ABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the use of personal audio devices and hearing impairment among high school students, so as to provide reference for the development of adolescent hearing health work.@*Methods@#The simple random sampling method was used to collect research data relating to 1 768 high school students. The situation of personal audio players, headphone and hearing damage were investigated by using a self designed questionnaire, so as to identify the related factors of hearing impairment which were analyzed statistically by multivariate Logistic regression.@*Results@#The use rate of PAP and earphones was 98.64% and 94.12 %, respectively, and the use rate of female students(99.68%, 96.42%) was higher than that of male students(97.43%, 91.43 %)( χ 2=16.69, 19.79, P <0.01). Hearing impairment accounted for 13.35%. The Logistic regression analysis showed that PAP service years ( OR =1.59, P <0.05) were related to hearing impairment. Gender ( OR =0.60), in ear earphones ( OR =1.38), earplug earphones ( OR =1.37), and quiet use >1 h ( OR =1.50) were independently influenced with symptoms of hearing impairment during/after earphone use( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#High usage rates of personal audio equipment among high school students lead to hearing impairment and related symptoms. Non essential use should be reduced.
ABSTRACT
Objective To discuss the application of cybernetics in hemodialysis nursing. Methods Cybernetics was applied to the standardized nursing quality management in 35 hemodialysis patients, namely to establish hemodialysis standard, weight the executive condition, correct deviation.The feed-forward control was emphasized in combination with the feedback control forming the feed forward-feedback control sys-tern in order to tighten the effect of the control. The dialysis indices before and after the intervention was compared. Results The average hematocfit and urea reduction rate greatly increased after cybernetics was applied to the standardized nursing quality management in 35 hemodialysis patients, but no change was seen in urea elimination index after the intervention. Conclusions Nursing quality can be enhanced by the application of cybernetics in hemodialysis.