ABSTRACT
The study conducted “Analysis of constraints on production and marketing of tasar and mulberry silk in Chhattisgarh” included four districts i.e. Bastar, Korba, Jashpur and Raigarh. In each district one block, from Bastar district Jagdalpur block, Jashpur district Kansabel block, Korba district Korba block and Raigarh district, Dharamjaigarh block has been selected for the study based on maximum tasar and mulberry seed centres and 16 villages has been selected for the study, information about the primary data was collected from 160 cocoon growers in selected areas, though well-prepared interview schedule/ questionnaires. The study observed that tasar and mulberry cocoon grower and their marketing was found to be major constraints unavailability of labour during the production process was ranked first according to measurement, respectively silkworm, lack of knowledge in the maintenance of host plant, unavailability of the good quality plantation, lack of technical guidance, unavailability of input on time, difficulty obtaining DFL’s, lack of knowledge about training and pruning of host plant among marketing constraints suffers SHG’s were obtaining rank first lack of marketing facilities, followed by the poor quality of cocoon, difficulties of grading of the cocoon, lack of market information regarding the price of tasar and mulberry cocoon, lack of proper price received by cocoon growers, transportation cost, the lake of proper payment facility to silk grower and lack of storage facilities of cocoon despite all the constraints the area has great potential for silk production. Therefore cocoon growers in the study area can be provided with adequate knowledge in both tasar and mulberry cocoon production to enhance the production and productivity of cocoons.
ABSTRACT
To analyze, the present rainfall status and trend, the long term weather data (1980-2020) viz., gridded annual rainfall data was analysed which was obtained from the department of Agrometeorology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya Raipur, Using linear trend, the long-term change in rainfall has been evaluated. It is obsered that the state receives the maximum amount of rainfall from the southwest monsoon, around 87 percent from June to September, the state receives 15 percent in June and the state receives 29,26 and 16 percent rainfall in the Month of July, August and September, respectively. Long term weather data of state rainfall, it is seen that rainfall in June and September is less consistent since the coefficient of variation is around 33 and 30 percent, respectively; we would conclude that rainfall in June has more variability than in monsoon months, SW monsoon and annual rainfall. Average Monsoon and Annual rainfall variability are less than monsoon months. District-wise minimum rainfall variability of June, July, August, and September is around 37 percent (Kanker) and 22 percent (Jashpur). Kabirdham district has a 25 percent variability in August and September. District Kanker and Raigarh varied around 14 percent for monsoon and annual rainfall. As the linear regression in southwest monsoon and annual rainfall in the state of Chhattisgarh is increasing in order, but from 1980 to 2020 it shows more fluctuation in trend line, then if a system is developed for agrometeorology station at cluster level or block level and for forecasting, it will be able to account for these changes.From this, farmers will receive timely information about the monsoon and rainfall, allowing them to conduct agricultural activities at the appropriate time.
ABSTRACT
An experimental study was undertaken to observe effects of fluoride ingestion on lung tissue. The study was conducted on 15 albino rabbits of either sex and experimental fluorosis was induced by daily oral administration of sodium fluoride (NaF) solution. Rabbits were divided into three groups according to the quantity of fluoride ingestion: Group A: rabbits fed with 10 mg/kg/day NaF, Group B: 20 mg/kg/day NaF; and Group C: controls. After six months, the rabbits were sacrificed and their lung tissue was submitted for histopathological examination and fluoride content estimation. On gross examination, pale areas on the surface and dark brown congested areas on cut-section of lungs were seen in rabbits of groups A and B. Histopathological changes of alveolar haemorrhage, congestion, edema fluid, necrosis of alveolar epithelium, distortion of alveolar architecture and desquamation of epithelium of respiratory tract with damage to tracheal cartilage were observed in these groups. These changes were more marked in group B rabbits. Fluoride content of lung tissue homogenate was significantly higher in groups A and B (mean 1.206 ppm and 1.978 ppm respectively) as compared to control (0.1585 ppm). It was concluded that prolonged fluoride ingestion damages pulmonary tissues of rabbits. To the best of our knowledge, effect of chronic fluoride ingestion on lungs has not been reported in the literature, therefore, we had undertaken this study to analyse the effect of chronic fluoride ingestion on lungs.