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Objective:To explore the effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the levels of serum magnesium in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and the effects of abnormal serum magnesium on the prognosis in T2DM patients with CAP.Methods:The study was a retrospective single-center study conducted in adult patients hospitalized with CAP at the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao between January 2015 and December 2018. These patients were divided into two groups according to the diagnosis of T2DM (control group and T2DM group). The reference range for serum magnesium is from 0.75 to 1.25 mmol/L. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality.Results:The prevalences of hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia were numerically higher in T2DM group than in control group (hypomagnesemia: 14.6% vs 12.0%, hypermagnesemia: 1.4% vs 0.7%), but there was no statistical difference ( P>0.05). In patients with T2DM, the in-hospital mortalities in patients with normal serum magnesium and hypomagnesemia were 5.9% and 12.7%, respectively; In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the in-hospital mortality of patients with hypomagnesemia was 5.629(95% CI 2.012-15.750, P=0.001)times as much as that of patients with normal serum magnesium. Conclusions:Abnormal serum magnesium was common in T2DM inpatients with CAP and hypomagnesemia was the most common. Hypomagnesemia was closely related to in-hospital mortality in T2DM patients with CAP. The assessment of serum magnesium levels on admission may be helpful in predicting the prognosis of T2DM patients with CAP.
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Objective To build an indicator system of pharmaceutical supply chain performance using the theory of balanced scored card(BSC). Methods A preliminary indicator system was built by way of literature analysis during February-October of 2017, with a formal questionnaire prepared by means of the questionnaire test method. Two rounds of expert consultation were carried out in Delphi method, and the statistical analysis method was used to determine the index weight and the reliability, with the system applied. Results Such a system consisted of seven level-1 indicators and 22 level-2 indicators. The content efficiency index of the system was 0.833, and the total Cronbach a index was 0.892, indicating satisfactory efficiency and reliability. Conclusions This system established in the study proves scientific and feasible, and can provide reference for hospitals to improve their performance of the pharmaceutical supply chain.
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To explore the best measurement of waist circumference related with intra-abdominal fat area evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI). Totally 207 participants aged 20-60 years were enrolled. Waist circumference were measured at the levels of navel ( WC1) and the midpoint between costal brim and iliac cest (WC2). Intra-abdominal fat area was evaluated by MRI scan. Intra-abdominal fat area was significantly higher in men than in women [(132. 17 ± 59. 49 vs 70. 56 ± 35. 33)cm2 , P<0. 01]. Pearson correlation analysis showed that WC1 and WC2 were positively correlated with intra-abdominal fat area (r = 0. 779, r = 0. 809, both P<0. 01). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that WC1 and WC2 were independently associated with intra-abdominal fat area(β=0. 553, R2 =0. 714, P<0. 01; β = 0. 603, R2 = 0. 735, P<0. 01). All of the two different measurements of waist circumference parameters may reflect intra-abdominal fat area, while WC1 seems to be the simpler one.
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To explore the best measurement of waist circumference related with intra-abdominal fat area evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI). Totally 207 participants aged 20-60 years were enrolled. Waist circumference were measured at the levels of navel ( WC1) and the midpoint between costal brim and iliac cest (WC2). Intra-abdominal fat area was evaluated by MRI scan. Intra-abdominal fat area was significantly higher in men than in women [(132. 17 ± 59. 49 vs 70. 56 ± 35. 33)cm2 , P<0. 01]. Pearson correlation analysis showed that WC1 and WC2 were positively correlated with intra-abdominal fat area (r = 0. 779, r = 0. 809, both P<0. 01). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that WC1 and WC2 were independently associated with intra-abdominal fat area(β=0. 553, R2 =0. 714, P<0. 01; β = 0. 603, R2 = 0. 735, P<0. 01). All of the two different measurements of waist circumference parameters may reflect intra-abdominal fat area, while WC1 seems to be the simpler one.
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Objective The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between hypertriglyceridemic-waist(HTWC) phenotype and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 3 136 Han adolescents aged 13-17 years in Qinhuangdao. The HTWC phenotype was defined as serum triglyceride concentrations ≥1. 47 mmol/ L and waist circumference ≥90 th percentile for age and sex. Results The prevalence of HTWC phenotype was 3. 3% . The prevalence of clustering of cardiovascular risk factors was 0. 4%in adolescents with normal waist circumference and serum triglyceride and 14. 7% in adolescents with HTWC phenotype. After adjustment for sex, age, body mass index, and family history of diabetes and hypertension, the prevalence of clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents with HTWC phenotype was 9. 286 fold(95% CI 3. 161-27. 282, P<0. 01) of that in adolescents with normal waist circumference and triglyceride. Conclusion There was a significant correlation between HTWC phenotype and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors, suggesting that this phenotype may be applied as a simple marker for identifying adolescents with clustering of cardiovascular risk factors.
