Changes of corneal nerve fiber and the correlation analysis with visual acuity in demyelinating optical neuritis patients / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective:To investigate the changes in the nerve fiber layer of the cornea in patients with demyelinating optic neuritis (DON) and its correlation with visual acuity.Methods:A cross-sectional study. From March 2021 to July 2022, 27 cases (39 eyes) of DON patients diagnosed in the Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology of Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University were enrolled in this study. According to the serological test results, the patients were divided into aquaporin 4 antibody associated optic neuritis (AQP4-ON group) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated optic neuritis (MOG-ON group), with 15 cases (19 eyes) and 12 cases (20 eyes) respectively. According to previous history of glucocorticoid treatment, the patients were divided into glucocorticoid treated group and non-glucocorticoid treated group, with 17 cases (27 eyes) and 10 cases (12 eyes) respectively. Twenty healthy volunteers (20 eyes) with age- and gender-matched were selected as the control group. All eyes underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) examinations. BCVA was performed using Snellen's standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, which was converted into logarithmic minimum angle resolution (logMAR) visual acuity during statistics. The corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL), corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), corneal nerve fiber branch length (CNBL), corneal nerve fiber branch density (CNBD) and the density of corneal dendritic cells (DC) were detected by IVCM examination. Parameter comparison between groups by t-test and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test. The correlation between logMAR BCVA and pamameters of corneal nerve fibers were analyzed using Spearman analysis. Results:The CNFL, CNFD, and CNBL of the DON group and the control group were (10.67±2.55) mm/mm 2, (57.78±12.35) root/mm 2, (3.27±1.34) mm/mm 2, and (13.74±3.05) mm/mm 2, (70.95±13.14) root/mm 2, and (4.22±1.03) mm/mm 2, respectively; the difference in CNFL, CNFD, and CNBL between the two groups were statistically significant ( t=4.089, 3.795, 2.773; P<0.05). The CNFL, CNBL, and CNBD of the affected eyes in the MOG-ON group and AQP4-ON group were (12.02±2.13) mm/mm 2, (3.80±1.19) mm/mm 2, (47.97±8.86) fibers/mm 2, and (9.25±2.19) mm/mm 2, (2.72±1.19) mm/mm 2, (39.43±13.86) fibers/mm 2, respectively; the differences in CNFL, CNBL, and CNBD between the two groups were statistically significant ( t=-4.002, -2.706, -2.306; P<0.05). The corneal DC density of the patients in the hormone treated group and the non-hormone treated group was (24.43±8.32) and (41.22±9.86) cells/mm 2, respectively. The difference in corneal DC density between the two subgroups was statistically significant ( P<0.001). Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between logMAR BCVA and CNBL and CNFL in patients with DON ( r=-0.422, -0.456; P<0.05). Conclusions:There are different degrees of corneal nerve fiber damage in patients with different types of DON. There was a negative correlation between BCVA and the length of corneal nerve fibers.

