ABSTRACT
Medical licensing examination is a well-accepted form to authenticate physicians' qualification for practicing in most countries. Assessment of medical humanities is of great importance in medical licensing examination. In this study, the medical humanity evaluation, including contents, forms, scores and proportion of the scores of the examinations, in the medical licensing examination and the empirical research examination of segmental physician examination in China and the United States was compared by analyzing literatures and comparative approach, with the clinical examinations as examples. Results showed that contents and proportion of the scores of medical humanities in the two countries were basically the same, but there were fewer stations in current medical licensing examination in China and improvement should be made in the examination form. The feasibility of standard patients in China's medical licensing examination should be further explored, so as to make full use of the guiding role of medical licensing examination in medical education.
ABSTRACT
Accurate determination of biological activity is essential in quality control of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide (rhBNP). In previous study, we successfully developed a genetically modified cell line 293GCAC3-based ELISA assay for rhBNP. But ELISA procedure is still tedious, so this study was aimed to develop a rapid and simple bioassay for rhBNP using GloSensor technology, which provides a platform of flexible luciferase-based biosensors for real-time detection of signaling events in live cells, including cGMP production. A reporter cell line 293GCAGlo-G1 was constructed by transfecting pGloSensor?40 F plasmid into 293GCAC3. The reporter assay based on 293GCAGlo-G1 showed high precision with intra-assay CV being 8.3% and inter-assay CV being 14.1%; high accuracy with 80%, 100% and 120% recovery rate being 99.2%, 102.4% and 99.0% respectively; and great linearity with R2of linear fitting equation being 0.99. Besides, no significant difference was found in test results of reporter assay and 293GCAC3-based ELISA assay (paired t test, p＝0.630). All these results suggested that the reporter assay was a viable assay for biological determination of rhBNP.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effect of health education on schistosomiasis in Kunshan City,so as to provide the ev?idence for making the consolidating strategy in the late stage of interruption of schistosomiasis transmission. Methods The resi?dents,middle school students and elementary school students were randomly sampled from one community,one middle school and one elementary school of each of two towns and they were investigated with interviews and questionnaires for the implementa?tion of health education on schistosomiasis prevention and control. Results A total of 452 middle school students(232 cases) and primary school students (220 cases) were surveyed. The awareness rate of total schistosomiasis knowledge was 98.21%among the students(the awareness rate of basic schistosomiasis knowledge was 98.42% and the awareness rate of preventive schistosomiasis knowledge was 98.01%). Among the 220 elementary school students,the awareness rate of total schistosomiasis knowledge was 97.21%(the awareness rate of basic schistosomiasis knowledge was 97.60%and the awareness rate of preventive schistosomiasis knowledge was 96.82%). Among the 232 middle school students,the awareness rate of total schistosomiasis knowledge was 99.17%(χ2 =34.661,compared with the rate of the elementary school students)[the awareness rate of basic schistosomiasis knowledge was 99.20%(χ2=13.045,compared with the rate of the elementary school students)and the aware?ness rate of preventive schistosomiasis knowledge was 99.14%(χ2 =21.796,compared with the rate of the elementary school students)]. There were significant differences between the elementary school students and middle school students in above?men?tioned awareness rates(all P<0.001). There were schistosomiasis health education materials or teaching plans in all the four schools. Among the 402 residents surveyed,the awareness rate of total schistosomiasis knowledge was 98.87%. Conclusion The effect of health education on schistosomiasis prevention and control is very well,and the total awareness rate of schistosomia?sis prevention and control knowledge among the population has reached the goal(more than 95%)of the medium?and long?term planning of schistosomiasis prevention and control in Kunshan City.
