Biomechanical study of tibial avulsion fracture of anterior cruciate ligament with double-headed cannulated compression screw / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To investigate the biomechanical effects of double-headed cannulated compression screws for tibial avulsion fracture of anterior cruciate ligament and the possibility of reducing the risk of intercondylar fossa impingement. Methods Porcine knee joints (30 cases) were taken as experimental samples. Referring to the Meyers classification, it is made into type III fracture. According to the random number table method, they were divided into group A (double-headed cannulated compression screw), group B (cannulated compression screw) and group C (suture), with 10 samples in each group. By detecting the initial displacement and the failure load (peak load and yield load), the nut embedded in the bone block and the failure type were observed to investigate the biomechanical characteristics of the double headed cannulated screw fixation of the fracture. Results The peak load (443.10 ± 8.54) N of group A was not significantly different from that of group C (457.00 ± 26.53) N (P > 0.05), but significantly higher than that of group B (361.70 ± 18.76) N (P < 0.05). The yield load of group A is obviously larger than that of group B (P < 0.05), but it is obviously smaller than the yield load of group C (P < 0.05). The initial displacement of the group A (1.38 ± 0.14) mm was shorter than that of group B and C (1.94 ± 0.12) mm, (3.98 ± 0.19) mm (P < 0.05). The nuts of group A were embedded in the fracture block, and the nuts of group B obviously protruded from the ACL. Conclusions The early biomechanical strength of the anterior cruciate ligament tibial avulsion fracture was significantly better than that of cannulated compression screw and suture, and compared with the cannulated ompression screw, it is difficult to cause intercondylar fossa impingement.

Basic health concept and knowledge and its influencing factors among residents in Xicheng District of Beijing / 预防医学

Objective To realize the status of health literacy on basic health concept and knowledge and its influence factors among the residents in Xicheng District of Beijing, and to provide basis for developing targeted health education in the future. Methods Residents aged 15-69 years in Xicheng District were selected by stratified multi-stage sampling method and investigated using National Health Literacy Questionnaire. The level of basic health concept and knowledge and its influence factors were analyzed. Results We investigated 3462 people and received 3290 valid questionnaires, with 95.03％ efficiency. The rate of having basic health concept and knowledge in residents of Xicheng District was 22.67％, with standardized rate of 24.48％. The rate of having basic health concept and knowledge in males and females were 21.47％ and 23.85％. In all questions of basic health concept and knowledge, the lowest correct answer rate was the route of transmission of tuberculosis, only 10.92％ . Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that occupation (OR: 1.303-2.330) and education level (OR:1.367-2.196) were the influencing factors for basic concept and knowledge of health literacy after other factors have been controlled. Conclusion The level of basic health concept and knowledge in Xicheng District was very low. Occupation and education level were the influencing factors for having basic concept and knowledge of health literacy.

Using the cumulative odds Logit model to explore the application of the questionnaire derived from PANSS / 药学学报

Currently, aripiprazole, olanzapine and risperidone are three anti-psychiatry agents commonly used in the treatment of schizophrenia. Although the efficacy of these drugs is good, schizophrenia cannot be completely cured yet. Patients need long-term medication. The family members of patients may play a key role to understand the disease status of patients after patient discharge from hospital. PANSS is a commonly used scale in the clinic to evaluate the disease status and drug effects of anti-psychiatry agents. It was professionally written, and is not user friendly to amateurs. In the previous study, we developed a questionnaire for patient's family members to monitor the disease status. In this study, we explored the correlations between the results of questionnaire and 5 kinds of disease state corresponding to different PANSS score interval using the cumulative odds Logit model. The final results show that the model had relatively good prediction ability for aripiprazole, olanzapine and risperidone, suggesting that the questionnaire has an extensive prospect of clinical applications.

