ABSTRACT
Objective • To investigate whether methylene blue-mediated photodynamic therapy (MB-PDT) can induce the apoptosis of macrophages in periodontitis, and simultaneously reduce the bone absorption. Methods • For in vitro treatments, cells were divided into three experimental groups: control group, no treatment; MB group, methylene blue treatment; MB-PDT group, MB and laser irradiation treatment. Then apoptosis and apoptosis related genes were detected in each group. For in vivo treatments, periodontal disease in SD rats was orthodontic ligature and periodontal pathogen induced at the first maxillary molar. After 6 weeks, the ligature was removed and all animals received scaling and root planning(SRP) and were divided according to the following treatments: SRP group, saline solution; MB group, phenothiazinium dye; and MB-PDT group, MB and laser irradiation, once a week. All animals in each treatment were killed after 3 weeks. Immunofluorescence and Micro CT analyses were used to detect the apoptotic macrophages and alveolar bone resorption in periodontal tissues of rats in each group. Results • In vitro experiments showed that the combination of 10 μmol/L MB and 40 J/cm2 light dose could kill more than 50% macrophages, and the apoptosis of macrophages induced by MB-PDT in this mode was most obvious. Meanwhile, MB-PDT increased the expression ratio of proapoptotic gene Bax /antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2 in macrophages. In vivo experiments showed that the macrophages infiltrated in tissues with periodontitis were apoptotic after MB-PDT treatment, while no obvious apoptosis of macrophages infiltrated in the periodontal tissues of SRP and MB rats was found. Micro CT analysis showed that the alveolar bone resorption in MB-PDT rats was less than that in SRP and MB rats (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between SRP rats and MB rats. Conclusion • MB-PDT can induce the apoptosis of hyperproliferating macrophages in periodontitis and reduce the bone absorption. Compared with SRP, MB-PDT is an effective adjunctive treatment of periodontitis.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To explore the changes of pulmonary hemodynamic parameters in pneumoconiosis patients examined by echocardiography and its clinical significance. METHODS: Using simple random sampling method,102 male patients with pneumoconiosis were chosen and divided into simple pneumoconiosis group( 70 cases) and pneumoconiosis combined with chronic pulmonary heart disease( CPHD) group( 32 cases). Forty healthy male volunteers were chosen as the control group. The right heart morphological indexes including the diameters of main pulmonary artery( MPA),right ventricular outflow tract( RVOT),right ventricle( RV),the tricuspid regurgitation velocity and the time velocity integral of the right ventricular outflow tract were measured with echocardiography. The right atrial pressure was estimated and the pulmonary artery systolic pressure( PASP),the pulmonary vascular resistance( PVR) and the ratio of pulmonary artery acceleration time / right ventricular ejection time( PAAT / RVET) were calculated. RESULTS: The diameters of MPA,RVOT and RV in pneumoconiosis combined CPHD group were longer than those of the control group and simple pneumoconiosis group( P <0. 05). The RVOT diameter of simple pneumoconiosis group was longer than that of the control group( P < 0. 05). The indexes of PASP and PVR in pneumoconiosis combined CPHD group were higher than those of the control group and simple pneumoconiosis group,respectively( P < 0. 05). The indexes of PASP and PVR in simple pneumoconiosis group were higher than those of the control group( P < 0. 05). The indexes of PAAT / RVET in pneumoconiosis combined CPHD group and simple pneumoconiosis group were lower than that of the control group,respectively( P < 0. 05). There was no statistical significance difference found in MPA and RV diameters between simple pneumoconiosis group and the control group( P > 0. 05). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that monitoring the pulmonary hemodynamic parameters of pneumoconiosis patients by using echocardiography can provide basis for planning early intervention measures in clinic.