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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2022.08.005.].
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Scutellaria baicalensis (S. baicalensis) and Scutellaria barbata (S. barbata) are common medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae family. Both produce specific flavonoid compounds, including baicalein, scutellarein, norwogonin, and wogonin, as well as their glycosides, which exhibit antioxidant and antitumor activities. Here, we report chromosome-level genome assemblies of S. baicalensis and S. barbata with quantitative chromosomal variation (2n = 18 and 2n = 26, respectively). The divergence of S. baicalensis and S. barbata occurred far earlier than previously reported, and a whole-genome duplication (WGD) event was identified. The insertion of long terminal repeat elements after speciation might be responsible for the observed chromosomal expansion and rearrangement. Comparative genome analysis of the congeneric species revealed the species-specific evolution of chrysin and apigenin biosynthetic genes, such as the S. baicalensis-specific tandem duplication of genes encoding phenylalanine ammonia lyase and chalcone synthase, and the S. barbata-specific duplication of genes encoding 4-CoA ligase. In addition, the paralogous duplication, colinearity, and expression diversity of CYP82D subfamily members revealed the functional divergence of genes encoding flavone hydroxylase between S. baicalensis and S. barbata. Analyzing these Scutellaria genomes reveals the common and species-specific evolution of flavone biosynthetic genes. Thus, these findings would facilitate the development of molecular breeding and studies of biosynthesis and regulation of bioactive compounds.
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Evolution, Molecular , Flavonoids/biosynthesis , Genome, Plant , Plant Extracts/genetics , Scutellaria/metabolism , Whole Genome SequencingABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the effect of the perforator flap of the proper digital artery on the ulnar or radial side of the finger in the treatment of webbed scar contracture of the same finger in child.@*Methods@#From January 2012 to January 2016, 26 children who were treated with dressing change after burn of finger and then had webbed scar contracture along with growth and development were hospitalized in our unit, involving a total of 50 fingers. There were 14 males and 12 females among the children aged from 2 to 14 years. After the scar was dissected and released, the wound area ranged from 1.6 cm×1.0 cm to 5.0 cm×2.6 cm. The perforator flap of the proper digital artery of the ulnar or radial side of the same finger was used to repair the wound. The flap area ranged from 1.8 cm×1.0 cm to 4.6 cm×1.8 cm. The donor sites were sutured directly. The residual wounds in donor and recipient sites were repaired by full-thickness skin graft collected from inguinal area/adjacent area or adjacent perforator flap. The postoperative development and function of the fingers were followed up and observed. The range of motion of the fingers was evaluated according to the Chinese Medical Association Hand Surgery Society′s upper limb functional evaluation trial standard, the Kantor Scar Cosmesis Assessment and Rating Scale was used to score the scar of finger, and the latest data were recorded.@*Results@#The flaps and skin grafts survived successfully after operation. The patients were followed up for 6 to 24 months. The perforator flaps of the proper digital artery on the ulnar or radial side of the finger survived well at the latest follow-up, with good color and texture and a two-point discrimination distance of 9 to 12 mm. There was no contracture of the fingers, a little pigmentation in the skin graft area, no flexion deformity of the fingers, no lateral bending of the fingers to the flap-harvesting side, and no scar contracture at the webs of the fingers. Compared with that of healthy side, the development of finger was not obviously abnormal. The range of motion of the fingers was excellent in 38 fingers and good in 12 fingers, and the scar score of the fingers was 2-3 points in 31 fingers, 4-7 points in 15 fingers, and 8-10 points in 4 fingers.@*Conclusions@#The efficacy of perforator flap of the proper digital artery of the ulnar or radial side of finger in the treatment of the webbed scar contracture of the same finger in child is reliable, with high postoperative survival rate of the flap, better color and texture, and fewer complications, which can avoid the risk of re-contracture of the finger in a short period after operation, and does not affect the growth and development of the finger.