Association between Tourette syndrome and the dopamine D3 receptor gene rs6280 / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Tourette syndrome (TS) is a complex, heterozygous genetic disorder. The number of molecular genetic studies have investigated several candidate genes, particularly those implicated in the dopamine system. The dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3) gene has been considered as a candidate gene in TS. There was not any report about the association study of TS and DRD3 gene in Han Chinese population. We combined a case-control genetic association analysis and nuclear pedigrees transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) analysis to investigate the association between DRD3 gene rs6280 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and TS in a Han Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 160 TS patients was diagnosed by the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. The DRD3 gene rs6280 SNPs were genotyped by TaqMan SNP genotyping assay technique in all subjects. We used a case-control genetic association analysis to compare the difference in genotype and allele frequencies between 160 TS patients and 90 healthy controls. At the same time, we used TDT analysis to identify the DRD3 gene rs6280 transmission disequilibrium among 101 nuclear pedigrees.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The genotype and allele frequency of DRD3 gene rs6280 SNPs had no statistical difference between control group (90) and TS group (160) (χ2 = 3.647, P = 0.161; χ2 = 0.643, P = 0.423) using Chi-squared test. At the basis of the 101 nuclear pedigrees, TDT analysis showed no transmission disequilibrium of DRD3 gene rs6280 SNPs (χ2 = 0; P = 1).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Our findings provide no evidence for an association between DRD3 gene rs6280 and TS in the Han Chinese population.</p>

Prevalence and prescription of antidepressants in depression with somatic comorbidity in Asia: the Research on East Asian Psychotropic Prescription Patterns study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Depression is often comorbid with chronic somatic diseases. Few previous studies have investigated the prevalence of somatic diseases in depression or the prescription pattern of antidepressants in comorbidly depressed patients in Asia. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of somatic comorbidity (SC) in depression and compared the prescriptions of antidepressants in depressed patients with and without SC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 2320 patients treated with antidepressants in 8 Asian countries were examined, and a diagnosis was based on the International Classification of Disease, 10 th revision. We listed 17 common chronic somatic diseases. Patients' socio-demographic and clinical characteristics and psychotropic drug prescriptions were recorded using a standardized protocol and data collection procedure.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the patients examined, 1240 were diagnosed with depression and 30% of them (n = 375) had SC. The most common comorbid condition was diabetes (23.7%). The patients with SC were more likely to seek help at a general hospital (74.7% vs. 47.2%), and had a higher incidence of symptoms involving sadness, disturbed sleep, and poor appetite. Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant was prescribed more for patients with SC than for those without SC (30.4% vs. 22.9%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SC is common in depressed Asian patients. It is important to strengthen the recognition of depression, especially in general hospitals and when patients report some somatic discomfort. It is also a matter of urgency to establish evidence-based guidelines for the use of new antidepressants in depressed patients with SC.</p>

Healthy lifestyle and behavior literacy of residents living in Xicheng District of Beijing in 2008 vs.2012 / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective To learn healthy lifestyle and behavior literacy of residents living in Xicheng District of Beijing between 2008 and 2012 and to explore the influencing factors of healthy lifestyle and behavior literacy.Methods A total of 1 347 or 2 900 adults aged 18-60 years old were recurited from Xicheng District by using multistage stratified cluster sampling method in 2008 and 2012,respectively.Chisquare test and non-conditional logistic regression were used to analyze the effectiveness of 2-year intervention on healthy lifestyle and behavior literacy.Results The rate of healthy lifestyle and behavior literacy was 14.8％ vs.30.8％ in 2008 or 2012,respectively (x2=123.574,P＜0.05).For those with relatively lower education level (e.g.junior high school or below),the figure showed no statistically significant difference (x2=1.378,P＞0.05).In multivariate logistic regression analysis,female (odds ratio (OR)=1.350),education level (college/bachelor degree:OR=2.035,master degree or above:OR=2.554),monthly family income (＞5 000 RMB:OR=1.399) and investigation time (2012:OR=2.278) were influencing factors of healthy lifestyle and behavior literacy.Conclusion Remarkable improvement in healthy lifestyle and behavior literacy during 2012 as compared to 2008 could be attributed to the comprehensive interventions.In the future,those of low-literacy or low-income should be the mian target of modification of healthy lifestyle and behavior literacy.

