ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the effects of a ketogenic diet (KD) alone and in combination with resistance training (KD+RT) on body composition and glucolipid metabolism of obese and female college students, and to provide a theoretical basis for the application of KD+RT in obese patients.@*Methods@#Totally 45 obese and female college students in Wuyi University were recruited and randomly divided into KD group ( n =23) and KD+RT group ( n =22) in September 2021. After received training for 4 weeks, the changes of body composition and glucose and lipid metabolism of obese and female college students were compared before and after intervention.@*Results@#Both a 4 week KD and KD+RT led to decreases in weight, BMI, body fat mass, body fat percentage, waist to hip ratio, visceral fat area of obese female college students ( t =16.19, 16.21, 12.42, 7.99, 2.10, 6.37; 18.82, 18.02, 17.80, 10.72, 3.41, 7.59, P <0.01). The change of muscle mass was decreased in KD group( t=4.12, P <0.01), but there was no statistically significant difference in KD+RT group( P >0.05). Both a 4 week KD and KD+RT significantly reduced the levels of the fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin and triglyceride (TG) of obese female college students ( t =10.15, 8.94 , 6.94, 7.63; 9.23, 12.75, 9.85, 9.09, P <0.01), and increased the high density lipoprotein (HDL) level( t =-7.36, -5.22, P <0.01). However, only KD+RT group had a significant decrease in the level of LDL ( t =5.27, P <0.01), and there was no significant change in the level of TC both groups ( P >0.05). After the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference between the KD+RT group compared to the KD group ( P >0.05), except for a significant decrease in triacylglycerol ( t =2.51, P < 0.05 ).@*Conclusion@#Both a short term KD and KD+RT show beneficial changes in body composition and glucolipid metabolism in obese female college students. However, the KD+RT is superior to a KD in maintaining muscle mass and reducing the effects of lipid metabolism.
ABSTRACT
AIM: To investigate the expression and significance of MAPK-interacting kinase-2 ( Mnk2 ) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E ( eIF4E) in the patients with resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ( ESCC ). METHODS:The protein expression of Mnk2 and eIF4E in ESCC tissues (98 cases) and normal esophageal tissues (20 cases) were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and their correlations with clinicopathological features were statisti-cally analyzed.RESULTS:The over-expression rate of Mnk2 and eIF4E was 68.4%(67/98) and 61.2%(60/98), re-spectively.The expression of Mnk2 had a positive correlation with eIF4E (P<0.05).Clinicopathologic analysis showed that Mnk2 expression was significantly correlated with T classification ( P<0.05 ) and clinical stage ( P<0.05 ) .CON-CLUSION:The over-expression of Mnk2 was significantly related to the tumor invasive depth , TNM stages and expression of eIF4E in ESCC.Expression of Mnk2 and eIF4E may have a cooperative formation mechanism in the development of ESCC.
ABSTRACT
AIM: To investigate the effect of ischemic preconditioning (IP) on myocardial Bcl-2 expression and mitochondrial structure during heart valve replacement surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS: Fifty-four patients were prospectively randomized to receive or not ischemic preconditioning (IP) before cold cardioplegic arrest. Ischemic preconditioning in the IP patients (n=22) was induced by a single 2-min ischemia followed by 3-min reperfusion just before aortic clamping and cold crystalloid cardioplegia for myocardial protection. The control group (n=32) received no ischemic preconditioning before cold cardioplegic arrest. The levels of ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening(FS) and stroke volume (SV) in both groups were measured and compared. troponin T (c-TnT) level, Bcl-2 protein expression and microscopic changes of myocardial mitochondrial structure were recorded for each group before and after surgery. RESULTS: The level of EF, FS and SV in IP group was higher than those in control group (P<0.05). No significant difference in preoperative c-TnT levels between two groups was observed. The level of c-TnT in IP group was lower than that in control group and with a declining trend over time of 6 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 5 d after surgery, respectively. The preoperative positive unit of Bcl-2 expression between two groups showed no statistical difference (P> 0.05). Postoperatively, the positive unit of Bcl-2 expression in IP group was 19.85±5.88, significantly increased as compared to the preoperative value (P<0.05). In control group, the positive unit of Bcl-2 expression was 14.17±3.39, showed no statistically significant difference to the preoperative value (P>0.05). Postoperative Bcl-2 expression between two groups showed a significant difference (P<0.05). In the control group, microscopic observation revealed swollen mitochondrion, with a hardly visible or disrupted membrane for some mitochondrion;mitochondrial crista were obviously dissolved and loose with a large number of vacuoles formation. However in IP group, myocardial mitochondrion appeared with intact membrane, concentrated mitochondrial cristae with high electron density and no vacuoles formation was observed. CONCLUSION: IP may up-regulate the expression of myocardial anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 to protect the mitochondrion, thus protecting cardiocytes and cardiac functions.