Antitumor activity of lycorine in renal cell carcinoma ACHN cell line and its mechanism / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the antitumor effect of lycorine on renal cell carcinoma ACHN cells and explore the possible mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We used flow cytometry to examine the effect of lycorine on ACHN cell cycle and apoptosis. The cell proliferation, migration and invasion were assessed with MTS assay, wound healing assay, and Transwell assay, respectively. Colony forming assay was performed, and the mRNA and protein levels of Bax, Bcl-2, survivin, caspase-3, cyclin D1 and CDK4 were measured with qRT-PCR and Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Lycorine obviously inhibited the proliferation of ACHN cells with an IC(50) of 24.34 µmol/L. Lycorine also induced apoptosis of ACHN cells, caused cell cycle arrest at G(0)/G(1) phase, and suppressed the colony forming ability of the cells in a dose-dependent manner. The migration and invasion of ACHN cells were significantly inhibited by 5 µmol/L lycorine. Lycorine up-regulated the mRNA levels of CDK4, Bax, caspase-3 while down-regulated the levels of survivin, Bcl-2 and Cyclin D1; the protein levels of CDK4 and Bax were increased and cyclin D1, Bcl-2 and surviving expressions were decreased, but caspase-3 expression showed no significant changes following the treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Lycorine has obvious antitumor effect against ACHN cells, suggesting its value as a new therapeutic agent for renal cell carcinoma.</p>

Application of morcellator in transurethral bipolar plasmakinetic anatomical enucleation of the prostate / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the safety and therapeutic effect of morcellator in transurethral bipolar plasmakinetic anatomical enucleation (TUPKAEP) of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 47 patients with BPH receiving TUPKAEP between January and July, 2015 were analyzed. During the operation, morcellator was used to smash the enucleated BPH which was aspirated with subatmospheric pressure in 29 cases, and the tissue was smashed with bipolar electrosurgical loop slicing from top to bottom and aspirated by ellic suction in 18 cases.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>s The procedures were completed successfully in all the 47 cases. The time used for adenoma dissociation was 2.24∓1.09 with morcellator at the speed of 18.43∓6.01 g/min, and was 17.19∓11.74 min with bipolar electrosurgical loop at the speed of 1.91∓0.65 g/min; the mean total operation time was significantly shorter in morcellator group (28.13∓14.71 vs 43.22∓25.39 min). The 2 groups showed no significant difference in postoperative continuous bladder irrigation time, postoperative indwelling time of urinary catheter or postoperative hospital stay.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>s Morcellator is safe and feasible for application in TUPKAEP and helps to shorten the operation time.</p>

Early removal of the urethral catheter after transurethral plasma kinetic resection of the prostate in the treatment of BPH / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility and effect of early removal of the urethral catheter after transurethral plasma kinetic resection of the prostate (PKRP) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We equally randomized 128 BPH patients treated by PKRP to an experimental group and a control group, urethral catheters removed at 1 -2 days for the former and at 5 -7 days for the latter. We compared the relevant indexes and clinical effects between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The baseline data were not significantly different between the two groups. Compared with the controls, the experimental group showed a significantly shorter postoperative hospital stay ([6.8 +/- 1.9] d vs [3.7 +/- 1.5] d, P < 0.05) and lower infection rate (25.0% vs 10.9%, P < 0.05). All the patients were followed up for 3 -6 months postoperatively. At 3 months after surgery, both the experimental and the control groups showed remarkable improvement in the International Prostatic Symptoms Scores (4. 9 +/- 2. 2 vs 5. 3 +/- 2. 3), maximum urine flow rate ([21.5+/- 5.6 ] ml/s vs [19.1 +/-4.9 ] ml/s) , and residual urine ( [ 16.8+/- 10.3 ] ml vs [18.9 +/- 12.3 ] ml), but with no significant differences between the two (P > 0.05) , and no significant differences were observed in postoperative complications (P >0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Early removal of the urethral catheter after PKRP, with its advantages of shorter postoperative hospital stay, lower infection rate, and no influence on the long-term effect, deserves to be recommended as a routine method in the treatment of BPH.</p>

Single nucleotide polymorphisms and prostate cancer / 中华男科学杂志

Prostate cancer is a common malignancy that affects men's health in the Western countries. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), as the third generation of genetic markers, can influence the development, progression, and prognosis of prostate cancer. The same SNP may be related differently with prostate cancer among different races. This paper describes the relationship between SNPs and prostate cancer according to their related genes. SNPs can predict the risk of prostate cancer as well as the possible adverse reactions in its treatment, but at present they do have some limitations.

