Progress of studies on anti-breast tumor mechanism of alkaloids / 中国中药杂志

Breast tumor has become one of the malignant tumors with the highest incidence, and is a serious threat to human health, especially to women. Chemotherapy is an important anti-breast tumor therapy, which can be used in almost every stage of breast tumor therapy alone or in the combination with surgery and radiation therapy. Alkaloids are a kind of ubiquitous natural products, and important active components of various medicinal plants. A large number of studies have shown that alkaloids could exert an anti-breast tumor effect by inhibiting proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis, resisting mitosis, promoting apoptosis and autophagy, and triggering cell cycle arrest. The extensive anti-breast tumor effect makes alkaloids an important candidate drug source. This paper reviews the anti-breast tumor mechanism of natural products of alkaloids.

Pilot study of artificial intelligence ultrasound diagnosis of biliary atresia based on deep learning / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To explore the feasibility of artificial intelligence ultrasound to diagnose of biliary atresia (BA) based on deep learning.Methods:A total of 531 gallbladder ultrasound images in 177 cases of BA patients (BA group) and 585 gallbladder ultrasound images in 195 cases of Non-BA patients (Non-BA group) were collected in Hunan Children′s Hospital from September 2018 to October 2020. For the BA and Non-BA groups, all images were divided into training set and test set according to the ratio of 2∶1. The Mask R-CNN model was trained by training samples, and then the model was tested, according to patient and image as a unit respectively, to evaluate the gallbladder organ detection rate and the diagnostic accuracy of BA. In addition, the images of the test set were randomly numbered.Four sonographers were invited to interpret the images to calculate the diagnostic accuracy individually. Last, the diagnostic accuracy of the Mask R-CNN model was compared with that of sonographers.Results:In terms of the automatic detection of gallbladder organs, the detection rate in both BA and Non-BA group reached 100%, but there were 17 false alarms in 372 test images, with a false alarm rate of 4.57%. In terms of the diagnostic rate of gallbladders, when taking patient as a unit, the total diagnostic accuracy of the model in the test set was 95.97%, which was higher than that of the sonographers in other hospitals and the sonographer with intermediate professional title in our hospital, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.005). It was slightly higher than that of sonographer with senior professional title in our hospital (91.94%), but the difference was not statistically significant ( P=0.183). When taking picture as a unit, the total diagnostic accuracy of the model was 97.04%, which was higher than that of the sonographers in other hospitals and the sonographer with intermediate professional title in our hospital, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). It was slightly higher than that of sonographer with senior professional title in our hospital (94.09%), but the difference was not statistically significant ( P=0.05). Conclusions:The artificial intelligence technology based on Mask R-CNN can automatically and accurately detect gallbladder organs and diagnose BA, which is worthy of further study.

Analysis on the academic characteristics of tumor treatment reported in / 中国针灸

() contains a large number of acupuncture medical cases, involving a variety of illnesses, and more cases of the treatment of cancer. The medical cases in point out that the tumor is a tangible evil, and its pathological factors are often regarded as sputum. It should be diagnosed and treated early, and it is easy to be dangerous if delayed. Acupuncture treatment should be based on the treatment of tumor itself, in the consideration of consolidating the root and cultivating the primary, treatment should be clear about the condition of the disease, pay attention to the timing of acupuncture, selecting correctly the reinforcing or reducing technique, emphasizing the use of moxibustion. The academic characteristics of medical treatment of tumors have had a profound impact on later generations, and it is still of great significance for guiding clinical acupuncture treatment of tumor diseases today.

The role of human lysozyme-like protein 4 in fertilization and its enzymatic properties / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To elucidate the possible role of human lysozyme-like protein 4 (LYZL4) in fertilization and characterize its enzymatic properties.@*METHODS@#The localization of LYZL4 in human spermatozoa was investigated by immunofluorescence staining, the sources of LYZL4 on the sperm surface examined by RT-PCR, and the role of LYZL4 in fertilization assessed by the zona-free hamster egg penetration test. The recombinant plasmid pPIC9K-LYZL4 was constructed and its expression induced with methanol after transformed into competent Pichia pastoris GS115. The recombinant LYZL4 protein (rLYZL4) was purified from the fermentation supernatant and subsequently identified by Western blot. The hyaluronan binding ability of rLYZL4 was determined by ELISA and the muramidase activity, hyaluronidase activity, and free radical scavenging ability examined by spectrophotometric methods.@*RESULTS@#Immunodetection with a specific antiserum localized LYZL4 on the acrosomal membrane of mature spermatozoa, which was exclusively secreted from the testis and epididymis as shown by RT-PCR. Immunoneutralization of LYZL4 significantly decreased the number of human spermatozoa bound to zona-free hamster eggs in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. The recombinant protein was expressed successfully by the P. pastoris strain GS115. Purified rLYZL4 exhibited a potent hyaluronan binding ability and a strong free radical scavenging ability but no muramidase or hyaluronidase activity.@*CONCLUSIONS@#LYZL4 secreted from the testis and epididymis is localized on the acrosomal membrane of mature spermatozoa and plays a role in sperm-egg binding as well as in binding hyaluronan and scavenging free radicals, which suggests that it might be a multi-functional molecule contributive to sperm protection and sperm-egg binding.

Effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins on phenotype marker protein of renal cells in db/db mice / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To investigate the effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins on the phenotype-transforming marker protein expression of db/db renal cells in mice model of type 2 diabetes,and to explore the protective mechanism of grape seed extract on diabetic renal injury in db/db mice.Methods Male db/db diabetic mice were randomly divided into two groups:diabetic group (db/db group) and diabetic + grape seed proanthocyanidin extract group (db/db + GSPE).The same week-old male db/m mice was used as normal controls (db/m) and grape seed proanthocyanidin extract gavage treatment group (db/m +grape seed proanthocyanidin extract group,db/m + GSPE).The mice of db/db + GSPE group and db/m + GSPE group were administered daily with grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (5mg/kg) by gavage.Results Renal tissues of db/db diabetic mice showed increased expression of α-SMA,p-p38MAPK,pERK1/2 and 8-OHdG level,and down-regulation in E-cadherin expression compared with db/m group (P ＜ 0.05).However,the alternations of α-SMA,p-p38,p-ERK1/2,E-cadherin protein levels,and 8-OHdG level,in db/db group were reversed by addition of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract inhibits the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) associated protein,by decreasing ROS production,and activating p38 MAPK and ERK1/2.These findings suggest that grape seed proanthocyanidin extract provides a treatment option for diabetic nephropathy.

Clinical study on effect of HCL combined with Bromine Hydrochloride on infantile cough / 药物评价研究

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of ambroxol hydrochloride combined with cough syrupintegrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on infantile cough.Methods Selected 200 cases of patients with cough who were treated in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2015,divided into two groups randomly,100 cases in observation group,100 cases in control group.The observation group was treated with ambroxol hydrochloride combined with cough syrup,the control group were treated with ambroxol hydrochloride.To observe the clinical symptoms and clinical manifestations of the patients after treatment,recorded the time of cough and the disappearance of cough,and to determine the effect of treatment.The lung function indexes of the two groups were detected:peak expiratory flow,forced vital capacity,forced expiratory volume in one second,maximal expiratory flow rate of 50％ vital capacity and maximal expiratory flow rate of 25％ vital capacity.All the patients were followed up for 6 months by telephone or clinic,the recurrence rate of the two groups was observed,and the number of children with asthma were recorded.Results The time of cough and the disappearance time of cough in observation group were significantly shorter than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05);the total effective rate of observation group was 93.00％ (93/100),significantly higher than that of the control group 74.00％ (74/100) (P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,expiratory flow peak,forced vital capacity,one second forced expiratory volume,vital capacity 50％ of maximum expiratory flow and 25％ of vital capacity maximal expiratory flow of two groups were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05) and the observation group increased more significantly than the control group (P ＜0.05).After 6 months of follow-up,the control group had 22 cases of recurrence,the recurrence rate was 22.00％;the observation group had 6 cases of recurrence,the recurrence rate was 6.00％,the recurrence rate of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05);the control group had 14 cases of children with asthma,the change rate was 14％;the observation group had 2 cases of children with asthma,the change rate was 2％,the change rate of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ambroxol hydrochloride combined with cough syrup has better curative effect on infantile cough,can effectively improve children's lung function,reduce the rate of recurrence and change of asthma,which has high clinical application value.

Clinical study on effect of HCL combined with Bromine Hydrochloride on infantile cough / 药物评价研究

