ABSTRACT
BACKGROUNDS: In man, adding clonidine to local anesthetics results in an increased duration of spinal, epidural and peripheral nerve blocks such as femoral nerve block. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of intramuscular or adding clonidine to mepivacaine on the duration of analgesia after brachial plexus block. METHODS: After informed consent, 30 ASA 1 or 2 adults patients scheduled for elective upper limb surgery under brachial plexus anesthesia were included in this study. Brachial plexus block with Supraclavicular approach was performed following paresthesia. 40ml of 1.5% mepivacaine was injected in the brachial plexus sheath in all patients. In group 2, 150 ug of clonidine IM, 30 min before the procedure. In group 3, 150 ug of clonidine added to mepivacaine in brachial plexus sheath. Onset of anestheasia and duration of anesthesia and analgesia were assessed. Blood pressure and sedation score was monitored. Statistical analysis was done with ANOVA. RESULTS: Duration of anesthesia were significantly increased in group 3 (217.0 +/- 56.2 min by pinprick) compared to group 1 (176.0 +/-26.3 min). Duration of analgesia were significantly increased (p<0.05) in group 3. (229.0 +/- 43.3 min) compared to group 1 (186.0 +/- 20.0 min). Blood pressure was not significantly different in the three groups. A sedation was observed in group 3, especially from 20 min to 180 min after injection of drug. CONCLUSION: 150 ug of clonidine added to mepivacaine for brachial plexus block increases duration of anesthesia and analgesia without any significant side effects.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Analgesia , Anesthesia , Anesthesia and Analgesia , Anesthetics, Local , Blood Pressure , Brachial Plexus , Clonidine , Femoral Nerve , Informed Consent , Mepivacaine , Paresthesia , Peripheral Nerves , Upper ExtremityABSTRACT
No abstract available.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute , Pregnant WomenABSTRACT
Using Water's-X-350 ear oximeter, arterial oxygen saturation was measured during the entire course of general anesthesia with particular reference to endotracheal intubation, extubation and suction in 17 patients, who were grouped into six according to the method of oxygenation. In all patients anesthesia was induced with mtravenous thiopental and subsequent endotracheal intubation was performed with the aid of intravenous succinylcholine. Arterial oxygen saturation was also measured following breath-holding in conscious subjects. The results are as follows: (1) In all patients who were not ventilated with oxygen either prior to or during anesthetic induction, sharp decrease in arterial oxygen saturation was observed during induction of anesthesia and particularly following endotracheal intubation. 2) No significant decrease in arterial oxygen saturation was noted in patients, who were not ventilated with oxygen prior to but during anesthetic induction, either during induction of anesthesia or following endotracheal intubation. (3) In the aboves preanesthetic deep breathing did not considerably improve the arterial oxygenation during anesthesia. (4) In cases for whom preanesthetic denitrogenation had been performed with highf low oxygen but no oxygen was administered during anesthetic induction, there occurred no significant decrease in arterial oxygen saturation not only during induction of anesthesia but also after endotracheal intubation. The authors believe that this anesthetic technique the most recommendable one for the patient with full stomach. (5) In normally oxygenated states, suctioning did not cause any significant fall in arterial oxygen saturation. (6) In view of the likelihood of laryngospasm in conjunction with endotracheal extubation, the authors recommend to perform tracheobroncheal toilet only under normal oxygenation to avoid and minimize hypoxia.