Research advances on mechanism and lesion location of vertical nystagmus / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Summary@#Vertical nystagmus is a vertical nystagmus caused by structural abnormalities and/or dysfunction of the central vestibular system and observed in situ in the center of the eyeball. There are two kinds of nystagmus （UBN） and downbeat nystagmus （DBN） according to the direction of nystagmus. The diagnosis of UBN is mainly made by naked eye or electronystagmography/viewer. It is a common neuro-ophthalmologic sign in the field of vestibular medicine. In this paper, the mechanism of vertical nystagmus formation and the location of lesions were briefly introduced, in order to provide help for the diagnosis and treatment of Vertigo.

Research advances on mechanism and lesion location of vertical nystagmus / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Vertical nystagmus is a vertical nystagmus caused by structural abnormalities and/or dysfunction of the central vestibular system and observed in situ in the center of the eyeball. There are two kinds of nystagmus （UBN） and downbeat nystagmus （DBN） according to the direction of nystagmus. The diagnosis of UBN is mainly made by naked eye or electronystagmography/viewer. It is a common neuro-ophthalmologic sign in the field of vestibular medicine. In this paper, the mechanism of vertical nystagmus formation and the location of lesions were briefly introduced, in order to provide help for the diagnosis and treatment of Vertigo.

Concept and clinical application of surgical margin principle on head and neck cancers / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Surgical margin principle is one of the central surgical principles for head and neck cancers. Negative surgical margin is the primary purpose of surgery for head and neck cancers. This paper is based on the current clinical application of surgical margins of head and neck cancers, and it is proposed that surgical margins of head and neck cancers may be classified into three types: surface margin, deep margin, and tissue interface margin in consideration of surgical exposure of tumors. The classification of surgical margins can make the clinical application and the research of surgical margins of head and neck cancers more systematic and clear.

How to initially screen common central "malignant vertigo" at the bedside? / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Most of the common dizziness/vertigo diseases in otology clinic are peripheral vertigo diseases, and while about 20% -30% of all vertigo diseases are caused by central nervous system diseases. Pseudo vestibular neuritis, acute ischemic stroke with audiovestibular loss, and central paroxysmal positional vertigo are the three types of central "malignant vertigo" diseases which are most easily misdiagnosed by otologists. This article described the clinical characteristics and bedside physical performance of these three diseases, and summarized the differential diagnosis points for clinical reference.

Biological characteristics of bacteriophage D218 of multiple drug resistance Acinetobacter baumanii / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To screen the bacteriophage for splitting multiple drug resistance Acinetobacter baumanii to provide a new scheme for the phage therapy of multiple drug resistance Acinetobacter baumanii infection.Methods Multiple drug resistance Acinetobacter baumanii isolated from hospitals in Shanghai served as the host bacteria.The bacteriophages were isolated from different environments.The morphology and size of bacteriophages were observed by electron microscope with negative staining.The influence of pH and temperature on its stability was analyzed.The phage DNA was extracted and sequenced.The related gene function was analyzedResults A virulent phage named D218 of drug-resistance Acinetobacter baumanii was isolated from the effluent sewerage of hospital.The electron microscopy observation showed that it is a long-tail phage of polyhedron symmetric structure,with a diameter of about 65nm,the tail length of about 100nm and width of about 15 nm.The phage kept high activity at pH 3-11 and temperature 4-50 ℃.The genome size is 102449bp with GC content of 37.2%.It encodes 167 ORFs.Conclusion A new virulent phage D218 of drug-resistance Acinetobacter baumanii is isolated,which is stable to pH and temperature,which increases the new data for its application in hospital infection prevention and control,and the phage library setup.