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For promoting the quality evaluation of Gardenia resource,a UPLC method for the determination of 4 compounds (geniposidic acid,geniposide,crocin-1 and crocin-2) in Gardeniae Fructus was established.The UPLC separation was performed on an Waters Acquity UPLC BEH-C18 (2.1 mm× 100 mm,1.7 μm) column eluted with the mobile phases of acetonitrile-0.1％ formic acid solution in a gradient mode at a flow rate of 0.3 mL· min-1.The detection wavelengths were 240 nm and 440 nm,respectively.Under the optimum conditions,the calibration curves of four analysis were linear in the range of 0.0065-0.0096 μg· mL-1,with correlation coefficients more than 0.9995.The limits of detection (LODs) of four analysis were in the range of 0.0386-0.1875 μg· mL-1.As the results of determination of 4 compounds of 12 batches of Gardeniae Fructus showed,there was great differences between the contents of the 4 compounds,the contents of geniposide were 2.44％-6.96％,while the contents of crocin-1 were 1.26％-3.04％.In addition,fingerprints of 12 batches of Gardenia resources were built using ChemPattern software,and analysis and exploration over the detection results of several samples were carried out using multivariate statistical method (similarity analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis).The present study provided a reference to value the importance of this method in the quality evaluation and quality control of Gardeniae resources and slices.
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To find novel functional beverages from folk teas, 33 species of frequently used non-Camellia tea (plants other than Camellia) were collected and compared with Camellia tea (green tea, pu-erh tea and black tea) for the first time. Data are reported here on the quantities of 20 free amino acids (FAAs) and three purine alkaloids (measured by UHPLC), total polyphenols (measured by Folin-Ciocalteu assay), and antioxidant activity (DPPH). The total amounts of FAAs in non-Camellia tea (0.62-18.99 mg/g) are generally less than that of Camellia tea (16.55-24.99 mg/g). However, for certain FAAs, the quantities were much higher in some non-Camellia teas, such as γ-aminobutyric acid in teas from Ampelopsis grossedentata, Isodon serra and Hibiscus sabdariffa. Interestingly, theanine was detected in tea from Potentilla fruticosa (1.16±0.81 mg/g). Furthermore, the content of polyphenols in teas from A. grossedentata, Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala are significantly higher than those from Camellia tea; teas from I. serra, Pistacia chinensis and A. tataricum subsp. ginnala have remarkable antioxidant activities similar to the activities from green tea (44.23 μg/mL). Purine alkaloids (caffeine, theobromine and theophylline) were not detected in non-Camellia teas. The investigation suggest some non-Camellia teas may be great functional natural products with potential for prevention of chronic diseases and aging, by providing with abundant polyphenols, antioxidants and specific FAAs.
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Purpose To explore the practical significance of TERC gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization ( FISH) on the differential diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasias 1 and 2 by tissue microarray. Methods A total of 42 cases of cervical tissue samples were selected, including 20 cases of normal cervix, 22 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1/2 (8 cases of CIN1 and 14 CIN2). Homemade tissue microarray was prepared. TERC gene amplification was detected with FISH method. Results TERC gene showed no amplification in the normal cervical squamous epithelium. TERC gene amplification was detected in 22. 7%(5/22)CIN1 and 77. 3%(17/22) in CIN2. 1/8 cases of TERC gene amplification in CIN1, 4/14 cases of TERC gene amplification in CIN2. There were significant differences in TERC gene amplification between those groups (P<0. 05). Conclusion The method is feasible and reliable in the detection of TERC gene amplification in CIN1/2 on paraffin sections. It has practical values in differential diagnosis between CIN1 and CIN2.
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With the surge of high-throughput sequencing technology, it is becoming popular to perform the phylogenetic study based on genomic data. A bundle of new terms is emerging, such as phylogenomics, pharmacophylogenomics and phylotranscriptomics, which are somewhat overlapping with pharmaphylogeny. Phylogenomics is the crossing of evolutionary biology and genomics, in which genome data are utilized for evolutionary reconstructions. Pharmaphylogeny, advocated by Prof. Pei-gen Xiao since 1980s, focuses on the phylogenetic relationship of medicinal plants and is thus nurtured by molecular phylogeny, chemotaxonomy and bioactivity studies. Phylogenomics can be integrated into the flow chart of drug discovery and development, and extend the field of pharmaphylogeny at the omic level, thus the concept of pharmacophylogenomics could be redefined. This review gives a brief analysis of the association and the distinguished feature of the pharmaphylogeny related terms, in the context of plant-based drug discovery and sustainable utilization of pharmaceutical resource.