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of ambroxol hydrochloride combined with cough syrupintegrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on infantile cough.Methods Selected 200 cases of patients with cough who were treated in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2015,divided into two groups randomly,100 cases in observation group,100 cases in control group.The observation group was treated with ambroxol hydrochloride combined with cough syrup,the control group were treated with ambroxol hydrochloride.To observe the clinical symptoms and clinical manifestations of the patients after treatment,recorded the time of cough and the disappearance of cough,and to determine the effect of treatment.The lung function indexes of the two groups were detected:peak expiratory flow,forced vital capacity,forced expiratory volume in one second,maximal expiratory flow rate of 50％ vital capacity and maximal expiratory flow rate of 25％ vital capacity.All the patients were followed up for 6 months by telephone or clinic,the recurrence rate of the two groups was observed,and the number of children with asthma were recorded.Results The time of cough and the disappearance time of cough in observation group were significantly shorter than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05);the total effective rate of observation group was 93.00％ (93/100),significantly higher than that of the control group 74.00％ (74/100) (P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,expiratory flow peak,forced vital capacity,one second forced expiratory volume,vital capacity 50％ of maximum expiratory flow and 25％ of vital capacity maximal expiratory flow of two groups were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05) and the observation group increased more significantly than the control group (P ＜0.05).After 6 months of follow-up,the control group had 22 cases of recurrence,the recurrence rate was 22.00％;the observation group had 6 cases of recurrence,the recurrence rate was 6.00％,the recurrence rate of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05);the control group had 14 cases of children with asthma,the change rate was 14％;the observation group had 2 cases of children with asthma,the change rate was 2％,the change rate of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ambroxol hydrochloride combined with cough syrup has better curative effect on infantile cough,can effectively improve children's lung function,reduce the rate of recurrence and change of asthma,which has high clinical application value.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of breast cancer multi-gene panel sequencing / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective:To model and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of next-generation sequencing(NGS)panel for the screening of breast and ovarian cancer using the decision-making model amongst UK Ashkenazi Jews(AJ) women in the German community,determining whether a multi-gene panel would be cost-effective in patients referred to high-risk of breast cancer when compared with no testing program.Methods:Based on the population epidemiology and cost data in the United Kingdom,a decision-analytic model was developed to compare lifetime costs and benefits associated with NGS panel.The cost-effectiveness analysis was analyzed from a payer,s perspective across a lifetime horizon.Multiple source data were used for estimating cancer incidence,total costs,life-years,quality-adjusted life-years(QALYs)and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio(ICER).Costs were reported at 2014 prices and discounted at 3.5%.Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis(PSA)based on Monte Carlo Simulations were per-formed to evaluate the robustness of model.Results:In the base-case analysis,compared with no screening strategy, multi-gene panel test lowered the cancer incidence by 1.1%(0.75% for breast cancer,0.47% for ovarian canc-er),and gained an additional 0.87 life years and 0.89 QALYs,resulting in a discounted ICER of? 6766/QALY. Considering 70%testing uptake,this led to 601 fewer breast cancer cases and 283 fewer ovarian cancer cases.One-way sensitivity analysis indicated that the model was robust to variations for most of model parameters.The penetrance rate of breast cancer susceptibility genes was an important factor affecting overall results of the model.PSA showed that the probability for NGS panel being cost-effective at the threshold of? 20000/QALY-￡ 30000/QALY was over than 90%,compared with no screening strategy.Conclusion: NGS panel testing of breast cancer was cost-effective compared with no screening strategy,especially for those AJ women with high mutation rates.

Detection Rate, Distribution, Clinical and Pathological Features of Colorectal Serrated Polyps / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Colorectal serrated polyp is considered as histologically heterogeneous lesions with malignant potential in western countries. However, few Asian studies have investigated the comprehensive clinical features of serrated polyps in symptomatic populations. The aim of the study was to evaluate the features of colorectal serrated polyps in a Chinese symptomatic population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data from all consecutive symptomatic patients were documented from a large colonoscopy database and were analyzed. Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test and logistic regression analysis were used for the data processing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 9191 (31.7%) patients were detected with at least one colorectal polyp. The prevalence of serrated polyps was 0.53% (153/28,981). The proportions of hyperplastic polyp (HP), sessile serrated adenoma/polyp (SSA/P), and traditional serrated adenoma (TSA) of all serrated polyps were 41.2%, 7.2%, and 51.6%, respectively, which showed a lower proportion of HP and SSA/P and a higher proportion of TSA. Serrated polyps appeared more in males and elder patients while there was no significant difference in the subtype distribution in gender and age. The proportions of large and proximal serrated polyps were 13.7% (21/153) and 46.4% (71/153), respectively. In total, 98.9% (89/90) serrated adenomas were found with dysplasia. Moreover, 14 patients with serrated polyps were found with synchronous advanced colorectal neoplasia, and large serrated polyps (LSPs) (odds ratio: 3.446, 95% confidence interval: 1.010-11.750, P < 0.05), especially large HPs, might have an association with synchronous advanced neoplasia (AN).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The overall detection rate of colorectal serrated polyps in Chinese symptomatic patient population was low, and distribution pattern of three subtypes is different from previous reports. Moreover, LSPs, especially large HPs, might be associated with an increased risk of synchronous AN.</p>

