ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the screening results of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and gene mutation distribution of G6PD deficiency in preterm infants in Chengdu, China, in order to provide a basis for the improvement of G6PD screening process in preterm infants.@*METHODS@#Fluorescent spot test for G6PD deficiency using dried blood spots was used for G6PD screening of 54 025 preterm infants born from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019 in Chengdu, and G6PD enzymology and gene detection were used for the diagnosis of 213 infants with positive screening results.@*RESULTS@#Among the 54 025 preterm infants, 192 were diagnosed with G6PD deficiency, with an incidence rate of 3.55‰. The incidence rate of G6PD deficiency in preterm infants was higher than that in full-term infants in the same period of time and tended to increase year by year. Birth in summer, gestational age T mutation tend to have mild conditions.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , China/epidemiology , Genetic Testing , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/genetics , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency/genetics , Infant, Premature , MutationABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Aripiprazole, a dopamine system stabilizer, shows efficacy against both negative symptoms and positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aripiprazole and haloperidol on c-FOS expression in rat brain. METHODS: Aripiprazole (1, 10 and 30 mg/kg, i.p.) and haloperidol (0.1 and 1 mg/kg, i.p.) were administered to adult Male Sprague-Dawley rats. After 2 h of drug or vehicle administration, the rats were killed and their brains were removed and perfused with fixative, then cut into 40 microm slices on a freezing microtome. Brain regions of interest were the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the nucleus accumbens core and shell (NAC-C and NAC-S), the hippocampus (CA1, CA3 and DG), the central amygdala (Ce), the basolateral amygdala (BL) and the temporal cortex (Tc). Immunohistochemistry was performed to label cell bodies containing c-FOS. RESULTS: The administration of aripiprazole at all doses (1, 10 or 30 mg/kg) resulted in greater Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) in the investigated brain areas, as compared to the vehicle. Comparable increases in FLI were demonstrated in the NAC-C and NAC-S in response to both aripiprazole and haloperidol treatment. The administration of haloperidol (0.1 or 1 mg/kg) also resulted in greater FLI in the investigated brain areas, except the mPFC, where no changes were observed. In the Ce and BL, a significant increase in Fos-positive neurons was observed only with 0.1 mg/kg of haloperidol. CONCLUSION: Both aripiprazole and haloperidol increased FLI in limbic areas, which are considered important targets of antipsychotic drugs. The differential action of aripiprazole on FLI in the amygdala and mPFC as compared to haloperidol may be a good way to differentiate atypical from typical antipsychotics.
Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Humans , Male , Rats , Amygdala , Antipsychotic Agents , Brain , Dopamine , Freezing , Haloperidol , Hippocampus , Immunohistochemistry , Neurons , Nucleus Accumbens , Piperazines , Prefrontal Cortex , Quinolones , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Schizophrenia , AripiprazoleABSTRACT
Lithium treatment has been associated with a wide range of cardiac complications. We observed a 53-year-old female patient who presented with complete heart block due to lithium toxicity. The patient had been diagnosed as schizoaffective disorder and had been taking a stable dose of lithium, 1,500 mg/day since January 2007. Recently, she begun a strict diet and experienced muscle weakness and lethargy a few days later. While receiving fluid therapy, she lost her consciousness and was transferred to an emergency medical center. An electrocardiogram revealed that she had complete heart block, so a temporary pacemaker was inserted immediately. After 4 days of intensive care, her heartbeat recovered spontaneously and the temporary pacemaker was removed. On the 11th day, she had sufficiently recovered and could ambulate by herself. Lithium levels were measured at 5.22 mEq/L and 0.66 mEq/L on the 1st and 4th day of treatment, respectively. This case illustrates the importance of educating patients and their relatives about the possible lithium toxicity caused by a strict diet.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Consciousness , Diet , Electrocardiography , Emergencies , Fluid Therapy , Heart , Heart Block , Critical Care , Lethargy , Lithium , Muscle Weakness , Psychotic DisordersABSTRACT
Lithium treatment has been associated with a wide range of cardiac complications. We observed a 53-year-old female patient who presented with complete heart block due to lithium toxicity. The patient had been diagnosed as schizoaffective disorder and had been taking a stable dose of lithium, 1,500 mg/day since January 2007. Recently, she begun a strict diet and experienced muscle weakness and lethargy a few days later. While receiving fluid therapy, she lost her consciousness and was transferred to an emergency medical center. An electrocardiogram revealed that she had complete heart block, so a temporary pacemaker was inserted immediately. After 4 days of intensive care, her heartbeat recovered spontaneously and the temporary pacemaker was removed. On the 11th day, she had sufficiently recovered and could ambulate by herself. Lithium levels were measured at 5.22 mEq/L and 0.66 mEq/L on the 1st and 4th day of treatment, respectively. This case illustrates the importance of educating patients and their relatives about the possible lithium toxicity caused by a strict diet.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Consciousness , Diet , Electrocardiography , Emergencies , Fluid Therapy , Heart , Heart Block , Critical Care , Lethargy , Lithium , Muscle Weakness , Psychotic DisordersABSTRACT
Many neurotransmitters other than dopamine, such as serotonin, glutamate, etc, have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The atypicality of new antipsychotics has been attributed to the relatively more potent 5-HT2A receptor antagonism compared to D2 receptor blocking action. However, dopamine still seems to be a cornerstone in terms of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and mode of action of antipsychotics. Therefore, we reviewed all the relevant papers about the dopamine hypotheses for schizophrenia and reclassified into 3categories: 1) Regional classification of dopamine hypothesis ; 2) Dopamine gating (filtering) hypothesis ; and 3) Time-course classification of dopamine hypotheis. How they are developed and the implications of each hypothesis will be described in detail. In the future, dopamine hypothesis at molecular or cellular levels will be investigated more extensively though its current status is very primitive.