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Objective To explore the effects of liraglutide on cardiovascular in obese men without diabetes mellitus.Methods Ten obese men without diabetes mellitus (body mass index (BMI) ＞ 25 kg/m2)were enrolled in this study.All subjects received 6 months treatments of liraglutide.Cardiovascular risk factors were measured at 0 and 6 months after treatment.Results Compared to the baseline,BMI and blood pressure didn't change(P＞0.05).The waist-hip ratio and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in base line were 0.98±0.04,(5.96± 0.4) 6％,significant different from those after treatment (0.94 ± 0.04,(5.45 ± 0.25) ％;t =2.391,4.115;P＜0.05).The high density lipoprotein cholesterol and superoxide dismutase after treatment were (1.24 ±0.15) mmol/L and (92.6±6.1) U/ml,higher than those before treatment ((1.08±0.16) mmol/L,(83.2 ± ±9.2) U/ml;t =2.843,2.490;P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Liraglutide improve body fat distribution and cardiovascular risk factors in obese men.
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A total of 1507 children aged 7 ～ 12 years in Qinhuangdao were incruited to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of different obesity indices in screening hypertension.Blood pressure and obesity indices were positively correlated(P＜0.01).Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were 0.744 ～ 0.835 in boys and 0.704 ～ 0.796 in girls (P＜0.01).Obesity indices could be used as parameters for detecting hypertension in children.
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Objeetive To evaluate the relationship between aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase ratio (AST/ALT ratio) and metabolic syndrome in college students.Methods Anthropometric and metabolic measurements including fasting plasma glucose (FPG),triglyceride (TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),true insulin (TI),(AST and ALT) were assessed in a crosssectional study of 425 college students aged 19 to 24 years old (male 216,female 209) in 2009.The participants were then assigned to the AST/ALT ratio ＜ 1 group or the AST/ALT ratio ≥ 1 group.Metabolic syndrome was defined as Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ criteria.Results AST/ALT ratio ＜ 1 was found in 146 subjects (34.4％).After adjustment for age and sex,AST/ALT ratio showed a positive correlation with HDLC (r=0.125) and negative correlations with body mass index (BMI,r=-0.281),waist circumtance (WC,r =-0.264),TG (r =-0.134),TI (r =-0.118) and HOMA-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR,r =-0.121) (all P ＜0.05).The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 2.1％ and was similar in males and females (2.3％ vs.1.9％,P =0.774).Those with AST/ALT ratio ＜ 1 had a significantly higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome (4.8％ vs.0.7％,P =0.016).After adjustment for age,gender and BMI,the prevalence of metabolic syndrome of subjects with AST/ALT ratio ＜ 1 was nearly 7 (95％ CI:1.430 to 34.019,P =0.016) times of those with AST/ALT ratio ≥ 1.Conclusion AST/ALT ratio may be related with metabolic syndrome in college students.
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Forty-eight men with normal glucose tolerance were divided into fatty liver disease ( NAFLD, n =23 ) and non-NAFLD (n =25 ) groups. The blood glucose excursion was evaluated by continuous glucose monitoring system. The results showed that the mean amplitude of glucose excursion[MAGE, (2. 17± 1.13 vs 1.45±0. 42 )mmol/L]and standard deviation of blood glucose[SDBG, (0. 88 ±0. 45 vs 0. 61 ±0. 21 ) mmol/L]were significantly higher in NAFLD group than in non-NAFLD group( both P＜0. 05 ). MAGE and SDBG were positively correlated with body mass index, waist circumference, and the increased value of plasma glucose 0. 5 h after glucose loading( △G30,all P＜0. 05 ). In multiple regression analysis, △G30, waist circumference, and age were significant independent predictors for MAGE( P＜0. 05 or P＜0. 01 ). △G30 and waist circumference were significant independent predictors for SDBG( P＜0. 05 or P＜0. 01 ).
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Seventy-four men aged 20-50 years with normal glucose tolerance were divided into abdominal obese group(n=36),simple obese group(n=16),and normal body weight group(n=22).One-hour postload plasma glucose(1hPG)and carotid intima-media thickness(IMT)were higher in abdominal obese group than those in simple obese group and control group(all P<0.01).IMT was positively correlated with 1hPG(P<0.05).In multiple regression analysis,waist circumference and triglycerides were independent predictors for IMT.