Comparative analysis of biological characteristics of adult mesenchymal stem cells with different tissue origins

OBJECTIVE@#To invest the differences among mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from different tissues and their impacts on clinical applications.@*METHODS@#In this study, MSCs were isolated from adipose tissue (AD), umbilical cord tissue (UC), and menstrual blood (Men) and compared their biological characteristics in terms of proliferation capacity, passage capacity, colony formation, and surface markers were compared.@*RESULTS@#The stem cells (SCs) obtained from different sources were all characterized as MSCs, but demonstrated some differences. Umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UCMSCs) were able to overcome density inhibition. The proliferation rate decreased in the order UCMSCs > MenSCs > ADSCs, while the colony-forming ability decreased in the order MenSCs > ADSCs > UCMSCs. Based on gene-expression data for MSCs from different sources within the same donor, 768 MenSC genes were found that were specifically upregulated or downregulated compared with bone marrow-derived MSCs and UCMSCs, most of which were involved in cell function-related pathways. In addition, MenSCs appeared to be superior in terms of immune inflammation, stress response, and neural differentiation potentials, but weaker in terms of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation capacities, compared with UCMSCs and bone marrow-derived MSCs.@*CONCLUSIONS@#MenSCs have higher extraction efficiency, colony-forming ability, and long time passage capacity. Although the proliferation capacity is inferior to UCMSCs.

Comparative analysis of biological characteristics of adult mesenchymal stem cells with different tissue origins

Objective: To invest the differences among mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from different tissues and their impacts on clinical applications. Methods: In this study, MSCs were isolated from adipose tissue (AD), umbilical cord tissue (UC), and menstrual blood (Men) and compared their biological characteristics in terms of proliferation capacity, passage capacity, colony formation, and surface markers were compared. Results: The stem cells (SCs) obtained from different sources were all characterized as MSCs, but demonstrated some differences. Umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UCMSCs) were able to overcome density inhibition. The proliferation rate decreased in the order UCMSCs > MenSCs > ADSCs, while the colony-forming ability decreased in the order MenSCs > ADSCs > UCMSCs. Based on gene-expression data for MSCs from different sources within the same donor, 768 MenSC genes were found that were specifically upregulated or downregulated compared with bone marrow-derived MSCs and UCMSCs, most of which were involved in cell function-related pathways. In addition, MenSCs appeared to be superior in terms of immune inflammation, stress response, and neural differentiation potentials, but weaker in terms of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation capacities, compared with UCMSCs and bone marrow-derived MSCs. Conclusions: MenSCs have higher extraction efficiency, colony-forming ability, and long time passage capacity. Although the proliferation capacity is inferior to UCMSCs.

Expression of PI3-K, PKB and GSK-3 β in the skeletal muscle tissue of gestational diabetes mellitus

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3-K), protein kinase B (PKB) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3 β) in skeletal muscle tissue of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).@*METHODS@#A total of 90 cases of pregnant women were divided into observation group and control group according to the occurrence of GDM with 45 cases in either, and the expression of PI3-K, PKB, GSK-3 β mRNA expression in skeletal muscle tissue was compared between two groups.@*RESULTS@#The total PI3-K p85 protein was significantly higher in the observation group compared with the control group, the activity of PI3-K was lower than that of the latter; The total PKB, GSK-3 β protein in skeletal tissue had no significant difference between two groups, while the serine phosphorylation levels of PKB and GSK-3β were significantly lower in observation group compared with the control group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The downregulation of PI3-K, PKB and GSK-3βin skeletal tissue of GDM caused by phosphorylation dysfunction of signaling molecules is the reason for insulin resistance and transporter function decline which lead to GDM.

Determination of nineteen organonitrogen pesticides in Paeoniae Radix Alba by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry(CE-MS) method for the analysis of nineteen organonitrogen pesticides in Paeoniae Radix Alba.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CE-MS analysis was performed on a 70 cm X 50 μm fused-silica capillary. The optimal buffer was composed of 1 % formic acid and 15 % methanol(V/V, pH 2.2). The temperature of capillary was controlled at 25 degree. The separation voltage was +20 kV. The optimal MS parameters were as follows: ESI-MS analysis was performed in the positive mode; 90 % methanol containing 0.2 % formic acid with a flow rate of 8 μl·min(-1) was selected as the sheath liquid; the flow rate and temperature of drying gas were 6 L·min(-1) and 250 degree, respectively; The nebulizing gas pressure was set at 5 psig; The optimal values of fragmentor and ESI voltage were 100 V and 5 000 V, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The nineteen pesticides had good linearity over the testing ranges. The average recoveries were in the range of 80.1 %-108.4 % with RSDs less than 20 % (except ethoxyquin and spiroxamine, those of which were 29.2 % and 22.3 % at 0.01 mg.kg(-1) concentration level). The LODs of nineteen pesticides were 0.503 ≊10.1 μg.kg(-1).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method can be used effectively to analyze the nineteen organonitrogen pesticides residue in Paeoniae Radix Alba.</p>