ABSTRACT
History taking capability is a basic skill of clinician.During the Phased Empirical Research,NMEC redesigned the test station of History taking.On the basis of the same inquiry,we use SP,enlarge the question amount,score value,exam time,and also add the evaluation of comprehensive quality.By the new test,we can measure the history taking skill,communication talent and medical humanity competence of medical students.This paper raises a claim on humanistic quality education of medical students in order to prompt medical education to attach importance to the cultivation of medical humanity competence,to improve the medical humanistic education model,then improve the overall quality of medical students.
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Objective:To examine the osmolality of domestic recombinant human interferon α2b injection to provide evidence for the improvement of the national quality standard. Methods:Totally 66 batches of recombinant human interferonα2b injection produced by 9 manufacturers were withdrawn, and the osmolality was determined according to the appendix of Chinese Pharmacopoeia Ⅲ(2010 edition). The results were analyzed with statistical methods. Results:The pass rate of osmolality was 98. 5%. The osmolality of more than 90% of the batches was between 85% and 115% of the intermediate value set by the manufacturers. Conclusion:Comprehensive understanding of the quality control of osmolality of domestic recombinant human interferon α2b injection is obtained, which provides data support for the improvement of quality standard of osmolality.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the quality status of recombinant human interferon α2a injections and find out some quality problems. Methods:The statutory testing methods combining with the exploratory studies were used to examine the samples, and the quality status of recombinant human interferon α2a injections was evaluated by statistical analysis of the results. Results: All 28 bat-ches of the injections were qualified using the statutory testing methods. The exploratory studies showed that if the specific activity was determined, the qualified rate was only 87. 0%. All 7 batches of drug substances were qualified using the statutory testing methods. The exploratory studies showed that if the related protein was determined, the qualified rate was 57. 1%. Conclusion:At present the quality of recombinant human interferonα2a injections is generally good. The current standards are feasible;however, improvement is still needed. Specific activity determination should be supplemented the standards for drug products and related protein determination should be supplemented the standards of drug substances.
ABSTRACT
The study aims to characterize and compare interferon reference standards from 5 manufacturers. By testing molecular mass and trypsin-digested peptide mass mapping, the amino acid sequence was verified and post-translational modifications such as disulfide bond were identified. Results show that the molecular mass and amino acid sequence were consistent with theory; the disulfide bonds of 4 lots of interferon were Cys1-Cys98/Cys29-Cys138, 1 lot was Cys29-Cys139/Cys86-Cys99; N-terminal "+Met", acetyl N-terminal and Met oxidation were identified in part of the sample. UPLC-MS can be used to characterize and compare interferon reference standards from different manufacturers.
ABSTRACT
To establish a detection method of oncolytic adenovirus/p53 and standard of quality control, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter, CMV fusion promoter containing hypoxia reaction element (HRE) and p53 gene were identified by vector DNA restriction enzyme digestion and PCR analysis. The result conformed that all modified regions were in consistent with theoretical ones. Particle number was 2.0 x 10(11) mL(-1) determined by UV (A260). Infectious titer was 5.0 x 10(10) IU mL(-1) analyzed by TCID50. In vitro p53 gene expression in human lung cancer cell H1299 was determined by ELISA, and A450 ratio of nucleoprotein in virus infection group to control group was 5.2. Antitumor potency was evaluated by cytotoxicity assay using human lung cancer cell A549, and the MOI(IC50) of this gene therapy preparation was 1.0. The tumor cells targeted replication ability of recombinant virus was determined by TCID50 titer ratio of filial generation virus between human lung cancer cell A549 and human diploid epidermal fibrolast BJ cells after infected by virus with same MOI. TCID50 titer ratio of tumor cell infection group to normal cell infection control group was 398. The IE-HPLC purity of virus was 99.5%. There was less than 1 copy of wild type adenovirus within 1 x 10(7) VP recombinant virus. Other quality control items were complied with corresponding requirements in the guidance for human somatic cell therapy and gene therapy and Chinese pharmacopeia volume III. The detection method of oncolytic adenovirus/p53 was successfully established for quality control standard. The study also provided reference for quality control of other oncolytic viral vector products.