Experimental study on the interaction between hepatoma cells and hepatic stellate cells / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of the interaction between human hepatoma cells and hepatic stellate cells on their growth state,and study its role of interaction on the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods Human hepatoma cell line HepG2 and hepatic stellate cell line hepatic stallate cells (HSC)-T6 were used and the methods including methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay,flow cytometry (FCM) analysis,immunohistochemistry,and electron microscopy were employed in this experiment.The effects of conditioned medium (CM) of HepG2 on the activation and proliferation of HSC were explored.The effects of activated HSC CM on HepG2 proliferation were investigated.The uhrastructural changes of the two co-cultured cells were observed.Results MTT assay result showed that HepG2/HSC CM could promote HSC/HepG2 proliferation.FCM result demonstrated that HepG2/HSC CM could influence the cell cycle distribution in HSC/HepG2.Immunohistochemistry exhibited that after the treatment of HepG2/HSC CM,the expression ofα-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in HSC and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in HepG2 were increased.When HepG2 and HSC were co-cultured,the ultrastructure of HSC displayed an activated feature.Conclusions HepG2 cells can induce the activation and proliferation of HSC,and the activated HSC can also stimulate the proliferation of HepG2.Interaction between hepatoma cells and hepatic stellate cells may play an important role in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.

RASCAL software-based impact assessment of public dose from radionuclides discharged via different release paths in the aftermath of nuclear power plant accident / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To identify the effects of different release paths on public dose in the aftermath of a NPP accident.Methods RASCAL4.3 software was used to simulate the source terms of PWR NPPs and the characteristics of dose distribution in different release path scenarios of long term station blackout (LTSBO) accident.Results It had been shown that radioactivity was the highest in Scenario 2,which was the release path for releases of radionuclides into the environment due to steam generator tube rupture.Radioactivity was the lowest in Scenario 1,which was the release path for radionuclides to be released into the environment in the case of containment leakage or failure.TEDE dose was mainly distributed in the region within 40 km of the release point in different scearios.TEDE dose in the most sectors within 80 km was low than 10 mSv in Scenario 1,which was the release path via containment in containment leakage or failure and in Scenario 3,which was the release path by containment bypass.It was greater than 50 mSv in Scenario 2,which was the release path due to steam generator tube rupture.Conclusions For the environmental impact assessment,it should be paid more attention to the fact that the public health impact imposed by radionuclide release into the environment via the release path due to steam generator tube rupture in the aftermath of LTSBO accident at a NPP.

The expression and clinical significance of Bax and PHF20 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expression of Bax and PHF20 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC)and to discuss their relevance and the roles in carcinogenesis and development in LSCC.@*METHOD@#The expressions of Bax and PHF20 in the LSCC tissues and normal mucosa tissues adjacent to carcinoma were detected by SP immunohistochemistry assay. The relationship between the expressions of Bax and PHF20 and the clinicopathological characteristics including clinical stage, pathological type, histological grade and lymph node metastasis in LSCC were analyzed according to the clinical data.@*RESULT@#(1) The expressions of Bax and PHF20 were both significantly lower in the LSCC tissue than that in the normal laryngeal tissue (P 0.05). In histological differentiation grouping, the quantity and positive rate of Bax and PHF20 expressions decreased significantly in poorly differentiated LSCC compared with the well and moderately differentiated LSCCs (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively). In T stage grouping, the quantity and positive rate of Bax and PHF20 expressions were both significantly higher in T1 + T2 compared with T3 +T4 (both P < 0.01). In addition, the quantity and positive rate of Bax and PHF20 expressions were both significantly higher in LSCC with lymph node metastasis compared to that without lymph node metastasis (both P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The lack of Bax and PHF20 might contribute to the carcinogenesis and development in LSCC. The positive expression of Bax and PHF20 maybe relative to T term degree, differentiation degree and lymphamatic metastasis of LSCC.