Transurethral bipolar plasmakinetic enucleation and resection versus transurethral bipolar plasmakinetic resection of the prostate for BPH: a randomized controlled trial on the incidence of postoperative urinary incontinence / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the incidence rates of postoperative urinary incontinence between transurethral bipolar plasmakinetic enucleation and resection of the prostate (PKERP) and transurethral bipolar plasmakinetic resection of the prostate (PKRP), and provide evidence for the clinical application of PKERP.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally, 180 BPH patients were equally and randomly assigned to undergo PKERP and PKRP, respectively. We measured the urinary incontinence of the patients by pad test at 24 hours after extubation and every week after surgery for 4 weeks. Meanwhile, we recorded and compared the PSA level, prostate volume, Qmax, residual urine, IPSS, QOL, and the results of pad test between the two groups before and after surgery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidence rates of urinary incontinence in the PKERP and PKRP groups were 35.56% and 18.89% (P < 0.01) at 24 hours after extubation, 20.00% and 7.78% at 1 week after surgery (P < 0.05), and 3.33% and 2.22% at 2 weeks. There was no significant difference in the severity of urinary incontinence between the two groups at any time point (P > 0.05). No permanent urinary incontinence was observed in either group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with PKRP, PKERP has a higher incidence rate of short-term urinary incontinence in the treatment of BPH, but not that of genuine incontinence, with similar severity and recovery time.</p>

Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery for male pseudohermaphroditism: the initial report / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the therapeutic effect of laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) for treatment of male pseudohermaphroditism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A 17-year-old patient with male pseudohermaphroditism and a female social sex was admitted. According to the request by the patient and the relatives for a female gender, LESS vaginoplasty and cryptorchidectomy were performed using a single multilumen port inserted through a 2.5 cm incision below the umbilicus, followed by reconstruction of the perineal region by open surgery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total operative time was 7 h, and the LESS procedure lasted for about 3.5 h. No other port incision was needed. The estimated intraoperative blood loss was 400 ml. No electrolyte or metabolic acid-base balance disorders were observed perioperatively. In the follow-up examination at 6 months after the operation, the reconstructed vagina healed smoothly without obvious contraction or fixation failure, and the perineal region showed good appearance.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>With minimal invasiveness, LESS surgery produces good cosmetic effect and allows rapid postoperative recovery, thus may become a promising alternative to the management of pseudohermaphroditism.</p>

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy through the upper pole calix access for complicated renal calculi: report of 581 cases / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the optimal approach of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for treatment of complicated renal calculi.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 581 patients with complicated renal calculus were treated by PCNL through the upper pole calix access. Of the 581 patients, 55 had multiple upper pole calculi, 136 had staghorn stones, 145 had partial staghorn stones, and 245 had multiple renal calculi.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PCNL through the upper pole calix access was completed successfully in all the cases. Of these patients, 90.3% (525/581) were stone-free after a single access, with a total stone-free rate of 94.6% (550/581). Thirty-five patients needed two accesses, 10 needed 3 accesses, 2 required 4 accesses, and 1 patients had 5 accesses. The operative time ranged from 30 to 150 min (mean 45 min). The successful rate of puncture was 100% without occurrence of severe injury of the pleura, intestine, peritoneum or other adjacent organs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Percutaneous nephrolithotomy through the upper pole calix access allows greater stone clearance rate due to its easy access into the intrarenal collecting system and can be an ideal approach for PCNL for complicated renal calculi.</p>

Transurethral enucleation of the prostate for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia in patients less than 50 years old / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the therapeutic effect of transurethral enucleation of the prostate for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia in patients below 50 years of age.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twelve patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia patients (mean age 48.2 years, range 46-49 years) underwent transurethral enucleation of the prostate. The middle lobe and two lateral lobes were enucleated with the preprosthetic sphincter and anterior fibromuscular stroma preserved during the operation. The patients were followed up to evaluate the lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual activity after the surgery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 12 patients were followed up for 3 to 6 months. The symptoms of lower urinary tract obstruction were improved obviously after the surgery, and the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) decreased from 24±5.1 to 8.8±1.4 and peak urine flow rate (Qmax) increased from 8.1±4.2 ml/s to 20.1±4.2 ml/s at 3 months postoperatively. All the 12 cases had residual urine (12-44 ml) preoperatively, but after the surgery, only 4 still had residual urine of less than 30 ml. All the patients had normal erection function postoperatively, and 10 had normal ejaculation; the other 2 patients recovered normal ejaculation 3 and 5 months after the operation, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Transurethral enucleation can alleviate the low urinary tract obstruction symptom and improve the sexual function by avoiding preprosthetic sphincter injury in relatively young patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.</p>

Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery radical cystectomy with orthotopic taenia myectomy sigmoid neobladder: initial report / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To report the first case and detailed techniques of laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) radical cystectomy with orthotopic taenia myectomy sigmoid neobladder for organ-confined bladder cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A 74-year-old man presented with gross hematuria for 2 months and biopsy revealed bladder cancer. LESS radical cystectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomies were performed using a single multilumen port inserted through a solitary 3.5 cm lower abdominal incision with conventional laparoscopic instruments. The taenia myectomy sigmoid pouch was then constructed by open procedure.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total operative time was 9.5 h, and the LESS procedure lasted for about 5.5 h. No other port incision was added. The final pathology revealed urothelial carcinoma. The estimated intraoperative blood loss was 600 ml with blood transfusion of 400 ml. The pelvic lymph nodes and the surgical margins of the ureters and urethra were all free of tumor invasion. No water electrolyte and metabolic acid-base balance disorders were observed perioperatively. The neobladder capacity was about 280 ml, with a residual urine volume of 10 ml and peak flow rate of 11.1 ml/s 3 months postoperatively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Although with a steep learning curve, LESS surgery can be a less invasive and promising alternative to muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma.</p>

Expression of special AT-rich sequence-binding protein in bladder urothelial carcinoma and its clinical significance / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the expression of special AT-rich sequence-binding protein (SATB1) in bladder urothelial carcinoma and investigate its correlation to the biological behavior of the carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of SATB1 mRNA was detected in 34 cases of bladder urothelial carcinoma and 14 normal bladder tissues by RT-PCR, and the protein expression of SATB1 was detected in 68 cases of bladder urothelial carcinoma and 17 normal bladder tissues by immunohistochemistry. The correlation between SATB1 expressions and the biological behavior of the tumor was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of SATB1 was significantly higher in bladder urothelial carcinoma tissues than in normal bladder tissues (P<0.05). and the expression of SATB1 in the tumor tissues was correlated to the clinical stage and metastasis of the tumor.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SATB1 expression can be associated with the development and metastasis of bladder urothelial carcinoma and may potentially serve as an indicator for predicting the prognosis of bladder urothelial carcinoma.</p>

Reversion transcriptional expression of DAPK in bladder cancer T24 cells 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the methylation status of the promoter of resion death associated protein kinase (DAPK) gene in bladder cancer cell (T24), and study the effect of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dc) on DAPK gene reactive expression in T24 and its inhibitory effect on T24.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The bladder cancer cell T24 was treated with different doses of 5-aza-dc. The inhibitory effect and apoptosis rate were detected by MTT and flow cytometry, and the changes of DAPK mRNA and protein expression and the methylation status of DAPK promoter were assessed by RT-PCR, Western blotting, and methylation specific PCR, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The growth of bladder cancer cell was inhibited significantly and the maximal apoptosis rate detected by flow cytometry was (24.12-/+1.4)%. DAPK mRNA was not expressed in bladder cancer cell T24 in normal conditions. DAPK mRNA and protein re-expressed after 5-aza-dc (12.5 micromol/L) treatment in cell line T24 for 24 h, and DAPK promoter became unmethylated.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The promoter methylation can be an important factor for silencing the expression of DAPK in bladder cancer cell. 5-aza-dc can inhibit the growth and induce apoptosis of bladder cancer cells through reversing unmethylation status of DAPK promoter.</p>

Preparation of whole-kidney acellular matrix in rats by perfusion / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prepare rat whole-kidney acellular matrix (ACM) scaffolds using fluid perfusion method.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The kidneys with ureters and renal vessels were harvested from 12-week-old Wistar rats. Intravenous catheters were inserted through the renal arteries to establish channels for whole-kidney retrograde perfusion successively with heparinized PBS, 1% SDS, deionized water, 1% TritonX-100 and antibiotic-containing PBS under a pressure of 100 cmH2O. After decellularization, the scaffolds were observed under microscope with HE staining, scanning electron microscope, and fluorescence microscope with DAPI fluorescence staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No cell residue was found in the scaffolds under microscope. Scanning electron microscope identified reticular structures consisting of basilar membrane and collagen without normal cellular structures in the scaffolds, and no strong fluorescence due to the binding of DAPI to the cell nuclei was observed under fluorescence microscope.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Fluid perfusion is simple and reliable to prepare rat whole-kidney acellular matrix, which may serve as an ideal cell-free scaffold.</p>

