Using perineum four-dimensional pelvic ultrasound stereo imaging to detect abnormal situation of pelvic floor muscle and diaphragmatic hiatus of primipara / 中国医学装备

Objective:To use the perineum four-dimensional pelvic ultrasound stereo imaging for detecting injury situation of pelvic diaphragm hiatus and anal levator ani muscle. Understand abnormal classification of pelvic floor muscle. investigate the application of four-dimensional pelvic ultrasound stereo imaging in pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) for primipara in order to provide more accurate data for clinical practice.Methods: 270 primiparas with pelvic floor dysfunction were divided into the vaginal delivery group (135 cases) and selective cesarean group (135 cases) as random number table; pelvic floor muscle strength, longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, area of pelvic diaphragm hiatus and thickness of the anus levator were detected by the perineum four-dimensional pelvic ultrasound stereo imaging, respectively, and then to compare differences between the two groups. Results: In 270 cases, 162 cases (60%) were abnormalities in pelvic floor muscle strength, and 189 cases (70%) were abnormalities in vaginal pressure; the results of pelvic floor muscles fatigue grade situation revealed: 127 cases were abnormal muscle fiber strength ofⅠtype (47%), 30 patients were abnormal muscle fiber strength ofⅡ type (11%). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the abnormal rate of pelvic floor muscle strength, vaginal pressure and muscle fiber strength. Longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter and area of pelvic diaphragm hiatus in the vaginal delivery group were higher than that in the selective cesarean group, while thickness of anal levator were thinner than that in the selective cesarean group with significant differences (t=3.730,t=3.467, t=3.826,t=1.809;P<0.05).Conclusions: The perineum four-dimensional ultrasound diagnosis can intuitively and clearly show morphological characteristics of female pelvic diaphragm hiatus, therefore, it can quickly finish diagnosis, and provide the basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment evaluation of postpartum PFD.

Research on application of pelvic four-dimensional ultrasound in early maternal pelvic floor dysfunction disease / 中国医学装备

Objective:To provide better clinical treatment plan by grading and classifying four-dimensional ultrasound pelvic floor dynamic imaging primiparas pelvic floor dysfunction.Methods: 270 cases with pelvic floor functional disorders (bladder prolapse) of high-risk mothers were selected, from the beginning of the median sagittal plane and three-dimensional reconstruction of the surface at rest, to observe the bladder and urethra and pelvic diaphragm hiatus and anal status under Valaslva changes in the measurement parameters (bladder neck mobility, posterior horn of bladder and urethra, rotation angle of the urethra) and its Green typing.Results: There was no statistical difference between the mode of delivery cystocele resting corresponding BSD and posterior horn of bladder and urethra (t=1.133,t=1.165;P>0.05). Under Valsalva state, there were significant differences the two groups corresponding to BSD, the bladder neck mobility, posterior horn of bladder and urethra and rotation angle of the urethra (t=2.147,t=5.628,t=3.502,t=4.396;P<0.05). The incidence rate of type II and type III in vaginal delivery group is higher than that in cesarean section group. The incidence rate of type I in vaginal delivery group is less than that in cesarean section group. The differences were statistically significant (x2=6.080,P<0.05). Conclusion: The pelvic floor dynamic four-dimensional ultrasound imaging can clearly show the situation of pelvic floor before primiparas to understand the situation of maternal mode of delivery cystocele production. It can provide a more reliable basis for early clinical diagnosis of maternal pelvic floor dysfunction.

Display cellulolytic enzymes on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell surface by using Flo1p as an anchor protein for cellulosic ethanol production / 生物工程学报

In this study, we constructed a yeast consortium surface-display expression system by using Flo1 as an anchor protein. Endoglucanase II (EGII) and cellobiohydrolase II (CBHII) from Trichoderma reesei, and β3-glucosidase 1 (BGLI) from Aspergillus aculeatus were immobilized on Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y5. We constructed the cellulose-displaying expression yeast consortium (Y5/fEGII:Y5/fCBHII:Y5/fBGLI = 1:1:1) and investigated the enzymatic ability and ethanol fermentation. The displayed cellulolytic enzymes was stabile during the 96-h fermentation. The yeast consortium produced 0.77 g/L ethanol from 10 g/L phosphoric acid swollen cellulose (PASC) within 96 h. The yield (in grams of ethanol produced per gram of carbohydrate consumed) was 0.35 g/g, which correspond to 68.6% of the theoretical yield.