography and CT and to improve knowledge of SC.Methods The chest plain films,CT images and clinical data of all 7 cases of pathologically proved lung SC were retrospectively analyzed.Results All cases presented with a spheroid solid lung mass ranged from 3 to 11 cm in diameter(average 7 cm).All the lesions were located in middle and lower fields of the lung:3 lesions in right lower lobe,2 in right middle lobe,and the other 2 in left lower lobe.Among the 7 cases:6 cases were of peripheral type and 1 case was of central type.The peripheral-typed lesions of 5 cases had clear margin and 3 of them were lobulated.Three massess were homogenous in density,and the other 4 were inhomogeneous in density with formation of central cavity or calcification.After intravenous contrast administration.Three lesions showed homogeneous enhancement,and the other 4 lesions had inhomogeneous enhancement.The lesions with diameter larger than 6 cm showed marginal or patch-like enhancement.Five cases had pleural or chest walls invasion.Two cases had mediastinal lymph nodes metastases.One case had multiple remote metastasis.Conclusion There are some relatively specific features of lung SC on chest radiography and CT,which may be helpful for diagnosis.