Laparoscopic radical cystectomy and detenial sigmoid colon orthotopic neobladder reconstruction for bladder tumor in a 3-year-old boy / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To present a case of laparoscopic radical cystectomy and detenial sigmoid colon orthotopic neobladder reconstruction for bladder tumor in a child.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A 3-year-old boy with bladder rhabdomyosarcoma underwent laparoscopic radical cystectomy and detenial sigmoid colon orthotopic neobladder reconstruction. The bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and cystectomy were performed laparoscopically, and removal of the mobilized specimens and urinary diversion operation were managed through enlarged abdomen incision. The urinary diversion procedure included construction of the detenial sigmoid pouch, bilateral stented antiflux implantation of the ureters in the pouch and orthotopic anastomosis of the neobladder with the urethra.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total operative time was 6 h, and the laparoscopic procedure lasted for about 3.5 h. The intraoperative blood loss was 50 ml, and 200 ml concentrated red blood cell transfusion was used for the safety of the patient. Six dissected lymph nodes in each pelvic side and the surgical margins of the ureter and urethra were all free of tumor invasion. Bowel peristalsis recovered 3 days after the operation, and the pelvic drainage and the neobladder drainage tubes were removed on day 7 and 14, respectively. The urethral catheter and ureteral stents were removed 25 days after the operation. The daytime urine control and micturition recovered 1 week after the operation. The neobladder capacity was about 110 ml, with residual urine volume of 10 ml and peak flow rate of 12 ml/s after 5 months. No perioperative complications occurred such as water-electrolyte and metabolic acid-base balance disorders, urinary leakage, reflux or bowel obstruction.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Laparoscopic radical cystectomy is minimally invasive, reduces intraoperative blood loss and allows rapid postoperative recovery, and can be a promising approach to management of bladder rhabdomyosarcoma in children.</p>

Cytocompatibility of silk fibroin film with rabbit urinary bladder transitional epithelial cells in vitro / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To obtain large quantities of well differentiated urinary bladder transitional epithelial cells for used as the seed cells in bladder tissue engineering, and evaluate the cytocompatibility of silk fibroin film with the transitional cells in vitro to assess the possibility of tissue-engineered urinary organ construction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The urinary bladder transitional epithelial cells were isolated from the bladders of New Zealand rabbits and cultured in vitro as the seed cells, whose morphology was observed and the specific protein (cytokeratin) expression identified by immunofluorescence assay. The cells were seeded in 96-well plates at 1 x 10(>4)/ml and incubated with silk fibroin film leaching solution or culture medium (negative control). MTT assay was performed to determine the cell proliferation rates of the wells and evaluate the cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility of the silk fibroin film.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The isolated urinary bladder transitional epithelial cells reached confluence after 9-10 days of culture, which showed positive staining for immunocytochemistry with monoclonal antibody against cytokeratin. The absorbance of the cells culture in the presence of silk fibroin film leaching solution averaged 0.424-/+0.020, 0.996-/+0.118 and 1.285-/+0.048 after at 24, 72 and 120 h of cell culture, and that of the negative control group at the time points was 0.419-/+0.030, 1.105-/+0.098 and 1.228-/+0.052, respectively, showing no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Silk fibroin film has good cytocompatibility with rabbit urinary bladder transitional epithelial cells, and may serve as good scaffold material for urologic tissue engineering.</p>

Application of silk fibroin film for repairing rabbit urethral defect / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of silk fibroin film for repairing urethral defect in rabbits.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four male New Zealand rabbits were randomized into experimental group, control group I and control group II. In the experimental group, a urethral defect of 1.5 cm was induced in the 12 rabbits and repaired with silk fibroin film. The 6 rabbits in control group I without the surgically induced defect served as the sham operation group, and in control group II consisting of 6 rabbits the urethral defect of 1.5 cm was induced without repair. Histological observation and immunohistochemistry were conducted to examine the regenerative segments of the urethra at regular time points between 2 and 16 weeks postoperatively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 12 rabbits in the experimental group did not show signs of urethral stricture following the surgery. The implanted silk fibroin film for defect repair was degraded completely at 16 weeks and the defect was repaired with smooth urethral mucous membrane lining and orderly arranged smooth muscle cells. Immunohistochemistry identified the cells lining the defect area as the urethral epithelial cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Silk fibroin film can promote the repair of urethral defect by inducing the growth of the urethral epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells.</p>

Development of Chinese Version of QLQ-STO22 / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objectives:To translate the English version of Quality of Life Questionnaire of Stomach 22 into Chinese,and to test the reliability and validity of the Chinese Version of QLQ-STO22.Methods:From 1st June to 31st December,2003,140 patients with gastric cancer were sampled as study participants in three hospitals using cluster sampling method.All participants were interviewed with QLQ-STO22 Chinese version by the investigators who were trained in advance.Results:Nearly all ICCs of scales of STO22 were above 0.75;the split-half reliability coefficient is 0.78 and the Cronbach'a coefficient is 0.80.These results proved that the questionnaires had good test-retest reliability,split-half reliability and internal consistency.Three common factors were extracted by factor analysis,which ccould account for more than 60% of total variance and factor loads of the three common factors were above 0.5 in related items.Conclusion:QLQ-STO22 has good reliability and validity,which is available for the study of life quality among Chinese gastric cancer patients.