Neoplasms stem cells play an important role in resistance of laryngeal squamous cancer to chemoradiotherapy / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To determine an approach enriching cancer stem cells from laryngeal cancer cell line. To investigate whether laryngeal cancer stem cells in chemoradiotherapy have the characteristic of resistance.@*METHOD@#CD133+ cells and CD133- cells was detected and isolated from Hep-2 cell line by fluorescence activated cell sorting technology. The cytotoxicities of cisplatin and radiation were investigated by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) assay. The apoptosis and cell cycle was analyzed with flow cytometry.@*RESULT@#CD133+ cells accounted for a fraction of (2.43 +/- 0.77)% in Hep-2 cell line. CD133+ cells have a more obvious characteristics of cancer stem cells. Different cisplatin and radiation concentrations of for two cell have inhibition, in a certain concentration range and the dosage dependence. Cisplatin and radiation had synergistic inhibitory effects with CD133- cells on the growth of two cell. Moreover, cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and more apoptosis was induced by synergistic combination. Different concentrations of cetuximab for Hep-2 cells have inhibition, in a certain concentration range and time and the dosage dependence. The half maxial inhibitory concentration (IC50) of cetuximab to Hep-2 cells on 24 h was 1 036.84 microg/L. Cisplatin and radiation had synergistic inhibitory effects with cetuximab on the growth of Hep-2 cell line. Moreover, cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and more apoptosis was induced by synergistic combination.@*CONCLUSION@#Compared with CD133- cells, CD133+ cells subpopulation exhibited extraordinary cancer stem.

Synergistic lethal effects of cetuximab combined with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy in laryngeal squamous carcinoma cells / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To determine the sensitivity of cetuximab induced apoptosis in laryngeal squamous carcinoma cells Hep-2, and to evaluate the synergistic killing effects and regulation mechanism of cetuximab alone or cetuximab in combination with chemotherapeutic agents (cisplatin) or radiation means on Hep-2 cells.@*METHOD@#To investigate the cytotoxicities of cetuximab, cisplatin and radiation, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used for the detection of cell growth inhibition ratio, and fluorescence activated cell sorter FACS for the apoptotic rate and cell cycle distribution.@*RESULT@#Cetuximab had inhibitive effect on Hep-2 cells within a certain range of concentration in a time- and dose-dependence manner. The inhibition concentration 50% (IC50) of cetuximab on Hep-2 cells for 24 h was 1 036.84 microg/ml. For application of cisplatin and radiation, the apoptotic rate of Hep-2 cell was higher by combining with cetuximab than their single or combined administration. Moreover, the cell cycle arrested at G0/G1 phase.@*CONCLUSION@#Laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cells was sensitive to the cetuximab induced apoptosis. Cetuximab combined with cisplatin and/or radiation can increase the antiproliferative effects on Hep-2 cells. These findings suggest the synergistic combination of cetuximab and cytotoxic agents was sequence depended.

Data analysis of MRI misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of breast lesions on clinical, radiologic and pathologic features / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To analyze the MRI data of misdiagnosed and missed diagnosed of breast lesions and their histopathological features.Methods Data from 241 breast lesions within 121 patients were recruited in this study.The data included MRI images,uhrasounds and X-ray images were retrospectively interpreted by two radiologist and each lesion was assessed according to the BI-RADS classification.The pathologic features of miss or error diagnosed lesions on MRI were analyzed.Results In 241 breast lesions (malignance 120,bcnign 121),4 lcsions were miss diagnosed on MRI.Thcy were 2 intraductal papillomatosis and 2 fibroadenoma.All was benign.Twenty three lesions were misdiagnosed on MRI.Sixteen were overestimation,including 3 chronic inflammations,3 sclerosing adenosis,2 fibroadenoma,4 fibrocystic changes with or without atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH),2 intraductal papilloma,1 infiltration of pectoralis major muscle and 1 axillary lymphnode metastasis.Meanwhile,there were 7 lesions were underestimation.These lesions included 2 invasive ductal carcinomas,1 mucinous adenocarcinoma,2 DCIS and 1 blunt duct adenosis with ADH and focal cancerous,1 inflammatory breast cancer underwent chemotherapy.The sensitivity and specificity and accuracy of breast MRI were 95.83 ％ (115/120),72.73 ％ (88/121),84.23 ％ (203/241),respectively.MRI findings had no difference with respect to mammogram or ultrasound was 75.10 ％ (181/241).Conclusion MRI misdiagnosis and missed often occurs in smaller breast lesions,morphologic and hemodynamic malignant manifestation atypical,especially intraductal lesions.MRI diagnosis should be combined with physical examination,X-ray mammogram and ultrasound to improve diagnostic accuracy and reduce missed diagnosis.