Influencing factors of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among community residents in Beijing / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective To describe the prevalence and risk factors of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among community patients and their family members in Beijing.Methods Accidental sampling method was used in this cross-sectional study to select patients and their family members who visited a community healthcare center in Beijing from June to September 2008.The subjects were required to complete essential information questionnaire,Beck Depression Inventory,Beck Anxiety Inventory and Beck Hopelessness Scale.Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to learn the risk factors of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt.Results A total of 2791 valid questionnaires were collected,with a response rate of 90.0％.The participants included 1074 males and 1717 females with mean age (36.8±13.1)years old.The one-year prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt was 2.8％ (77/2791) or 1.1％ (30/2791),respectively.The one-year prevalence of suicidal ideation was significantly different among the subjects with different professions (x2=12.512,P=0.006),negative events (x2=53.287,P＜0.001),family history of suicide (x2=103.922,P＜0.001),family history of psychiatry diseases (x2=20.640,P＜0.001),hopelessness (x2=77.337,P＜0.001),depression (x2=135.918,P＜0.001) and anxiety (x2=70.303,P＜0.001).The one-year prevalence of suicidal attempt was statistically different among the subjects with different professions (x2=7.954,P=0.037),family history of psychiatry diseases (x2=6.257,P=0.003),hopelessness (x2=29.838,P＜0.001),depression (x2=21.352,P＜0.001) and anxiety (x2=10.014,P＜0.001).Multivariate logistic analysis found that the most important risk factors of suicidal ideation were depression (for mild,moderate and severe depression:odds ratio (OR) 2.38,5.55 and 16.21,respectively; 95％ confidence internal (CI) 1.07-5.31,2.31-13.37 and 6.93-37.92,respectively),family history of suicide (OR=1 1.68,95％CI 5.03-27.10),hopelessness (for mild,moderate and severe hopelessness:OR 3.65,4.25 and 5.02,respectively; 95％ CI 1.55-8.56,1.70-10.65 and 1.46-17.26,respectively),negative life events (OR=2.25,95％ CI 1.35-4.45).The most important risk factors for suicide attempt were hopelessness (for mild,moderate and severe hopelessness:OR 1.09,5.58 and 7.62,respectively; 95％ CI 0.36-3.34,2.03-15.30 and 1.50-38.72,respectively),depression (for mild,moderate and severe depression:OR 1.08,0.27 and 3.02,respectively; 95％ CI 0.43-2.75,0.03-2.29 and 1.05-8.75,respectively) and family history of psychiatry diseases (OR=3.00,95％CI 1.07-8.46).Conclusions Hopelessness and depression could increase the risk of suicide behaviors.Family clinicians should be trained to identify such risk tactors and provide appropriate mental health intervention.

Lycopene protects against hypoxia/reoxygenation-injury by preventing calpain activation / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the possible mechanism of lycopene on protecting against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Primary cultured cardiomyocytes, isolated from neonatal mouse, were divided into three groups randomly: control group (C) ; H/R group(4 h H followed by 8 h R); lycopene+H/R group(L+H/R), in which the cardiomyocytes were pretreated with lycopene for 4 h before H/R. The survival of cardiomyocytes was counted. Apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL assays. The release of cytochrome c from mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol, the activity of caspase-3, intracellular ROS levels and the activity of calpain were also determined in these groups respectively at the same time.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The pretreatment of cardiomyocytes with lycopene significantly improved the survival of cardiomyocytes [C: (89.84 ± 5.15)%, H/R: (63.59 ± 5.11)%, L+H/R: (79.25 ± 1.48)%, P < 0.05] and reduced the extent of apoptosis [C: ( 10.37 ± 1.25)%, H/R: (32.03 ± 4.79)%, L+H/R: (22.57 ± 3.22)%, P < 0.05], significantly reduced caspase-3 activation [C: (2.61 ± 0.19), H/R: (5.82 ± 0.92), L+H/R: (3.74 ± 0.64) pNA pmol/µg protein, P < 0.05]. To further study the mechanism underlying the benefits of lycopene, interactions between lycopene and calpain activation were examined. Lycopene pretreatment of cardiomyocytes suppressed the activation of calpain(C:272.33 ± 300.46, H/R: 1156.00 ± 212.02, L+H/R: 607.33 ± 166.23, P < 0.05) by reducing the H/R induced increased intracellular ROS levels [C: 100%, H/R: (239.79 ± 27.27)%, L+H/R: (188.19 ± 17.63)%, P < 0.05].</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Lycopene may protect against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury by preventing calpain activation.</p>

Population pharmacokinetics research of clozapine in Chinese schizophrenic patients / 药学学报

