Five New Records of Soil-Derived Trichoderma in Korea: T. albolutescens, T. asperelloides, T. orientale, T. spirale, and T. tomentosum

Despite the huge worldwide diversity of Trichoderma (Hypocreaceae, Ascomycota), only about 22 species have been reported in Korea. Thus, between 2013 and 2015, soil-derived Trichoderma spp. were isolated to reveal the diversity of Korean Trichoderma. Phylogenetic analysis of translation elongation factor 1 alpha gene was used for identification. Among the soil-derived Trichoderma, Trichoderma albolutescens, T. asperelloides, T. orientale, T. spirale, and T. tomentosum have not been previously reported in Korea. Thus, we report the five Trichoderma species as new in Korea with morphological descriptions and images.

Immunohistochemical Identification of Pneumocystis jirovecii in Liquid-based Cytology of Bronchoalveolar Lavage: Nine Cases Report

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is caused by the yeast-like fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii, which is specific to humans. PCP could be a source of opportunistic infection in adults that are immunosuppressed and children with prematurity or malnutrition. The diagnosis should be confirmed by identification of the causative organism, by analysis of the sputum, a bronchoalveolar lavage or a tissue biopsy. In both histologic and cytologic specimens, the cysts are contained within frothy exudates, which form aggregated clumps. The cysts often collapse forming crescent-shaped bodies that resemble ping-pong balls. We recently diagnosed nine cases of PCP using an immunohistochemical stain for Pneumocystis. The patients consisted of five human immunodeficiency virus positive individuals, two renal transplant recipients, and two patients with a malignant disease. All nine patients were infected with P. jirovecii, which was positive for monoclonal antibody 3F6. In conclusion, the immunohistochemical stain used in this report is a new technique for the detection of P. jirovecii infection.

Isolated pulmonary cryptococcosis in an immunocompetent boy / 소아과

Pulmonary cryptococcosis is rare in immunocompetent subjects. Here, we present the case of a 16-year-old boy who was referred to our pediatric department for the management of multiple consolidations detected on chest radiography, which was routinely performed when the patient was being evaluated for an ankle fracture. Fine needle aspiration biopsy was performed, and the definitive diagnosis was established as cryptococcal pneumonia. After 8 weeks of antifungal treatment, the pulmonary nodules on the chest radiographs disappeared.

Malignant Glomus Tumors of the Stomach: A Report of 2 Cases with Multiple Metastases

Glomus tumors are mesenchymal neoplasms usually developing in the dermis or subcutis of the extremities. The majority of glomus tumors are entirely benign, and malignant glomus tumors are very rare, especially those arising in the visceral organs. Here, we are presenting two cases of malignant glomus tumor, initially diagnosed in the stomach by endoscopic biopsy. Case 1 was found in the stomach, right kidney, brain and humerus of a 65-year-old woman, and Case 2 in the stomach and liver of a 63-year-old man. Histologically, the tumor was composed of solid sheets and nests of round and short-spindle shaped tumor cells with vesicular nucleus and prominent nucleolus. The tumor cells were closely admixed with blood vessels of varying size. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells showed diffuse and strong positive staining for smooth muscle actin and paranuclear, dot-like staining for synaptophysin, but negative for desmin, c-kit, CD34 and S-100 protein. These two are rare cases of a malignant glomus tumor with widespread metastases.

S-phase Fraction as an Independent Prognostic Factor in Invasive Breast Carcinoma -A Study of Long-term Follow-up / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: To evaluate the significance of the S-phase fraction (SPF) and DNA ploidy, determined by DNA flow cytometry, as prognostic markers in invasive breast cancer. METHODS: Between October 1986 and June 1999, 143 breast carcinoma patients, treated by surgery, were analyzed. Flow cytometry was performed for the identification of the SPF and DNA ploidy, with immunohistochemistry performed on paraffin embedded material for the hormone receptor. Two SPF classes were defined on the basis of the median value (10) by using a log rank test (high SPF>10, low SPF<10). The correlation between SPF and the clinicopathological factors (tumor size, lymph node status, histological grade and steroid receptor status) and between the SPF and 5 yr disease-free survival (DFS) were investigated. RESULTS: DNA ploidy was not associated with tumor size, lymph node status, histological grade, overall survival and DFS. In a univariate analysis, high SPF values were associated with shorter 5 yr DFS in individual groups. In the node negative group, the 5 yr DFS of the low SPF group was higher than that of the high SPF group, but in the node positive group, the SPF values showed statistical significance with the 5 yr DFS. In a multivariate analysis, the SPF was independently associated with the 5 yr DFS in the node negative group. CONCLUSION: These results suggested the SPF is an independent prognostic factor in lymph node negative, estrogen receptor positive and progesterone receptor negative breast cancers.

Three cases of pulmonary and/or intestinal tuberculosis in adolescents / 소아과

Since the tuberculosis (TB) in adolescents has unique clinical characteristics, special attention should be paid to this age group. Adolescents are more susceptible to developing TB disease and more likely to have cavitary pulmonary disease. Also, adolescent patients with TB more frequently present with extrapulmonary disease. We report three adolescents with active pulmonary and/or intestinal TB: one had pulmonary and intestinal TB, another had a pulmonary TB, and the third exclusively had an intestinal TB. Diagnosis was confirmed by pathologic examination of the lung and/or intestines. All three patients were treated successfully without complication. A brief review of the literature has been included.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Aplastic Anemia Patient

The major manifestations of aplastic anemia are characterized by persistent bone marrow aplasia and peripheral pancytopenia due to defective stem cells in which differentiation is not curtailed or preferential elimination of stem cells with self-renewal capacity, which results in serious complications such as bleeding and infection. Recent advances in the therapeutic modalities, such as bone marrow transplantation and immunosuppressive therapy, and in supportive measures as component transfusion and infection control with better quality of antibiotics resulted in an improved survival and subsequently increased possibility of complications which need surgical intervention. Considering the fact that surgery may not only control complications, but offers the opportunity to give effective therapy for aplastic anemia and therefore improves chances for survival, it is strongly suggested that active surgical intervention should be performed. We report a case of patient with aplastic anemia who had been performed surgical intervention of partial maxillectomy for the squamous cell carcinoma on maxilla without serious complications during perioperative and postoperative period.

Two Cases of Laser Treated Extramammary Paget`s Disease / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Since Paget`s first description in 1874 of what is presently known as Paget`s disease of the nipple, similar lesions have been reported rarely on the penis and scrotum, vulva, perineum, axilla and the eyelids. Because it is often associated with a subjacent or visceral malignancy and recurrence, extramammary Paget`s disease(EPD) is considered as malignant condition. This case report describes two patients with extramammary Paget`s disease of the penoscrotal area. One of them had renal cell carcinoma in left kidney and was managed by radical nephrectomy. Treatments for EPD were initiated by CO2 laser 3 or 4 times, but failed and then we excised the lesion widely and closed primarily with split thickness skin graft in one of the cases.

A Case of Leiomyosarcoma of the Scrotum / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Scrotal leiomyosarcoma arising from dartos layer not involving the testis, epididymis or spermatic cord is very rare tumor. We report a case of scrotal leiomyosarcoma in 29 year old man who present with right scrotal painless growing mass. The lesion had been for 3 months but there was no related symptom such as pain or tenderness. The excised lesion was 3 x 3cm sized ovoid mass with smooth surface and it had no relationship with the testis, epididymis and spermatic cord. Its pathologic finding was compatible with leiomyosarcoma. So additional radical orchiectomy was done.