ABSTRACT
The present prospective study was conducted on 170 patients of lung carcinoma, over a period of two years, to study the clinical features, radiological manifestations and histological types of primary lung carcinoma. These were investigated according to a study protocol which included a detailed history regarding the onset and progress of the disease, smoking habits, detailed examination of the respiratory system, routine laboratory investigations, chest roentgenogram, computed tomography of thorax, fibreoptic bronchoscopy and others. The mean age of the patients was 55.94 years (range 29 to 85 years). Eighty seven percent were males. The smoker to non-smoker ratio was 3.9:1. The average duration of symptoms was three months. Cough was the most common presenting symptom (90%). A history of anti-tubercular treatment was present in 42.5% patients. A mass lesion was the most common radiological finding (30.6%), followed by collapse consolidation in 13.5%. Combination presentation was observed in 43.5% patients. Squamous cell carcinoma presented more commonly as a central mass (75%), while adenocarcinoma as peripheral mass lesion (64.5%). Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histological type diagnosed (45.3%) although adenocarcinoma was the more common in females (39.1%) and non-smokers (51.4%). In India Squamous cell carcinoma is still the most common cell type. Carcinoma lung is still being misdiagnosed as tuberculosis and many patients are wrongly put on antitubercular treatment. Thus there is a need to create awareness about carcinoma lung among the general practitioners.
ABSTRACT
The present study was conducted in 80 cases of snake bite to understand their possible, biochemical and electrical cardio toxic effects. All patients were subjected to routine and specific investigation (ECG, X Ray, SGOT, CPK, CPK - MB, Troponin levels). Subjects were included in three groups, haemotoxic, neurotoxic and non - envenomed group. They were subjected to investigations at the time of admission, 24 hours and 72 hours after the admission. No significant statistical change occurred in cardiac enzymes in all groups at the time of admission. Significant statistical change occurred in LDH, CPK-MB at 24 hours and 72 hours after admission in haemotoxic group. Significant statistical change occurred in Troponin levels and CPK and SGOT at 24 hours after admission but no statistical change occurred at 72 hours after admission. But there was no statistical significant change in biochemical parameters in a neurotoxic group. At admission, there was tachycardia in 29 cases (53.7%) in haemotoxic group and in 16 cases (29.7%) at 24 hours which was statistically significant. At admission there was bradycardia in 10 cases (18.5%). In neurotoxic group there was tachycardia in 6 (60%) cases at admission and in 2 cases (20%) at 24 hours. There was bradycardia in 1 case in neurotoxic group. No significant change occurred in all groups at 72 hours. The present study showed significant statistical ECG changes at admission in the non - envenomated, neurotoxic and hemotoxic groups in the form of tachycardia or bradycardia. Also significant statistical ECG changes in the form of tachycardia was observed 24 hours after admission in hemotoxic group. It could be concluded that snake bites especially haemotoxic group carry the risk of inducing cardio toxic effects but these effects are not fatal.