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@#<b>Objective</b> To analyze the monitoring results of external exposure dose of interventional radiology staff in a tertiary general hospital in Beijing, China, 2018—2020, and to provide a basis for safe guarding staff health and hospital radiation protection management. <b>Methods</b> A total of 321 interventional radiology staff in a hospital in Beijing were selected to collect information on the types of interventional work, positions, and personal dose monitoring results in 2018—2020. The dose monitoring results were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. <b>Results</b> The effective monitoring rate for the three years was 78.82%, 81.65%, and 96.85%, respectively, showing an increasing trend (<i>χ</i><sup>2</sup><sub> trend</sub> = 16.134, <i>P</i> < 0.001). The annual dose equivalent per capita was 0.142, 0.142, and 0.265 mSv, respectively. The annual dose equivalent per capita in 2020 was significantly higher than those in 2018 (<i>H</i> = 24.562, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and 2019 (<i>H</i> = 39.378, <i>P</i> < 0.001). The annual dose equivalent per capita in 2020 was in the order of interventional clinician > interventional nurse > technician (<i>H</i> = 10.699, 6.562, <i>P</i> < 0.01). The annual dose equivalent per capitain 2020 was higher in the cardiology interventional department than in the comprehensive interventional, neuro interventional, and vascular surgery departments (<i>H</i> = 35.530, 37.614, 35.496, <i>P</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusion</b> The number of interventional radiology staff monitored from 2018 to 2020 increased year by year, so did the effective monitoring rate.The external exposure dose was at low levels, which generally meets the requirements of national occupational exposure limits. Training on radiation protection for interventional radiology staff should be further strengthened to raise awareness of radiation protection.
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Objective To investigate the direct economic loss of nosocomial infection at a tertiary hospital, so as to provide data support for the improvement of hospital infection control. Methods Inpatients discharged in 2013-2015 period were divided into two groups at a 1:1 pairing ratio, having those suffering from nosocomial infection in only one occasion as the infection group, and those without as the non-infection group. The two groups were compared of their differences in days of stay and hospitalization expenses. Results The days of stay of the infection group were significantly longer than the non-infection group, averaging 6 days longer in terms of the median. Compared with the non-infection group, the total hospitalization cost and the differences with sub-categories other than the treatment cost were of significance. The costs over the non-infection group were mostly contributed by drugs, accounting for 50. 39%, while 23. 50% of which were spent on antibiotics. The additional antibiotics costs were mainly incurred by respiratory tract infections during hospitalization, as the costs of antimicrobial agents for the infection group were 27. 34 times that of the non-infection group. The second contributor was surgical site infection, with the cost of antibiotics 7. 63 times that of the non-infection group. Conclusions Hospital infections prolong the days of stay, increase direct economic loss, especially increase the cost of antibiotics. Prevention and control of respiratory system and surgical site infection can effectively reduce the direct economic loss of hospital infection.
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Objective To understand the current situation and development trend of scientific research in health-care-associated infection (HAI)management in China since 1986,and provide the basis for improving the research ability of HAI management.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in 170 hospitals of 13 provinces and military systems in China through multi-stage stratified sampling method,surveyed content included publication of papers written by HAI management professionals,publication of HAI-related books,application of scientific re-search projects and awards of scientific research.Results Of 170 hospitals,63 were secondary hospitals,and 107 were tertiary hospitals.During the period of 1986-2015,the professionals of HAI management have published 2 596 papers,2 555 were in Chinese,41 were in English.105 and 2 491 papers were written by professionals in sec-ondary hospitals and tertiary hospitals respectively.The number of published papers written by professionals in ter-tiary hospitals increased significantly after 2011.In 1986 - 2015,a total of 68 books on HAI management were written by investigated hospitals,35 (51.47%)of which were written in 2011 -2015.A total of 217 HAI-related research projects were applied in 1986-2015,213 (98.16%)were applied by tertiary hospitals.Most research pro-jects were applied after 2011,accounting for 57.60%(n= 125).Conclusion Scientific research on HAI manage-ment in China has entered a stage of rapid development,more and more HAI professionals begin to engage in re-search work.
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Objective In order to prevent the infection of Acinetobacter baumannii and use antibiotics rationally,the clinical infection and drug resistant data of multi-drug resistance Acinetobacter baumannii (MRAB)detected in intensive care unit (ICU)of Beijing Friendship Hospital from 2011 to 2013were analyzed.Methods This study is a retrospective study.One hundred and eighty five strains of MRAB were collected from the patients in ICU from January 2011 to December 2013.Identificationand antibiotic susceptibility of strains were determined with Vitek-2 Compact automatic bacteria identification system.The annual infection rate of MRAB was counted.PCR was used to detect the resistance genes.The clinical features of the patients with MRAB were analyzed.The average age,acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) Ⅱ score,duration in ICU and mortality ratio of the MRAB patients were compared with the patients without MRAB.Rank-sum test was used to analyze the average age,APACHE Ⅱ score and duration in ICU.Chi-squared test was used to analyze the mortality ratio and annual infection rate.Results The average age [(67 ± 17)vs (59-± 19) years old,Z =-5.365,P =0],APACHE Ⅱ score [(25.68±7.93) vs (17.62±8.39),Z=-14.821,P=0],duration in ICU [(27 ±29) vs (5 ±8) d,Z =-4.342,P =0] and mortality ratio [10.82％ (53/185) vs 28.65％ (147/1 359),x2 =45.92,P =0] of the patients infected by MRAB were significantly higher than those without the infection.The MRAB was found mostly in sputum and bronchial precipitates (83.78％,155/185).Though detection rate reduced yearly and there was a significant reduction in 2013 compared with 2011 [11.07％ (69/469) vs 8.37％ (52/621),x2 =8.755,P =0.003],the drug resistant rate was in high level and did not show any change in the 3 years.OXA-23 and OXA-51 were detected in all MRAB.Conclusions The main drug resistant mechanism of MRAB in ICU is related to OXA-23.More active methods of coutrol and prevention of MRAB should be used in elderly aud severely pneumonic patients.Intensive disinfection and isolation measures can decrease MRAB detection rate.Combined antibiotics should be used in patients with MRAB infection.
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As a social problem, Internet Addiction becomes more and more serious,and it has caused wide attention. This paper will state the diagnosis,types,causes,harm,integrated prevention and treatment of Internet Addiction.
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As a social problem,college students'Internet Addiction has drawn attention widely.A lot of domestic areas and departments have done research on college students' Internet Addiction and achieved some sucess.On the basis of retrieval of papers on students' Internet Addiction,this article analyzes former research and brought up some proposals for the future research aimed at its deficiences.