Protective effects of histone deacetylase 6 specific inhibitor tubastatin A on subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats and the underlying mechanisms / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a serious cerebrovascular disease. Early brain injury (EBI) and cerebral vasospasm are the main reasons for poor prognosis of SAH patients. The specific inhibitor of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), tubastatin A (TubA), has been proved to have a definite neuroprotective effect on a variety of animal models of acute and chronic central nervous system diseases. However, the neuroprotective effect of TubA on SAH remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the expression and localization of HDAC6 in the early stage of SAH, and to evaluate the protective effects of TubA on EBI and cerebral vasospasm after SAH and the underlying mechanisms.@*METHODS@#Adult male SD rats were treated with modified internal carotid artery puncture to establish SAH model. In the first part of the experiment, rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: a sham group, a SAH-3 h group, a SAH-6 h group, a SAH-12 h group, a SAH-24 h group, and a SAH-48 h group. At 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after SAH modeling, the injured cerebral cortex of rats in each group was taken for Western blotting to detect the expression of HDAC6. In addition, the distribution of HDAC6 in the cerebral cortex of the injured side was measured by immunofluorescence double staining in SAH-24 h group rats. In the second part, rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: a sham group, a SAH group, a SAH+TubAL group (giving 25 mg/kg TubA), and a SAH+TubAH group (giving 40 mg/kg TubA). At 24 h after modeling, the injured cerebral cortex tissue was taken for Western blotting to detect the expression levels of HDAC6, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining to detect apoptosis, and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining to detect the diameter of middle cerebral artery.@*RESULTS@#The protein expression of HDAC6 began to increase at 6 h after SAH (P<0.05), peaked at 24 h (P<0.001), and decreased at 48 h, but there was still a difference compared with the sham group (P<0.05). HDAC6 is mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of the neurons. Compared with the sham group, the neurological score was decreased significantly and brain water content was increased significantly in the SAH group (both P<0.01). Compared with the SAH group, the neurological score was increased significantly and brain water content was decreased significantly in the SAH+TubAH group (both P<0.05), while the improvement of the above indexes was not significant in the SAH+TubAL group (both P>0.05). Compared with the sham group, the expression of eNOS was significantly decreased (P<0.01) and the expressions of iNOS and HDAC6 were significantly increased (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively) in the SAH group. Compared with the SAH group, the expression of eNOS was significantly increased, and iNOS and HDAC6 were significantly decreased in the SAH+TubA group (all P<0.05). Compared with the SAH group, the number of TUNEL positive cells was significantly decreased and the diameter of middle cerebral artery was significantly increased in the SAH+TubA group (both P<0.05) .@*CONCLUSIONS@#HDAC6 is mainly expressed in neurons and is up-regulated in the cerebral cortex at the early stage of SAH. TubA has protective effects on EBI and cerebral vasospasm in SAH rats by reducing brain edema and cell apoptosis in the early stage of SAH. In addition, its effect of reducing cerebral vasospasm may be related to regulating the expression of eNOS and iNOS.

Psychological experience of falling in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction after PCI: a qualitative study / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the fall-related psychological experience of elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods:A descriptive research method was used. A total of 15 elderly patients with AMI who received PCI in Hefei Second People′s Hospital from April 2021 to July 2021 were selected by the maximum difference sampling method for semi-structured interview. Colaizzi seven-step analysis method was used to analyze the data.Results:The fall-related psychological experience of elderly AMI patients after PCI could be divided into three themes: abnormal perception of fall risk (insufficient perception of fall risk, enhanced perception of fall risk); negative emotional distress of falling (fear of falling, foreboding sadness of falling outcome); the need for a safe home environment and a supportive monitoring system (need a safe home environment, rely on family/health care staff for support and supervision, lack of self-management information on falling prevention at home).Conclusions:Elderly patients with AMI have abnormal perception of risk of fall after PCI, and have negative emotions such as fear and sadness for postoperative fall. There is a certain demand for environmental safety and fall prevention support and supervision system in home cardiac rehabilitation. Nursing staff should formulate personalized early warning and intervention measures for them, pay attention to the psychological needs of patients, promote the role adaptation of patients, and provide continuous health services to prevent falls at home.

Multimodal imaging characteristics of fundus in patients with sympathetic ophthalmia / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective:To observe and analyze the multimodal imaging characteristics of fundus in patients with sympathetic ophthalmia (SO).Methods:A retrospective study. From October 2012 to December 2021, 28 patients (36 eyes) diagnosed SO in the Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital were inclued in the study. There were 19 males (25 eyes) and 9 females (11 eyes), with the mean age of 51.61±12.02 years. There were 8 exciting eyes and 28 sympathizing eyes. The time to onset after trauma or surgery was 46.10±107.98 months. All patients underwent examinations including vision test, color fundus photograph, optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus fluorescence angiography (FFA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). Angio-OCT (OCTA) was performed on 3 eyes and fundus autofluorescence (AF) was performed on 8 eyes. The early and late phase were defined respectively as ≤2 months and >2 months. Their multimodal imaging characteristics were summarized.Results:In 8 exciting eyes, subretinal fibrosis with mutifocal retinal atrophy and pigmentation was noted in 5 eyes (62.50%, 5/8), the other 3 eyes showed sunset glow fundus (37.50%, 3/8). In 28 sympathizing eyes, in the early phase, the fundus photograph showed shallow retinal detachment with optic disc edema in 9 eyes (32.14%, 9/28); in the late phase, peripapillary yellowish-white subretinal lesions in 11 eyes (39.29%, 11/28). In the late course of the disease, there were yellow-white lesions around the optic disc (peridisc) and peripheral subretinal area in 11 eyes (39.29%, 11/28). Dalen-Fuchs nodules were found in 10 eyes (35.71%, 10/28). On OCT, multiple serous retinal detachment and irregular choroidal folds were noted in the early phase; hill-like subretinal hyperreflective elevation was noted in peripapillary area and subfovea with presence of cystic spaces in the intraretina in the late phase. FFA examination showed"pinpoint-like" strong fluorescence in the early stage, and "multi-lake-like" fluorescein accumulation and leakage in the late stage; "map-like" weak fluorescence around the disc in the early stage of the disease, dot-like strong fluorescence lesions in each quadrant of the peripheral retina, and fluorescence in the late stage of the disease course. enhanced. ICGA examination showed that the FFA strong fluorescence lesions in the middle and late stages were weak fluorescence. FAF examination, point-like strong and weak autofluorescence lesions with unclear boundaries. Nine sympathizing eyes with subretinal yellow-white lesions has vision without light-0.1 (significantly decreased vison), while 8 eyes with sunset glow fundus was 0.5-1.0 (mildly decreased vison).Conclusions:SO could not only show the semblable features of acute phases of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, but also the yellowish-white lesions in the peripapillary area, macula and periphery. Most of the eyes with peripapillary lesions has a significantly decreased vison, while the eyes with sunset glow fundus has a mildly decreased vison.