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A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1619 youngsters aged 13-15.They were divided into two groups:one with family history of diabetes (FHD~+) and another without a family history of diabetes (FHD~-).Measurements included height,weight,waist circumference (WC) and hip.FHD~+ group had significantly higher WC measurement,waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) when compared with FHD~-group (P ＜0.01).The abdominal obesity rate defined by WC measurement in FHD+ group was higher than that in FHD~-group (P＜0.01).The rate of overweight and obesity defined by body mass index (BMI) were no significant difference between two groups.After adjusting the gender and age,logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratios of WC alone and BMI+WC for FHD~+ were 2.029 and 1.364 (95% CI:1.211-3.400,1.043-1.784,P＜0.05) respectively.Our data suggest that teenage with a family history of type 2 diabetes has a tendency of overweight characterized by the abdominal obesity.
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Objective To investigate the correlation of anthropometric parameters with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in Qinhuangdao college students.Methods A total of 789 subjects from two colleges in Qinhuangdao City (369 men and 420 women) were recruited using a cluster-stratified sampling method.Anthropometric measurements included height,body weight,waist circumference,hip circumference,blood pressure.and ALT.Body mass index,waist to height ratio,and waist to hip ratio were calculated.Results Elevated ALT was found in 16.3% of male participants and 4.0% of females(P<0.05).For males,those with elevated ALT showed significantly higher levels of anthropometric parameters (P<0.05).In females,the levels of anthropometric parameters were similar between subjects with or without elevated ALT(P>0.05).Receiver operating characteristie curve analysis also showed that obesity indices predicted elevated ALT only in men [area under the curve:0.8-0.9(P<0.05) in men,0.5-0.6(P>0.05) in wonlen].Blood pressure did not predict elevated ALT in both men and women (area under the curve:0.5-0.7).Conclusion Dender difference of obesity indices could be found in Qinhuangdao college students.Obesity indices may be independent predictors of elevated ALT in men.However,blood pressure seems not to be an independent predictor of elevated ALT.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the relation of obesity parameters,including body mass index (BMI),waist-to-height ratio(WHR),waist circumference,and waist-to-hip ratio(WHR),with hypertension in adolescents.MethodsA cross-section study was conducted among 3953 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years old,who were assigned to the normal blood pressure group (3724) or hypertension group(229).Measurements were height,weight,waist circumference,systolic blood pressure (SBP),and diastolic blood pressure (DBP).ResultsThe data showed that mean BMI,WHR,waist circumference,WHR,SBP,and DBP in the hypertension group Was significantly higher than those in the normal blood pressure group(all P<0.05).In partial correlation analysis,BMI,WHR,waist circumference,and WHR were positively correlated with both SBP and DBP after gender or age were adjusted(r'=0.3228 and 0.2358,both P<0.05).For alias under the receiver operating curve(ROC),the BMI was obserred to strongly predict hypertension in male (0.715;95%CI0.659-0.771)and female (0.702;95%CI0.646-0.757).BMI was also entered into the multiple linear regression modeL ConclusionBMI could be an effective predictive factor of hypertension in adolescents.
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Objective To evaluate the relationship between obesity and serum soluble intercellular adhesion molectde-1 (sICAM-1) in adolescents. Methods Totally, 158 adolescents aged 13-15 years were divided into three groups based on their body mass index (BMI) , 80 in control group, 44 in overweight group and 34 in obesity group. Height, weight, waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure were measured for all of them and sICAM-1 was assayed from fasting venous blood collected. Results BMI, WC and systolic blood pressure were significantly higher in overweight group than those in control group (P < 0. 01). BMI, WC, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher in obesity group than those in overweight group (P<0. 05). Level of sICAM-1 was significantly higher in obesity group than that in control group (P <0.05). Their sICAM-1 showed positive correlation with BMI (r = 0.168, P=0.035) and WC (r=0. 179, P =0.025). Multiple linear regression analysis using sICAM-1 as a dependent variable showed that WC (β= 0.009, 95% CI 0. 001-0.018, P=0.025) was an independent predictors for sICAM-1 adjusted for age, sex, BMI and blood pressure. Conclusions Results mentioned above suggest that endothelial dysfunction associates with obesity, particularly with abdominal obesity. sICAM-1 can be used as an early marker of atherosclerosis in adolescents.
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Objective To explore the best cut-point of waist-to-heisht ratio (WHtR) for identifying metabolic syndrome(MS)in adolescents.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 4 507 adolescents aged 13-18 years in Qinhuangdao.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was employed to determine the optimal WHtR cut-point for detecting MS.Results The prevalences of MS were higher among higher WHtR in both boys and girls.Odds ratios for MS significantly increased from the WHtR≥0.45 in boys(OR =13.85,95%CI 4.08-46.97)and in girls (OR=12.42,95%CI 2.62-58.96,P<0.01).The ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal WHtR cut-point was 0.45 in boys with the sensitivity of 89.4%and specificity of 81.4%.and in girls with sensitivity of 90.3%and specificity of 86.5%.Conclusion There is a significant correlation between WHtR and MS.Optimal WHtR cut-point for predicting MS is 0.45.
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accumulation and endothelial dysfunction are associated with insulin resistance.