Assessment of pulmonary function using pixel indexes of multiple-slice spiral CT low-dose two-phase scanning in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To explore the values of pixel indexes (PI) with multiple-slice spiral CT low-dose two-phase scanning for assessing the pulmonary function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods Thirty-six patients with COPD (COPD group)and 30 healthy people (control group)underwent pulmonary function test (PFT).Chest 64-MSCT low-dose (50 mAs) scanning at full inspiration and expiration,routine scanning (100 mAs) at inspiration were performed.The effective dose (ED) was calculated.The lung was divided into three regions ( upper,middle,lower).PI of lung were divided into five groups:-960--1024, -910--960, -800--910, -700--800,-400--700.ThePI-910 (sum of the PI under -910 HU) of low-dose scanning at each region were measured and calculated using pulmo software. All PI included PIin-910,PIex-910,PIin-910-PIex-910, PIex-910/PIin-910 and (PIin-910-PIex-910)/PIin-910.All patients underwent PFT within 3 days after 64-MSCT canning,FEV1％ and FEV1/FVC were selected for comparison. Results The PIin in three regions ( - 960 - - 1024,-910 - -960,-800 - -910) were statistically significant between normal and COPD groups( U =0.00,57.00,20.50,P ＜ 0.01 ). The PIex in all regions were statistically significant ( U =0.00,0.00,71.52,191.00,6.00,P ＜ 0.01 ). PI-910--1024 at expiration and inspiration were correlated with FEV1％ and FEV1/FVC( r =- 0.548,- 0.664,- 0.752,- 0.781,P ＜ 0.01 ).PIin -910,PIex -910,PIex-910/PIin -910,( PIin -910-PIex -910 )/PIin -910 had a good correlation with FEV1％ and FEV1/FVC ( r =- 0.548,- 0.664,- 0.752,- 0.781,- 0.674,- 0.642,0.674,0.642,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion Pixel indexes of 64-MSCT low-dose two-phase scanning can be used to evaluate pulmonary function in COPD patients.

The expression and regulation of Th17 cell in murine modal of allergic rhinitis / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the function of Th17 cells in allergic rhinitis,through comparing the symptoms, pathology and and the quantity of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokine in normal mice, allergic rhinitis mice and allergic rhinitis mice with IL-17 antibody application.@*METHOD@#Thirty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups, control group, allergic rhinitis group, and therapy group. The allergic rhinitis model was induced by classical method with ovalbumin. The therapy group was treated with IL-17 antibody. The concentration of IL-17, IL-4 and IFN-gamma in serum was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Nasal mucosal inflammation was evaluated by HE staining. The expression of RORgammat mRNA was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).@*RESULTS@#The expression level of IL-17, IL-4 and RORgammat mRNA in allergic rhinitis group were significantly higher than those of control group and IL-17 antibody treated group (P < 0.05). While the expression level of IFN-gamma in allergic rhinitis group were significantly was lower than those of control group and IL-17 antibody treated group (P < 0.05). The inflammation reaction in therapy group abated with nasal mucosal HE staining.@*CONCLUSION@#The large quantity of Th2, Th17 cells were found in allergic rhinitis. It might be associated with the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. The control of Th17 cells expression may be an effective way to treat allergic rhinitis.