Cohort study of genotype and clinical phenotype in 34 families with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective:To observe and analyze the genotype and clinical phenotype in 34 families of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy associated with (FEVR) gene variation.Methods:Cohort study. Thirty-four FEVR families, in which the patients and both of their parents were all found to have FEVR-related gene mutations (proband 34 cases, 67 eyes; parents 68 cases, 136 eyes), were included in the study. These patients were identifIed from 722 FEVR patients through genetic screening, which diagnosed in Department of Ophtalmology of Xinhua Hospital and Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital from January 2010 to December 2018. The probands and their parents underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological examination appropriate to their age, including BCVA, intraocular pressure, axial length, slit lamp examination, indirect ophthalmoscopy, FFA or color fundus photography or wide field color fundus photography. According to the severity of the disease, the clinical manifestations were divided into severe phenotype and mild phenotype. Thirty-four normal healthy people over 40 years old were included as the control group. The peripheral blood samples of FEVR family members and control group members were collected, and the genes known to be involved in FEVR, such as FZD4, LRP5, NDP, TSPAN12, ZNF408 and KIF11, were analyzed by next generation sequencing molecular genetics. The data were statistically analyzed by SPSS. The counting data was expressed in numbers or rates, and tested by Kruskal-Wallis test and χ2 test to find out the existence of significant difference. Results:In 67 eyes of the 34 probands, 48 eyes (71.64%) were classified into severe phenotype and 19 eyes (28.36%) were mild phenotype. In 136 eyes of 68 parents of the proband patients, 76 eyes (55.88%) were normal, 60 eyes (44.12%) were classified into mild phenotype, and no severe phenotype was found. A total of 65 variants of FEVR-related genes were detected in the 34 probands, of which LRP5 mutation was the most common (64.61 %), followed by FZD4 (12.31%), NDP (10.77%), TSPAN12 (6.15%), ZNF408 (4.62%) and KIF11 (1.54%). Missense mutations were the most common variant in FEVR-related genes. However, the results of correlation analysis indicated that there was no significant correlation between the type of mutation and the severity of clinical phenotype ( H=1.775, P=0.620). Among the 65 mutation types, 21 types have been previously identified and 44 were novel in this study. Thirty-nine eyes of 20 cases had only one single pathogenic mutation gene but with multiple mutation sites, 26 eyes of 13 cases carried 2 relevant pathogenic mutation genes, and 2 eyes in one case had 3 pathogenic mutation genes. The mutation frequencies of LRP5, NDP, ZNF408, FZD4, TSPAN12 and KIF11 genes in probands were significantly higher than those in control group, and the difference was statistically significant. The total mutation frequencies of LRP5, NDP, ZNF408, FZD4, TSPAN12 and KIF11 genes in proband group were significantly higher than those in control group ( χ2=64.702, P <0.001). Conclusions:In the FEVR families, the most frequent mutations were those in LRP5, followed by FZD4, NDP, TSPAN12,ZNF408 and KIF11. Missense mutation is the most common type of FEVR-related gene mutation, but there is no significant correlation between the clinical phenotype and gene variation type. Most of the probands were with severe clinical phenotype, while most of the parents with FEVR pathogenic gene mutation showed normal or mild manifestations.

