ABSTRACT
From the fungus Trichoderma sp., we isolated seven novel 18-residue peptaibols, neoatroviridins E-K (1-7), and six new 14-residue peptaibols, harzianins NPDG J-O (8-13). Additionally, four previously characterized 18-residue peptaibols neoatroviridins A-D (14-17) were also identified. The structural configurations of the newly identified peptaibols (1-13) were determined by comprehensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS/MS) data. Their absolute configurations were further determined using Marfey's method. Notably, compounds 12 and 13 represent the first 14-residue peptaibols containing an acidic amino acid residue. In antimicrobial assessments, all 18-residue peptaibols (1-7, 14-17) exhibited moderate inhibitory activities against Staphylococcus aureus 209P, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 8-32 μg·mL-1. Moreover, compound 9 exhibited moderate inhibitory effect on Candida albicans FIM709, with a MIC value of 16 μg·mL-1.
Subject(s)
Peptaibols/chemistry , Trichoderma/metabolism , Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methodsABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the related mechanism of salidroside B on proliferation and metastasis of Rhodiola glucoside glioma cell.Methods:The inhibitory rate of salidroside B on SNU-1 cells were determined using MTT method .The effect of salidroside B on inhibiting metastasis of SNU-1 cells was determined by transwell assay .Finally the effect of expression of related proteins of SNU-1 cells was discussed.The SNU-1 cells apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry .Results: The growth inhibitory rates of SNU-1 cells were increased with the increasing of dose of salidroside B (10,50,100 μg/ml),and there were significant differ-enced.Apoptosis flow cytometry test results showed that SNU-1 cells apoptosis rate was increased with the increasing of dose of salidroside B(10,50,100 μg/ml).ROS levels was increased with the increase of the concentration of salidroside with significant differ -ence.The expression of salidroside B on Caspase-3,Bax and E-cadherin of SNU-1 cells were increased,Bcl-2,N-cadherin and MMP-9 of SNU-1 cells were decreased.Conclusion:The apoptosis of SNU-1 cells may be through Caspase-3 pathway,mitochondrial pathway apoptosis cascade and the level of ROS by salidroside B , and the reduce of metastasis ability may also through the destruction of adhesion between the cells and basement membrane and increased the stability of tumor cells by salidroside B .
ABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Stent placement has been widely used to assist coiling in cerebral aneurysm treatments. The present study aimed to investigate the hemodynamic effects of stenting on wide-necked intracranial aneurysms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three idealized plexiglass aneurismal models with different geometries before and after stenting were created, and their three-dimensional computational models were constructed. Flow dynamics in stented and unstented aneurismal models were studied using in vitro flow visualization and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. In addition, effects of stenting on flow dynamics in a patient-specific aneurysm model were also analyzed by CFD.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results of flow visualization were consistent with those obtained with CFD simulations. Stent deployment reduced vortex inside the aneurysm and its impact on the aneurysm sac, and decreased wall shear stress on the sac. Different aneurysm geometries dictated fundamentally different hemodynamic patterns and outcomes of stenting.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Stenting across the neck of aneurysms improves local blood flow profiles. This may facilitate thrombus formation in aneurysms and decrease the chance of recanalization.</p>