The goal of this study is to investigate the population pharmacokinetics of oral given clozapine in Chinese schizophrenic patients and to identify possible relationships between population parameters and covariates including demography factors and CYP1A2 genetic polymorphism, so as to create the population pharmacokinetics model to guide individual clinical delivery. Details of drug dosage history, sampling time and concentration of 626 data points from 183 patients were collected retrospectively. The 183 patients were randomly allocated either to the index group (n = 168) or to the validation group (n = 15). Population pharmacokinetic data analysis was performed using the nonlinear mixed-effects model (NONMEM) program on the index group. The values of apparent clearance (CL/F), apparent volume of distribution (V/F) and the constant of absorption rate were estimated. A number of covariates including demographic index, coadministration of other drugs and CYP1A2 genotypes were evaluated statistically for their influence on these parameters. The final population model related clearance with day-dose/BSA (DBSA) and smoke habit (SMOK). Predictive performance of the final model evaluated with the validation group showed insignificant bias between observed and model predicted concentrations. Typical value of CL/F (non-smoking group), V/F and the constant of absorption rate were 28.5 L x h(-1) (5.05%), 1 290 L (16.7%) and 2.26 h(-1) (fixed), inter-patient variability (CV) in CL/F and V/F was) 42.2% and 10.0%, respectively. It was observed that the values of CL/F in the two smoking groups were higher than that in the non-smoking group. The residual variability (SD) between observed and model-predicted concentrations was 45.8 microg x L(-1).

Protection effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on apoptosis / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether tacrine and donepezil can prevent apoptosis induced by Lipopolysaccharides.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Phase-contrast microscopes was used to observe the morphological changes of Vero cells. Cell counting kit-8 was used to measure cell survival vitro. DNA fragment was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis to determine the apoptotic biochemical changes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Vero cells treated with 400 microg/ml and 500 microg/ml Lipopolysaccharides exhibited cell apoptosis. 10 micromol/L tacrine provided protective effect to 500 microg/ml Lipopolysaccharides induced cell apoptosis measured by Phase-contrast microscopes, cell counting kit-8 and DNA fragment analyze. However, donepezil did not show any protective effect of the apoptosis induced by 500 microg/ml Lipopolysaccharides.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Lipopolysaccharides can induce apoptosis in Vero cells to built an apoptotic model in vitro. Tacrine rather than donepezil can inhibit Lipopolysaccharides induced apoptosis in Vero cells.</p>

Quality of life in postpartum women and the associated factors:a survey in a community in Beijing / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective To evaluate health-related quality of life in postpartum women and investigate the associated factors.Methods A questionnaire was designed to investigate the general situation of 419 postpartum women in Beijing,and use MOSSF-36 questionnaire (SF-36)developed by American Medical Outcome Research Group to evaluate and analyze their quality of life.Participants were stratified according to education level,age,occupation or family income and the SF-36 profiles in whole sample or in subgroups were compared.Results There are significant differences among different education level groups in PF and RE categories(both P＜0.05);among different age groups in RP,BP,VT,SF,RE categories (all P＜0.05);and among different occupation groups in PF,VT and SF(all P＜0.05).There is no difference among different income groups in all categories (P＞0.05).Conclusions Different age, occupation,education level,mother's and infant's age and depression play important roles in the quality of life in community postpartum women.

Study on the factors influencing suicidal ideation among medical students in Beijing / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of personality-related health risk factors on suicidal ideation among medical students.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>1204 medical students at first grade were selected in Beijing, using random cluster sampling method. Data were obtained through health risk behaviors questionnaire, personality diagnostic questionnaire-4 (PDQ-4) and were analyzed by logistic regression method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 12 risk factors selected from single factor analysis, including physical fight, physical abuse, physically forced to have sexual intercourse, sexual risk behaviors, tobacco and alcohol use behaviors, loneliness, bad mood, insomnia, feeling hopeless, higher PDQ-4 score and internet abuse behaviors. Data from Unconditional logistic regression showed that the main risk factors of suicide ideation were insomnia (OR = 4.98), physical abuse (OR = 4.43), sexual risk behaviors (OR = 2.63), bad mood (OR = 2.32), feeling hopeless (OR = 1.98), higher PDQ-4 score (OR = 1.09) in male students; while fighting (OR = 7.10), loneliness (OR = 4.42), physically forced to have sexual intercourse (OR = 4.19), internet abuse behaviors( OR = 1.39) in female students.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Suicidal ideation was associated with various factors, with significant gender difference.</p>