The recognition of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy based on the pachychoroid spectrum disease / 中华眼底病杂志

The fundus appearance of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) often demonstrates orange-red nodular lesions.ICGA reveals terminal dilation of the polyps with or without branching vascular networks.Currently,pachychoroid spectrum disease is a series of conditions included choroidal vasodilatation and increased permeability due to choroidal ischemia,choroidal thickening,retinal pigment epitheliopathy,and secondary pigment epithelial detachment,choroidal neovascularization and polyps included uncomplicated pachychoroid,pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy,pachychoroid neovascularization,central serous chorioretinopathy,and PCV.These entities have the similar characteristics and prognosis,suggesting that they have the similar pathology.The recognition of PCV based on the pachychoroid spectrum disease can provide new ideas for the prevention and intervention of PCV.

Diversity of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy / 中华眼底病杂志

Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a hereditary retinal vascular dysplasia. So far, 6 genes have been found to be associated with FEVR: Wnt receptor Frizzled Protein 4, Norrie's disease, co-receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5, tetraspanin 12, zinc finger protein 408, and kinesin family members 11 genes. Its clinical manifestations, pathological processes and genetic patterns are diverse, and it shows the relationship between gene polymorphism and clinical manifestation diversity. It is characterized by different symptoms between the same individual, the same family, and the same gene mutation; different clinical stages and gene mutation types of parents or unilateral genetic children; different clinical characteristics and gene mutation patterns of full-term and premature infant; combined with other eye disease and systemic diseases;double gene mutations and single gene mutations have different clinical manifestations and gene mutation characteristics. A comprehensive understanding of the different clinical manifestations and diverse genetics of FEVR can provide better guidance for the treatment of FEVR.

The surgical outcome of the modified transconjunctival technique for minimal segmental buckling on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective To observe the surgical outcome of the modified transconjunctival technique for minimal segmental buckling on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).Methods This is a retrospective case series.Seventy-six patients (78 eyes) with uncomplicated RRD who underwent the modified transconjunctival technique for minimal segmental buckling were enrolled in this study.There were 41 male (42 eyes) and 35 female (36 eyes).The average age was (33.9± 15.6) years.Best corrected vision acuity (BCVA),fundus examination with three-mirrors lens,ocular B ultrasound,optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed in all patients.BCVA was examined through Standard logarithmic visual acuity chart and transferred to logMAR vision for statistical analysis.The logMAR BCVA was 0.88± 0.88.The technique was successfully performed in all 78 eyes.After transconjunctival location of the retinal break was made,a 5 to 6 mm radial conjunctival incision was performed corresponding to the retinal break without cutting the limbal conjunctiva-Tenon's capsule.After cryopexy,a minimal explant was fixed with one to two sutures through the conjunctival opening,expanded by a pediatric speculum.BCVA,intraocular pressure,tear film stability,conjunctival recovery and retinal reattachment were collected 1 week,1 month,3 months,6 months after surgery.Results One week after surgery,retinal reattachments were achieved in 77 of 78 (98.7％) eyes and 1 eye (1.3％) received vitrectomy.Compared before surgery,the logMAR BCVA improved to 0.44± 0.41,with significant difference (t=3.092,P＜0.01).Conjunctival incision tear occurred in 1 eye.Subretinal hemorrhage occurred in 5 eyes during subretinal fluid drainage procedure.Subretinal hemorrhage occurred in 5 eyes during subretinal fluid drainage procedure.Hemorrhage was absorbed in 2 of the 5 eyes at 3 months after surgery and absorbed in all 5 eyes at 6 months after surgery.Subretinal fluid occurred in 10 eyes at 1 week after surgery and be absorbed completely at 6 months after surgery.Tear film stability improved to preoperative lever at 1 week after surgery.Less change in corneal and conjunctival sensitivity was observed in all eyes.No other surgical complications were observed within the follow-up period,such as scleral perforation,explant extrusion,diplopia or infection.Conclusions The modified transconjunctival technique for minimal segmental buckling minimizes the damage to conjunctiva without reducing the retinal reattachment rate.It can effectively treat uncomplicated RRD with preserving an intact limbal conjunctiva and rapid tear film stability recovery.