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This article was aimed to compare the antioxidant activities of Green tea and four tree-type non-Camellia teas. The antioxidant activities of the water extract of Green tea, Eagle tea, Large-leaved Kuding tea, Shiya tea and Qingqianliu tea were evaluated with four different in vitro assays including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), ferrous ion-chelating (FIC) and β-carotene-linoleate bleaching assay. In addition, the polyphenol contents of different teas were estimated by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The results showed that Shiya tea had strong antioxidant activity; its FIC and FRAP abilities are better compared with Green tea. The Eagle tea and Large-leaved Kuding tea have better antioxidant activity. The FRAP activity of Large-leaved Kuding tea was better than green tea. The DPPH of Eagle tea and Large-leaved Kuding tea were slightly lower than Green tea, but higher than the butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The antioxidant ability of Qingqianliu tea was the lowest. It was concluded that Shiya tea, Eagle tea, Large-leaved Kuding tea had relatively high development value which re-quires in-depth research and promotion.
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Duosuike Tiancha contain multiple dihydrochalcone sweet constituents, which are mainly active constituents. For the purpose of overall assessment on quality Duosuike Tiancha, 5 sweet dihydrochalcones in Duosuike Tiancha, phloridzin, phloretin-4'-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 3'-O-acetylphloridzin, 2'-O-acetylphloridzin and phloretin are determined as indicators. The separation was carried out through a isocratic elution using a Waters Acquity UPLC BRH C18 (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.7 microm) column and a mobile phase consisting of water (75%) and acetonitrile (25%) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was set at 285 nm. The column temperature was 40 degrees C. Under the optimized conditions, all the 5 sweet constituents were successfully separated with in 6 min, and good linearity (r2 > 0.999 1) was achieved. The linear range (g x L(-)) and recoveries were tested with results of 0.022 2-0.444 (98.37%), 0.102 84. 112 (97.32%), 0.003 39-0.067 68 (96.77%), 0.005 1-0.204 (98.85%) and 0.000 538-0.010 76 (100.91%) respectively. The results indicate that the content of the 5 dihydrochalcones were 7.83-62.37, 114.24-272.35, 0-1.02, 0-5.11 and 0.10-1.19 mg x g(-1), respectively. Furthermore, with certain regularity between their content and the sample size, harvest time. The separation and analysis method are fast and simple, as evidenced by the fact that the gradient elution is adopted to rapidly determine one sample within six minutes. Therefore, it can be used for dsetermine 5 sweet dihydrochalcones Duosuike Tiancha.
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Chalcones , Chemistry , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Fagaceae , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of Dolomiaea souliei.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Various chromatographic techniques were adopted to separate the constituents, and the spectrum analysis was made to identify their structures.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Seventeen compounds were isolated and identified as: dehydrocostus lactone (1), costunolide (2), mokko lactone (3), santamarine(4), reynosin (5), 4alpha-hydroxy-4beta-methyldihydrocostol (6), sulfocostunolide A (7), beta-costic acid (8), beta-cyclocostunolide (9), vladinol A (10), ursolic acid (11), betulinic acid (12), betulin (13), dibutyl terephthalate (14), dibutyl phthalate (15), uridine (16), and emodin (17).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 6-9 and 12-17 were obtained from this genus for the first time, and compound 11 was obtained from this plant for the first time.</p>
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4-Butyrolactone , Chemistry , Asteraceae , Chemistry , Emodin , Chemistry , Lactones , Chemistry , Sesquiterpenes , Chemistry , Triterpenes , ChemistryABSTRACT
