Rapid Chondrolysis of Knee Joint after Arthroscopy Using Radiofrequency Device / 대한정형외과학회잡지

We report the cases of 3 young individuals, each of whom presented to our hospital for the evaluation and treatment of sudden onset chondrolysis. Previously, all 3 individuals had undergone arthroscopic knee procedures over a similar time at another hospital. In this paper, we review the possible problems that cause chondrolysis during or after arthroscopic procedures, such as the followings: use of thermal treatment, occult infection with Propionibacterium acnes, idiopathic or iatrogenic osteochondral injury, high temperature of fluid during arthroscopic irrigation, improperly placed implants, and the use of an intra-articular pain pump. We can exclude other causes of chondrolysis through the clinical course of the patients and surgical records and progress records. We conclude that the possible cause of chondrolysis in all cases was due to thermal injury caused by high temperatures, which decreased or blocked the irrigation fluid flow generated during arthroscopy.

The Changes of Nitric Oxide Synthase after Spinal Cord Injury according to the AgeinRats / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: This study examined the differences in NOS expression after a spinal cord injury (SCI) in young and adult rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 20 Sprague-Dawley rats (5 weeks and 16 weeks) were anesthetized with halothane, and laminectomies were performed at the level of the eleventh thoracic vertebra. The spinal cord injury was induced using the dropping method. Immunohistochemistry for nNOS and iNOS and NADHP-d for eNOS were performed on the spinal cord after SCI 1 and 7 days after surgery. The behavior of the rats subjected to spinal cord injury were examined by BBB scoring. The differences between the young and adult rats were analyzed using a paired t-test with significance set at p<0.05. RESULTS: There was a decrease in the number of nNOS immunoreactive cells, and an increase in the number of iNOS immunoreactive cells and NADPH-d positive (eNOS reactive) blood vessels in the spinal cords of the adult rats 1 and 7 days after SCI. On the other hand, in the young rats, the number of nNOS immunoreactive cells in the spinal cords was maintained 1 day after SCI, and NADPH-d positive (eNOS reactive) blood vessels were abundant in the spinal cords 1 and 7 days after SCI. There was a higher iNOS immunoreactivity in the spinal cords of the adult rats after SCI than in the young rats. The motor dysfunction of the hind limbs was slightly lower in the young rats was than in the adult rats. In addition, the recovery of the motor dysfunction was more rapid in the young rats than in the adult rats. CONCLUSION: An increase in the neuroprotective eNOS reactivity was prominent in young rats, whereas an increase in neurodestructive iNOS expression was prominent in the adult rats.