Clinical observation and gene mutation detection in a pedigree of retinal lattice degeneration combined with granular corneal dystrophy / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations and gene mutation of a pedigree with retinal lattice degeneration and granular corneal dystrophy (GCD) type 2.Methods Ten members in 3 generations of a pedigree with retinal lattice degeneration and GCD2 were included in the study, including 6 patients (3 males and 3 females) and 4 healthy family members. All members underwent visual acuity, slit lamp microscope, three-mirror lens, fundus color photography, optical coherence tomography, and corneal endothelial cells counting. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral venous blood (2 ml) from all the subjects and their spouses, who had no related inherited diseases. The next generation sequencing method was used to detect the mutation sites of transforming growth factor β (TGFBI), and all results underwent Sanger verification.Results Among the 12 eyes of 6 patients, the visual acuity was FC/20 cm-1.0. In the superficial central corneal stroma, snowflake-like deposits were observed in three cases (6 eyes), and a small amount of granular deposits were observed in three cases (6 eyes). Corneal endothelial cell counts were normal. Retinal lattice degeneration were observed in 3 cases, 6 eyes (including 3 cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in 4 eyes); retinal thinning without obvious lattice degeneration in 4 eyes of 2 patients. Nystagmus in 1 patient and fundus examination showed no significant abnormalities. DNA sequencing results showed that the proband and 4 patients had missense mutation of TGFBI gene in exon 4 c.371G> A, the mutation site corresponding to the amino acid change encoded by TGFBI gene No. 124 Amino acids, from arginine to histidine (p.R124H). Patients with this mutation have varying degrees of clinical phenotype.Conclusions The mutation of c.701G> A (p.R124H) in TGFBI gene is the causative gene of GCD in this pedigree. The patients with this mutation have different clinical phenotypes.

Effects of two different warming patterns on body temperature changes in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To observe the effects of two different warming patterns on body temperature changes in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. Methods A total of 60 patients undergoing orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,with 30 cases in each group.In the observation group,the warming blanket was set at 38℃ in an intermittent warming pattern, i.e. every 1 hour heating period was followed by a 40 min interval.In the control group,the warming blanket was set at 38℃in a continuous warming pattern.Anal temperature was continuously monitored during operation to compare the preventive effects of the two warming patterns on hypothermia. Results Anal temperature changes were recorded at 8 time points including pre-anesthesia, the beginning of operation, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min and 120 min after the beginning of operation, completion of operation (after skin closure) and recovery of consciousness. The observation group were(36.68±0.34)℃,(36.69±0.41)℃,(36.60±0.37)℃,(36.54±0.40 )℃,(36.53± 0.49) ℃, (36.50 ± 0.58) ℃, (36.49 ± 0.61) ℃, (36.53 ± 0.52) ℃, the control group were (36.76 ± 0.43) ℃, (36.64±0.40)℃,(36.50±0.39)℃,(36.45±0.41)℃,(36.51±0.52)℃,(36.65±0.42)℃,(36.65±0.44)℃, (36.69±0.44)℃.There were no statistical differences in anal temperature at all time points between the two groups (t=-1.332~1.083, P>0.05). In addition, the comparison of post-operation shivering, skin injury,recovery time of consciousness post-anesthesia,the observation group were,16.67%(5/30),0(0/30), (10.13±6.51)min,the control group were,10.00%(3/30),10.00%(3/30),(10.07±7.49)min,there were not significantly difference between two groups(P>0.05).However,the incidence of sweating during operation in the control group was higher than that of the observation group (χ2=4.286, P<0.05), the observation group was 0(0/30),the control group was 13.33%(4/30). Conclusions Application of warming blanket in an intermittent warming pattern showed a similar preventive effect on hypothermia as the continuous warming pattern in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. Moreover, intermittent warming reduced the incidences of sweating and skin injury during operation,reduce health care costs.