As a series of and continuous publication,the papers published on Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs in 2010 were selectively and briefly highlighted to reflect the new progress on modern research of Chinese herbal medicines.Within 617 articles,chemical constituents (127),pharmaceutics and technology (149),pharmacological studies and clinical observation,and medicinal materials are still major categories.Some comments have also been personally provided.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents from seeds of Paeonia sufruticosa.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Various chromatographic techniques were used to isolate and purify the constituents, their physico-chemical properties and spectral data were employed to elucidate their structures.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Thirteen compounds were isolated and identified as: paeoniflorin (1), oxypaeoniflorin (2), 6'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylalbiflorin (3), 8-debenzoylpaeoniflorin (4), 8-debenzoylpaeonidanin (5), 1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylpaeonisuf-frone (6), 1-O-beta-D-ethyl-mannopyranoside (7), sucrose (8), luteolin (9), apigenin (10), benzoic acid (11) and 1-0-beta-D-(4-hydroxybenzoyl) glucose (12).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>compounds 2, 4-6 were isolated from this plant for the first time, compounds 7 and 12 were isolated from the family of Paeoniaceae for the first time.</p>
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Paeonia , Chemistry , Plant Extracts , Seeds , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the genetic diversity among wild germplasm resources of Coix that distributed at altitude of 550-1550 m in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan province by comparing the morphological variation, biological and economical factors.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The field plot experiments were conducted to observation the germination rate, growth period. While the milled rice rate, content of protein, crude fat and ethanol extract of 9 wild Coix germplasm resources were measured.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The germination rate of 9 germplasm was from 22% to 81%, and the growth period was among 139-156 d, which belongs to the medium-late mature type. The germination rate, growth stage, plant height, leaf length and width, tiller number, ramification number, seed number per stem of 9 Coix germplasm were significantly different (P < 0.05), respectively. The range of seed total protein contents were from 15.63% 25.74%, crude fat contents were from 5.05%-7.14%, and the contents of alcohol extract, which showed antitumor activity, were from 5.85%-7.27%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The fact of quite different in plant morphological, biological and quality characters of 9 germplasm suggested that the genetic diversity in the wild populations of Coix distributed throughout the regions of Xishuangbanna is relatively abundant.</p>
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China , Coix , Chemistry , Genetics , Physiology , Germination , Plant Extracts , Plant Proteins , Seeds , Chemistry , Genetics , PhysiologyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of inhibition of apoptosis proteins like p53,survivin,bcl-2 and chemosensitivities in gastrointestinal tract carcinomas.Methods The expression of p53,survivin and bcl-2 were determined immunohjstochemically,and the chemosenisitivities to 9 drugs was measured by MTT assay in 84 tissue specimens of gastrointestinal carcinomas.Resuits Positive immunostainning for p53,survivin and bcl-2 were found in 64%,89%and 61%of cases.respectively.Correlation existed between the expression of Sllrvivin and bcl-2(r=0.3027,P＜0.05).In terms of relationship between expression of p53,survivin or bcl-2 and inhibition rates of tumor cells.the inhibition rates to PTX and DDP in p53 strong expression group were lower than those in weak group(t=2.1282,P:0.0363;t=3.8850,P=0.0002).When survivin expressed strongly,the inhibition rates for VCR and DDP decreased significantly(t=2.1693,P=0.0329;t=2.0247,P=0.0046),while that for OXA increased(t=-2.9070,P:0.0047).here were lower tumor inhibition rates for 5-FU.VCR,eADM and OXA in bcl-2 strong expression group than those in weak group(t=2.1483～3.2330,P=0.0347～0.0018,respectively).Conclusions The extent of the expression of P53.survivin or bcl-2 in gastrointestinal carcinomas was associated with the chemosensitivities of some drugs.In assessing the influence of p53,survivin or bcl-2 on durg resistance,many factors and mechanisms should be considered.
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@#ObjectiveTo study the effect of exercise on expression of p38 after cerebral infarction in rats.MethodsThe right middle cerebral artery was occluded(MCAO) with electric coagulation in Wistar rats,and then were divided into three groups at random 48 hours later: training group which were given wheel-running exercise everyday(n=20);control group(n=20) and sham group(n=10).The expression of p38 in cortex of the three groups were detected on 7th,14th,21th and 28th day after the MCAO.ResultsIn the cortex around the infarcted focus,the expressions of p38 elevated much significantly after cerebral infarction(P<0.05).The expression of p38 in training group were higher than those in control group(P<0.05) on the 21th and 28th day.ConclusionThe cerebral infarction could induce the expression of p38.The exercise could enhance its expression.