Impact of distillage recycling on the glycolysis key enzymes, stress response metabolites and intracelluler components of the self-flocculating yeast / 生物工程学报

This research aimed to study the effect of distillage recycling on ethanol fermentation, the key glycolytic enzymes and cell composition of the self-flocculating yeast. With the self-flocculating yeast SPSC01 and medium composed of 220 g/L glucose, 8 g/L yeast extract and 6 g/L peptone, continuous ethanol fermentation was carried out at the dilution rate of 0.04 h(-1) with a 1.5 L tank bioreactor. Fermentation broth was collected every 3 days, and ethanol and other volatile byproducts were removed by distillation, but the stillage with high boiling byproducts was recycled to prepare the medium instead of fresh water. The system was run for 20 days, during which ethanol and biomass concentrations in the effluent decreased continuously, indicating the significant inhibition of the high boiling byproducts accumulated within the system. Thus, the activities of the key enzymes of the glycolytic pathway: hexokinase, 6-phosphofructose kinase, and pyruvate kinase were analyzed, and it was observed that all of them were inhibited. Furthermore, the biosynthesis of the stress response metabolites glycerol and trehalose was investigated, and it was found that glycerol production that can protect yeast cells against osmotic pressure stress was enhanced, but trehalose biosynthesis that can protect yeast cells against ethanol inhibition was not improved, correspondingly. And in the meantime, the biosynthesis of the major intracellular components proteins and hydrocarbons was adjusted, correspondingly.

Expression and clinical significance of LYVE-1 and VEGF-C in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To elucidate the relationship between LYVE-1 and VEGF-C and their expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma(LSCC),and provide theoretic evidence for the judgement of metastasis and prognosis of LSCC,also for the treatment.Methods An immunohistocbemical analysis was performed to 50 specimens of LSCC with lymphatic endothelial marker LYVE-1.Quantitation of lymphangiogenesis growth factor VEGF-C by RT- PCR was performed to 30 specimens of LSCC.Finally the correlation between LVD and VEGF-C mRNA was analyzed with statistics methods.Results LYVE-1 (+) was observed in all LSCC.The median copy number of VEGF-c mRNA was 4-5-fold higher in LSCC than in adjacent normal tissue.There was correlation between tumor VEGF-C mRNA copy number and intratumoral LVD.Conclusion Lymphatic vessels existed in LSCC.There was correlation between high levels of LVD in LSCC than in normal tissue.The high level of VEGF-C may accelerate the lymphatic metastasis by promoting the proliferation of lymphatic vessel.

Analysis of test results of serum autoantibodies in patients with chronic hepatitis C / 国际检验医学杂志

patitis C.Conclusion Autoimmune reaction can be triggered by HCV infection;and autoimmunity is an immporant factor for liver tissue injury in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Study on relationship between intratumoral lymphangiogenesis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and lymphatic metastasis / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To elucidate the relationship between the intratumoral lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis, and provide some theoretic evidence for the judgement of lymph node metastasis and prognosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), also for the treatment.@*METHOD@#Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to 50 specimens of LSCC with lymphatic endothelial marker (Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 LYVE-1), the vascular endothelial marker CD34 and the pKi67 proliferation marker to record lymphatic vessel density (LVD). Quantitation of lymphangiogenesis growth factor VEGF-C by RT- PCR was performed to 30 specimens of LSCC. Finally the correlation between LVD and tumor TNM grade, VEGF-C mRNA, grade of diffraction was analyzed with statistics methods.@*RESULT@#Newly proliferating lymphatic vessel were observed in all LSCC. The median copy number of VEGF-c mRNA was 4-5-fold higher in LSCC than in adjacent normal tissue. There was correlation between tumor VEGF-C mRNA copy number and intratumoral LVD (n =30, P 0.05) but N stage (n = 50, P <0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Newly proliferating lymphatic vessels existed in LSCC. There was correlation between high levels of LVD in LSCC than in normal tissue. And the high level of VEGF-C may accelerate the lymphatic metastasis by promoting the proliferation of intratumoral lymphatic.