192Ir intraluminal brachytherapy for the prevention of urethral re-stricture / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 192Ir intraluminal brachytherapy for the prevention of urethral re-stricture after transurethral incision or transurethral resection of scar. Methods From Mar. 2004 to Jun. 2006,48 patients aging 18-81 years were treated by 192Ir intraluminal brachytherapy. The length of stricture(0.5-5.5 era) was≤3.0 cm in 90% of the patients. The stricture was caused by trauma in 23 patients and prostate hyperplasia operation in 19 patients. The cause of remaining 6 patients was unclear. All patients were diagnosed by urethra photograph or endoscopy. Radiotherapy was the initial treatment in 26 patients and the second time treatment in 22. The irradiation dose was from 14 Gy to 18 Gy.Results The median follow up was 10 months,and the total response rate was 98%. Only one patient recurred and received transurethral incision again. The uresis was fluency in 47 patients and the maximum flow rate was 13.9-36.4(19.2±10.3) ml/s. No secondary urethral bleeding or urethral cancer was observed.Conclusions Being a safe and feasible treatment, ,192Ir intraluminal brachytherapy following transurethral incision or transurethral resection of scar can effectively prevent urethral re-stricture.

Recent Progress on Plant Bioreactor Expressing Pharmaceutical Proteins / 中国生物工程杂志

Plant bioreactor called mocular farming has enormous potential to produce recombinant protein infinitely. Products expressed in plants has nature physico-chemical property and bioactivity. Plant bioreactor could be an safe, economic and convenient production system which has been widely applied in industries and agriculture, especially in the life science and pharmaceutical industry. The application of recombinant transgenic plant in the production of vaccines, antibodies and pharmaceutical proteins has become a hot point in the plant genetic engineering both at home and broad. However, there are some limiting factors of application such as yield, downstream processing and so on. The advantages and research progress for the mocular farming of pharmaceutical proteins recent three years was discussed, focusing on the existing problems and new strategies in this area.

Rat bone marrow stromal cells induced into dopaminergic neuron by mesencephalic conditional media and cytokines in vitro / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To approach a way to induce MSCs to dopaminergic neuron by mesencephalic conditional media and cytokines in vitro,and supply an ideal cells source for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.Methods The rat MSCs were isolated primarily from the femurs and tibias of the Wistar rats.MSCs were cultured,proliferated and purified by passage culture.Cultuered MSCs were divided into the control and the experimental group.In control group,MSCs were cultured without any induction medium.MSCs of experimental group were first cultured at medium containing bFGF for 24 hours.Then media were replaced with induction media which contained the agents as follows,respectively:GM_1,GDNF, GDNF+GM_1,GDNF+GM_1+mesencephalic conditional media.The surface markers of the differentiated neuron,such as NSE and TH were detected by immunocytoehemistry after MSCs were cultured in induction media for 3 and 7 days.Results In control groups,the NSE expression of MSCs was very lower than experimental groups.The percentage of NSE-positive cells of GDNF+GM_1+mesencephalic conditional media group in 7 day((45.257?5.999)/HP)was significantly more than other groups(control group is 2.214?0.779,GM_1 group is 22.014?3.624,GDNF group is 31.345?2.850,GDNF?GM_1 group is 40.314?4.203,P

The study on the features of dopamine secretion in microencapsulated cells of bovine retinal pigmentary epithelial cells in vitro / 中华老年医学杂志

ObjectiveTo detect the features of dopamine secretion of cultured bovine retinal pigmentary epithelial(RPE) cells. The level of dopamine and survival rate after passage and microencapsulation were also observed. MethodsThe primary culture of bovine RPE cells was made using enzyme digestion. After purification and identification the growth curve of the cell was observed. Alginate-polylysine-alginate(APA) microencapsulated cells were made with a high voltage electostatic system. The activity of the cells in the mirocapsule was investigated by trypan blue staining. The secretion of dopamine was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay. ResultsThe cell had high purity of immunocytochemistry. The growth curve showed that the exponential growth occurred at the first 1~4 days. Dopamine content was first detected at the time point of 2 hour, and arrived at the peak at about 48 hour of the cultivation. The secretion of dopamine was not different between passages. Dopamine secretion was dramatically decreased in the first 4 days after microencapsulation (P