The expression of MiR-34a/c in lesions of psoriasis vulgaris Uyghur and Han patients in XinJiang / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the expression differences of MiR-34a/c in lesions of psoriasis vulgaris Uyghur and Han patients and beside-lesional tissue and normal skin tissue in XinJiang.Methods Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine the expression levels of MiR-34a/c in the psoriasis vulgaris Uyghur and Han patients with lesion tissues, beside-lesion tissues, and normal skin tissues, respectively.Results The expression level of MiR-34a was higher in lesions of psoriasis vulgaris in XinJiang than in the beside-lesion tissues and normal skin tissues, and differences were statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).However, the expression level of MiR-34a in beside-lesion tissues and normal skin tissues, and in the Uyghur and Han psoriasis vulgaris werent statistically significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The expression level of MiR-34c in three types of tissues and in the Uyghur and Han psoriasis vulgaris weren't statistically significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions MiR-34a might participate in the pathogenesis of Uyghur and Han psoriasis vulgaris in XinJiang.

Gender related metabonomic analysis of serum and urine samples from Xinjiang healthy Han subjects with magnetic resonance / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate gender variability in the metabolic serum and urinary profile of healthy Han population in Xinjiang.@*METHODS@#Serum and urinary samples from 92 healthy Han people in Xinjiang were tested by magnetic resonance based metabonomics and pattern recognition analysis performed with orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The quality of the model was described by parameter R(2)X, R(2)Y, and Q(2).@*RESULTS@#The serum in males had higher levels of very low density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, unsaturated lipids, creatinine and acetone than in females, whereas females had higher levels of citrate, choline, glucose and amino acids (including isoleucine, leucine, valine, alanine, citrulline, lysine, methionine, glutamate, phenylalanine, threonine, tyrosine, 1-methyl histidine and glycine) than in males. The urine of males had higher levels of formate, malonic acid, taurine, creatinine than that of females, while females had higher levels of hippurate, γ-aminobutyric acid, succinate, citrate and glutamate than males. The model parameters of serum were R(2)X=0.64, R(2)Y=0.70, and Q(2)=0.67, and those of urine were R(2)X=0.17, R(2)Y=0.70, and Q(2)=0.44.@*CONCLUSION@#The blood and urine from Han population in Xinjiang contain a variety of gender related metabolites, which plays an important role in the research of clinical metabonomics.

Inhibitory effect of endostar in combination with radiotherapy in a mouse model of human CNE2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The inhibitory effects of Endostar in combination with radiotherapy in BALB/c nude mice model of human CNE2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma and the mechanism were investigated. In nude mice model of CNE2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the inhibitory rate and the sensitizing enhancement ratio (E/O) were calculated according to the tumor volumes in different groups. The expression of microvascular density (MVD) in tumor tissues was examined by using immunohistochemistry staining. The transcription of VEGF gene was detected by using RT-PCR. The inhibitory rate in Endostar+ radiotherapy group was higher than in other groups. In Endostar+radiotherapy group, the tumor volume was significantly decreased and the E/O ratio was 2.335, suggesting that Endostar could be a radiosensitizer. The expression of MVD of tumor tissues in Endostar+radiotherapy group was reduced significantly. The expression of the MVD in treatment groups was significantly different from that in control group (P<0.05). Compared to other groups, VEGF mRNA expression in Endostar+radiotherapy group was decreased remarkably. Endostar in combination with radiotherapy significantly inhibited the growth of CNE2 tumor. The combination therapy decreased the expression of VEGF, and inhibited tumor angiogenesis and proliferation. When combined with radiotherapy, Endostar acted as a radiosensitizer.

Metabonomic analysis of rat urine 1H magnetic resonance spectra based on different normalization methods / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Objective To study metabonomics in the urine of rats of different genders by magnetic resonance (MR) with 2 normalization methods. Methods Different normalization methods such as mean-centering not scaling (Ctr) and unit variance scaling (UV) were used before orthogonal to partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA). Distinguished metabolites in the urine of different gender rats were analyzed by calculating the correlation coefficients. Results The data normalized by Ctr before OPLS-DA analysis revealed high degree conception metabolites in the urine such as valine, alanine, acetate, ornithine, aminohippurate, phenylethylamine, cytosine, citrate, dimethylamine, allantoin, methylamine, fumarate and one unknown metabolite whose chemical shift was δ4.14. Data normalized by UV before OPLS-DA analysis revealed the above 12 high degree conception metabolites except citrate, and also low degree conception metabolites such as thiamine, creatinine, formate and one unknown metabolite whose chemical shift was δ2.92.Conclusion Unit variance scaling is a more effective normalization method in metabonomic analysis.