The changes and significance of T-cell subgroups, cytokines and immunoglobulins in children with asthma / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To study the changes of serum levels of T-cell subgroups,cytokines and immunoglobulins on the pathogenesis of asthma in children,and explore the role of them in the pathogenesis of asthma. Methods Forty children with asthma (asthma attack group and asthma convalescence group) and 25 healthy children (control group) were enrolled in this study.The level of CD3+CD4+ and CD8+T-cell were determined using flow cytometry (FCM).The levels of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8 and IgE were determined using ELISA, the level of IgG,IgA and IgM were detected by immunoturbidimetry.Results Compated with control group,there were higher levels of CD3+ and CD4+T-cell and CD4+/CD8+ in asthma attack group (P＜0.01),and higher levels of CD4+T-cell and CD4+/CD8+ in asthma convalescence group (P＜0.05),while no difference in the level of CD8+T-cell The level of CD4+T-cell and CD4+/CD8+ were higher in asthma convalescence group than those in control group (P＜0.05).The level so IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-αin asthma attack group were higher than those in asthma convalescence group and control group (P＜0.05 or＜0.01),the level of TNF-α was significantly higher in asthma convalescence than that in control group (P＜0.05).There were higher levels of IgE and IgG in astham attack group than those in asthma convalescence group and control group (P＜0.01 or＜0.05),the level of IgA was lower than than in conrtol group (P＜0.01).There was higher level of IgE in asthma convalescence group than that in control group (P＜0.01).Conclusions The immune imbalance exists in children with asthma at both attack and convalescence stages.A long-time anti-allergy trealment for childhood nsthma is necessary.

Relationship between external appearance of laryngeal carcinoma and submucosal infiltrating extent / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To observe the submucosal infiltrating extent of laryngeal carcinoma tissue by different location,different T staging and external appearance and to analyze the impact of laryngeal carcinoma submucosal infiltrating extent on surgical margin.METHODS Forty-three laryngeal en bloc specimens coming from 43 cases with laryngeal carcinoma were vertically cut-down along tumor long axis,and were slivered into sections by which laryngeal carcinoma submucosal infiltrating distance was measured under microscope.Laryngeal carcinoma latent submucosal infiltrating extent was compared among different location,different T staging and external appearance.RESULTS Basing on tumor external appearance and infiltrating extent,laryngeal carcinoma was classified into three types:exogenic type,ulcerating infiltrating type and mixed infiltrating type.Of 43 specimens,the three types were 10,8 and 25 cases respectively.There was a significant difference in submucosal infiltrating extent between T1～T2 and T3～T4 laryngeal carcinoma.There was also significant difference in submucosal infiltrating extent between exogenic type and ulcerating infiltrating type or mixed infiltrating type.CONCLUSION The submucosal infiltrating extent of laryngeal carcinoma tissue plays an important role in the surgical margin. As laryngeal carcinoma T stage developing,tumor submucosal infiltrating extent is becoming more extensive.Laryngeal carcinoma submucosal infiltrating extents in ulcerating infiltrating and mixed infiltrating type are more extensive than that in exogenic type.The partial laryngectomy should be prudent to be performed in cases with local advanced ulcerating infiltrating and mixed infiltrating laryngeal carcinoma.

Effect of A-L tonic capsule on DNA content in rat experimental hepatocarcinogenesis / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The effects of A-L tonic capsule on DNA content in rat experimental hepatocarcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine (DENA) were observed. The experimental rats were divided into 4 groups. With exception of group D in which the rats were only administered with DENA, the rats in the groups A, B, C were previously, simultaneously and subsequently fed with A-L tonic capsule respectively while they were administered with DENA. The DNA content of all rat livers was measured using automatic image analysis technique 20 weeks after administration of DENA. The results showed that the highest and lowest DNA contents were respectively seen in the groups D and A. There was significant difference in DNA contents between the groups A or B or C and D, and also between the groups A and B or C (both P < 0.01). 4 components (4C) and > or = 5C cells were predominant in the group D, while 2C cells were the minority. The number of 2C cells in the groups A, B, C was significantly higher than that in the group D, and the number of > or = 5C cells in the groups A, B, C was markedly lower than that in the group D (P < 0.01). Also, there was very significant difference in the number of 2C and > or = 5C cells between group A and B or C (P < 0.01). It was concluded that A-L tonic capsule could effectively inhibit the increase of DNA content of hepatocytes and improve the distribution of DNA content in rat hepatocarcinogenesis, especially in group A.